RESUMEN
Penile metastases are infrequent and often originate from genitor-urinary organs including bladder and prostate. In the present communication, we report an unusual case of penile metastasis from rectal adenocarcinoma. Though uncommon, this presentation is not unknown. A review of literature of penile metastases in colorectal cancers is also summarized here.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/patología , Neoplasias del Pene/secundario , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias del Pene/terapiaRESUMEN
Hepatitis B virus infection is highly endemic among the tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. We screened 223 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive members of these tribes for hepatitis delta virus infection (HDV). The infection was observed only among the Nicobarese. Considering the serious consequences of HDV infection, we suggest that the tribes of these islands should be monitored for HDV infection.
Asunto(s)
Hepatitis D/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Niño , Preescolar , Salud de la Familia , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Hepatitis D/etnología , Hepatitis D/inmunología , Virus de la Hepatitis Delta/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , India/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Salud RuralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, is the home of six primitive tribes. No information is available on the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among them. Hence a study was undertaken with the objective of assessing the sero-prevalence of HBV infection among the four accessible tribes of these islands. METHODS: A total of 1266 serum samples were collected from four tribes i.e., Nicobarese, Shompens, Onges and Great Andamanese and tested for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. Information about different risk factors associated with HBV infection was also collected from the Nicobarese tribe. RESULTS: The overall seropositivity rate of HBsAg among the Nicobarese was 23.3 per cent (95% C.I. 21.0-25.9). Hepatitis B was also found to be an important health problem among the Shompens and Onges with HBsAg positivity of 37.8 and 31.0 per cent respectively. The age-wise distribution of these serological markers among Nicobarese tribe indicate that the infection is very common in all the age groups. The sero-prevalence was also found to be very high among the children. CONCLUSIONS & INTERPRETATION: The findings of the present study indicate that hepatitis B infection is hyper endemic among the primitive tribes of these islands. Though none of the risk factors studied in the Nicobarese was found to be significantly associated with HBV infection, the fact that almost 20 per cent of the women in the reproductive age group were positive for HBsAg indicates the possibility of vertical transmission among the Nicobarese. Further studies are required to find out other modes of transmission.
Asunto(s)
Hepatitis B/etnología , Nativos de Hawái y Otras Islas del Pacífico/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Grupos RacialesAsunto(s)
Hepatitis A/epidemiología , Hepatitis E/epidemiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/etiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Niño , Virus de la Hepatitis A/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antihepatitis/sangre , Virus de la Hepatitis E/inmunología , Virus de Hepatitis/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , India/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Hepatitis B/etiología , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nativos de Hawái y Otras Islas del Pacífico/estadística & datos numéricos , Grupos de Población/estadística & datos numéricos , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
The Karens, or 'old settlers', migrated from Myanmar to Andaman and Nicobar islands 80 years ago. A high HBV exposure rate among them has been reported. A study of 34 HBsAg carriers was done to investigate the origin of HBV infection among the Karens. RFLP-based genotyping was confirmed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The predominance of HBV/C1/Cs suggests that they carried HBV during their migration, retained it, and in addition, acquired HBV/D2 from the people of mainland India. The reported association of HBV genotype C with disease severity thus warrants further epidemiological investigations among them and on possible spread among neighboring settlers.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Hepatitis B/clasificación , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , ADN Viral/genética , Emigración e Inmigración , Etnicidad , Evolución Molecular , Femenino , Genes Virales , Hepatitis B/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , India , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación , Mianmar/etnología , FilogeniaRESUMEN
The Jarawas, a classical hunter-gatherer tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, were living in isolation for several centuries. They came into contact with the civilized world recently. Serological studies carried out among them revealed that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is hyper-endemic. The present study was carried out to investigate the possible origin of HBV infection in Jarawas. Genotyping, RFLP analysis, sequencing, and sequence analysis revealed the prevalence of HBV genotype C, similar to genotype C detected in Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar. In contrast, genotype D was prevalent among other non-Jarawa tribes of the island. These data suggest that HBV infection was transmitted from Indo-China to the Andaman Islands during migration of the Jarawas many centuries ago.