RESUMEN
The biosafety criteria of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) exhibit uncertainties, posing challenges to the assessment of the hazard of social NH3-N load to aquatic ecosystem. To evaluate this ecological hazard in China, an ecological grey water footprint (E-GWF) model is designed based on the uncertainty analysis theory. In the E-GWF model, the acute toxicity is quantified via short-term E-GWF (E-GWFs) and acute risk (AR), while its chronic toxicity is quantified via long-term E-GWF (E-GWFl) and chronic risk (CR). Results show the following. (i) Compared with the conventional GWF, the E-GWF performs better in the uncertainty analysis of the biosafety threshold, and it is more effective in ecological risk evaluation and environment planning. (ii) The E-GWFs and E-GWFl of NH3-N in China are 309.4 and 2382.5 billion m3, respectively. Regions with large E-GWF are concentrated in the east and south, while regions with small E-GWF are concentrated in the north and west. (iii) The ecological risks of NH3-N in Shanghai City, Tianjin City, Ningxia Province, Hebei Province, Jiangsu Province, Shanxi Province, and Shandong Province belong to the "High" grade. The ecological risks of NH3-N in Tibet and Qinghai Province belong to the "Negligible" grade. (iv) The ecological risk of NH3-N in China is mostly determined by industrial and domestic pollution. (v) To control the risk within allowable grades, the social NH3-N pollution load of China should be decreased to 988.7 kilotons.
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Amoníaco , Agua , Amoníaco/análisis , Ecosistema , China , Nitrógeno/análisisRESUMEN
Scutellaria barbata is a recognized anti-cancer traditional Chinese medicine, with the effects of clearing heat and detoxi-fication, dispelling blood stasis and stopping bleeding, diuresis and detumescence. At present, terpenoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides and volatile oils have been isolated from S. barbata, which have many pharmacological effects, such as resisting tumor, virus, bacteria and oxidation, and immunomodulation. This paper reviews the studies on the chemical constituents, pharmacological action and quality control of S. barbata, in the expectation of providing ideas and references for the further development and studies of S. barbata.
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Scutellaria , Flavonoides , Medicina Tradicional China , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Control de CalidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIM: Clinical diagnostic value of circ-ARHGER28 in breast cancer (BC), and the biological functions of circ-ARHGER28 on the proliferation and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human circRNA microarray was performed to analyze the expression of circRNAs in BC patients. RT-qPCR combined with bioinformatics analysis was applied to verify the candidate circRNAs in BC tissues and peripheral blood samples. Circ-ARHGER28 was chosen as the candidate gene for further research. The clinical diagnostic value and biological functions of circ-ARHGER28 were analyzed. The overexpression and negative control vector of circ-ARHGER28 were constructed and transfected to MCF-7 cells. The CCK 8 assay and clone formation experiments were applied to detect the cell proliferative and migratory abilities. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to detect apoptosis and expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-associated genes and proteins. RESULTS: Overexpression of circ-ARHGER28 inhibited the proliferation, colony formation and migration of MCF-7 cells, while increasing the population of the cells in the G2/M phase and the apoptotic rate. Apoptosis associated genes and proteins were significantly increased, whereas gene and protein expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR were decreased in the cells. CONCLUSION: Circular RNA ARHGER28 exhibits promising diagnostic value for BC. Circ-ARHGER28 inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation and increased the apoptotic rate. The function of circ-ARHGER28 was associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Circ-ARHGER28 could be an ideal biomarker for BC diagnosis and a novel target for BC therapy.
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Apoptosis , Neoplasias de la Mama , Proliferación Celular , ARN Circular , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Proliferación Celular/genética , Femenino , Apoptosis/genética , ARN Circular/genética , Células MCF-7 , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Movimiento Celular/genética , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Understanding the effects of different fertilization treatments on microbial functional diversity in loess tableland wheat soil in south Shanxi Province can provide the theoretical basis from the perspective of microbial functional diversity for chemical fertilizer reduction, wheat yield increase, and soil fertility improvement in dryland soil. We conducted a long-term field experiment with seven fertilization treatments in winter wheat cultivation area of loess tableland in south Shanxi Province, including straw charcoal fertilizer (SF), bacterial fertilizer (BF), organic fertilizer (OF), humic acid fertilizer (HF), monitoring fertilizer (MF), farmer fertilizer (FF) and no fertilizer (CK). We employed Biolog-ECO microplate technique to investigate the differences of carbon source utilization capacity and functional diversity of soil microorganisms. The results showed that all the fertilization treatments could improve the metabolic activity and functional diversity of soil microbial community. Carbon source utilization was the most efficient in SF, with the overall soil microbial utilization ability of the 31 carbon sources and the utilization ability of different guilds of carbon sources being improved. Functional diversity, richness, and dominance based on microbial carbon sources utilization were significantly higher in SF treatment than that under other five treatments, and the evenness was higher than BF. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) and biclustering heatmap analysis showed that different fertilization treatments had significant effects on the metabolic function of microbial community. SF treatment could promote the functional diversity of soil microbial community, especially for the utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and amino acids. In conclusion, straw charcoal fertilizer had positive effects on soil microbial activity in wheat soil of loess tableland in south Shanxi Province.
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Suelo , Triticum , Suelo/química , Triticum/metabolismo , Carbón Orgánico , Microbiología del Suelo , Carbono/análisis , Bacterias , Fertilizantes/análisis , Fertilización , Agricultura/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To study the expression of inflammatory signal in local prostate tissue of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) rats by electroacupuncture (EA) of Guanyuan (CV4), Zhongji (CV3), Huiyang (BL35) and Sanyinjiao (SP6), and to explore the possible mechanism of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of EA. METHODSï¼A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, model and EA (n=12 rats/group). The CPPS model was made by injection of CFA into ventral lobes of the prostate (0.1 mL). Electric acupuncture apparatus was applied to stimulate Guanyuan (CV4), Zhongji (CV3), bilateral Huiyang (BL35) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints in EA group. The general condition of rats was observed and the prostate index (PI) was calculated. The thermal pain threshold was collected after each therapeutic course. Histopathological changes of the prostate tissue were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining method. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in prostatic homogenates were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the expression levels of purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R), NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1 and interleukin-18 (IL-18) mRNA were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the PI of rats increased, and the thermal pain threshold decreased significantly in model group. The morphological structure of prostate tissues of rats in model group was severely damaged with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration. Additionally, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß and PGE2 were higher, and the expressions of P2X7R, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-18 mRNA were higher than those in control group. After EA treatment, the PI was significantly decreased, the thermal pain threshold was significantly increased, and the tissue damage was significantly improved. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines were lower in EA group, and expression of P2X7R/NLRP3 pathway was down-regulated. CONCLUSION: The effect of EA at Guanyuan (CV4), Zhongji (CV3), Huiyang (BL35) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) can improve inflammation and pain symptoms of CPPS rats induced by Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). This suggests that EA at Guanyuan (CV4), Zhongji (CV3), Huiyang (BL35) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) can produce anti-inflammatory analgesia effect by preventing the activation of P2X7R/NLRP3 signal pathway, inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines in CPPS rats, which may provide a putative novel target for the treatment of CPPS.