RESUMEN
Higher serum phosphorus levels are associated with mortality and cardiovascular events, both in healthy individuals and those with chronic kidney disease. Owing to the increasing westernization of eating habits, a decrease in rice consumption and an increase in the intake of bread and noodle products were observed in Japan. This cross-sectional study investigated the influence of staple food (rice, bread, and noodle) consumption patterns on the serum levels of phosphorus and phosphate-regulating factors in 103 healthy young participants. Fasting blood and 24-h urine samples were collected; data about dietary habits were collected using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Cluster analysis was conducted to assess subgroups classified according to staple food consumption patterns. Serum levels of phosphorus and phosphate-regulating factors did not significantly differ between subgroups classified based on the frequency of rice or bread consumption. However, the serum levels of phosphorus and fibroblast growth factor 23 were more significantly elevated in the higher than in the lower noodle consumption frequency subgroup. Cluster analysis defined three clusters, and the serum phosphorus levels in the high-noodle cluster were significantly higher than that in the high-bread and high-rice clusters. A high consumption of noodles was associated with elevated serum phosphorus levels. The trial was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Center system (The name of the trial register: Hidekazu Arai, and UMIN accession number: UMIN000034352).
RESUMEN
Hyperphosphatemia is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Recently, it has been shown that high serum phosphorus levels are associated with increased cardiovascular events in healthy subjects, but the dietary factors determining serum phosphorus level have not been fully investigated. The study investigated the influence of habitual dietary factors on serum phosphorus levels in healthy young participants. This cross-sectional study conducted fasting blood sampling in 109 healthy young people and used a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire to evaluate the subject's habitual meals. Since the bioavailability of dietary phosphorus depends on the food sources, habitual phosphorus intakes from different food groups and intake frequency (times/month) of processed foods were calculated. The mean serum phosphorus level was 3.9 0.5 mg/dl ; 10.1% of the subjects had serum phosphorus levels that exceeded the reference levels of 4.5 mg/dl. Total phosphorus intake and phosphorus intake from animal-based food did not differ between serum phosphorus quartiles. Higher intake of confectionery was associated with increased serum phosphorus levels. This study showed that frequent consumption of confectionery was associated with elevated serum phosphorus levels. Additional studies are needed to determine whether this is a causal relationship. J. Med. Invest. 66 : 134-140, February, 2019.