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1.
Nature ; 580(7801): 60-64, 2020 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32238931

RESUMEN

The ability to communicate quantum information over long distances is of central importance in quantum science and engineering1. Although some applications of quantum communication such as secure quantum key distribution2,3 are already being successfully deployed4-7, their range is currently limited by photon losses and cannot be extended using straightforward measure-and-repeat strategies without compromising unconditional security8. Alternatively, quantum repeaters9, which utilize intermediate quantum memory nodes and error correction techniques, can extend the range of quantum channels. However, their implementation remains an outstanding challenge10-16, requiring a combination of efficient and high-fidelity quantum memories, gate operations, and measurements. Here we use a single solid-state spin memory integrated in a nanophotonic diamond resonator17-19 to implement asynchronous photonic Bell-state measurements, which are a key component of quantum repeaters. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we demonstrate high-fidelity operation that effectively enables quantum communication at a rate that surpasses the ideal loss-equivalent direct-transmission method while operating at megahertz clock speeds. These results represent a crucial step towards practical quantum repeaters and large-scale quantum networks20,21.

2.
J Acoust Soc Am ; 155(1): 206-217, 2024 Jan 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38180154

RESUMEN

This article presents an improved and extended modeling approach for acoustic wave propagation in rigid porous materials, focusing on examples, such as plastic foams used for noise reduction in automotive applications. We demonstrate that the classical model (Johnson-Champoux-Allard) in the asymptotic high-frequency limit, widely employed in the literature, fails to accurately reconstruct the transmitted acoustic signal through high absorbent porous materials characterized by significant wave attenuation. The study focuses on the airborne ultrasonic frequency range (30-200 kHz). To address this limitation, we introduce new non-acoustic parameters Σ and V for viscous effects, and Σ' and V' for thermal effects, with surface and volumetric dimensions, respectively, allowing for the reconstruction of the transmitted signal and accurate modeling of the pronounced acoustic attenuation within the material. These parameters are incorporated into the expansion on skin depths of the dynamic tortuosity α(ω) and thermal tortuosity α' (ω) response functions, which describe the inertial-viscous and thermal interactions between the fluid and the solid, respectively. This novel modeling approach enables a more comprehensive study of high attenuating porous media, which are crucial for effective noise reduction. Additionally, it opens up new possibilities for characterization beyond the capabilities of current models.

3.
Br Poult Sci ; 62(1): 68-80, 2021 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32812773

RESUMEN

1. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A5 (LILRA5) is a key molecule that regulates the immune system. However, the LILRA5 gene has not been characterised in avian species, including chickens. The present study aimed to identify and functionally characterise LILRA5 identified from two genetically disparate chicken lines, viz., Marek's disease (MD)-resistant (R) line 6.3 and MD-susceptible (S) line 7.2. 2. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the identity and similarity homologies of amino acids of LILRA5 in chicken lines 6.3 and 7.2 ranged between 93% and 93.7%, whereas those between chicken and mammals ranged between 20.9% and 43.7% and 21.1% to 43.9%, respectively. The newly cloned LILRA5 from chicken lines 6.3 and 7.2 revealed high conservation and a close relationship with other known mammalian LILRA5 proteins. 3. The results indicated that LILRA5 from chicken lines 6.3 and 7.2 was associated with phosphorylation of Src kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (SHP2), which play a regulatory role in immune functions. Moreover, the results demonstrated that LILRA5 in these lines was associated with the activation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and ß2-microglobulin and induced the expression of the transporter associated with antigen processing. In addition, LILRA5 in both chicken lines activated and induced Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and the activator of transcription (STAT), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signalling pathways; toll-like receptors; and Th1-, Th2-, and Th17- cytokines. 4. The data suggested that LILRA5 has innate immune receptors essential for macrophage immune response and provide novel insights into the regulation of immunity and immunopathology.


Asunto(s)
Pollos , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Pollos/genética , Inmunoglobulinas , Leucocitos , Filogenia
4.
Eur Radiol ; 30(11): 5794-5804, 2020 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32506262

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Assessment of thoracic aortic dimensions with non-ECG-triggered contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is accompanied with motion artefacts and requires gadolinium. To avoid both motion artefacts and gadolinium administration, we evaluated the similarity and reproducibility of dimensions measured on ECG-triggered, balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) MRA as alternative to CE-MRA. METHODS: All patients, with varying medical conditions, referred for thoracic aortic examination between September 2016 and March 2018, who underwent non-ECG-triggered CE-MRA and SSFP-MRA (1.5 T) were retrospectively included (n = 30). Aortic dimensions were measured after double-oblique multiplanar reconstruction by two observers at nine landmarks predefined by literature guidelines. Image quality was scored at the sinus of Valsalva, mid-ascending aorta and mid-descending aorta by semi-automatically assessing the vessel sharpness. RESULTS: Aortic dimensions showed high agreement between non-ECG-triggered CE-MRA and SSFP-MRA (r = 0.99, p < 0.05) without overestimation or underestimation of aortic dimensions in SSFP-MRA (mean difference, 0.1 mm; limits of agreement, - 1.9 mm and 1.9 mm). Intra- and inter-observer variabilities were significantly smaller with SSFP-MRA for the sinus of Valsalva and sinotubular junction. Image quality of the sinus of Valsalva was significantly better with SSFP-MRA, as fewer images were of impaired quality (3/30) than in CE-MRA (21/30). Reproducibility of dimensions was significantly better in images scored as good quality compared to impaired quality in both sequences. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracic aortic dimensions measured on SSFP-MRA and non-ECG-triggered CE-MRA were similar. As expected, SSFP-MRA showed better reproducibility close to the aortic root because of lesser motion artefacts, making it a feasible non-contrast imaging alternative. KEY POINTS: • SSFP-MRA provides similar dimensions as non-ECG-triggered CE-MRA. • Intra- and inter-observer reproducibilities improve for the sinus of Valsalva and sinotubular junction with SSFP-MRA. • ECG-triggered SSFP-MRA shows better image quality for landmarks close to the aortic root in the absence of cardiac motion.


Asunto(s)
Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagen , Artefactos , Electrocardiografía/métodos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Angiografía por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos
5.
J Cardiovasc Magn Reson ; 22(1): 34, 2020 05 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32393281

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The clinical application of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T2 and T2* mapping is currently limited as ranges for healthy and cardiac diseases are poorly defined. In this meta-analysis we aimed to determine the weighted mean of T2 and T2* mapping values in patients with myocardial infarction (MI), heart transplantation, non-ischemic cardiomyopathies (NICM) and hypertension, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) of each population with healthy controls. Additionally, the variation of mapping outcomes between studies was investigated. METHODS: The PRISMA guidelines were followed after literature searches on PubMed and Embase. Studies reporting CMR T2 or T2* values measured in patients were included. The SMD was calculated using a random effects model and a meta-regression analysis was performed for populations with sufficient published data. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-four studies, including 13,804 patient and 4392 control measurements, were included. T2 values were higher in patients with MI, heart transplantation, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myocarditis (SMD of 2.17, 1.05, 0.87, 1.39, 1.62, 1.95, 1.90 and 1.33, respectively, P <  0.01) compared with controls. T2 values in iron overload patients (SMD = - 0.54, P = 0.30) and Anderson-Fabry disease patients (SMD = 0.52, P = 0.17) did both not differ from controls. T2* values were lower in patients with MI and iron overload (SMD of - 1.99 and - 2.39, respectively, P <  0.01) compared with controls. T2* values in HCM patients (SMD = - 0.61, P = 0.22), DCM patients (SMD = - 0.54, P = 0.06) and hypertension patients (SMD = - 1.46, P = 0.10) did not differ from controls. Multiple CMR acquisition and patient demographic factors were assessed as significant covariates, thereby influencing the mapping outcomes and causing variation between studies. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical utility of T2 and T2* mapping to distinguish affected myocardium in patients with cardiomyopathies or heart transplantation from healthy myocardium seemed to be confirmed based on this meta-analysis. Nevertheless, variation of mapping values between studies complicates comparison with external values and therefore require local healthy reference values to clinically interpret quantitative values. Furthermore, disease differentiation seems limited, since changes in T2 and T2* values of most cardiomyopathies are similar.


Asunto(s)
Cardiomiopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Trasplante de Corazón , Hipertensión/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiomiopatías/epidemiología , Cardiomiopatías/fisiopatología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/cirugía , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento
7.
Phys Rev Lett ; 123(18): 183602, 2019 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31763904

RESUMEN

Quantum networks require functional nodes consisting of stationary registers with the capability of high-fidelity quantum processing and storage, which efficiently interface with photons propagating in an optical fiber. We report a significant step towards realization of such nodes using a diamond nanocavity with an embedded silicon-vacancy (SiV) color center and a proximal nuclear spin. Specifically, we show that efficient SiV-cavity coupling (with cooperativity C>30) provides a nearly deterministic interface between photons and the electron spin memory, featuring coherence times exceeding 1 ms. Employing coherent microwave control, we demonstrate heralded single photon storage in the long-lived spin memory as well as a universal control over a cavity-coupled two-qubit register consisting of a SiV and a proximal ^{13}C nuclear spin with nearly second-long coherence time, laying the groundwork for implementing quantum repeaters.

8.
Ann Ig ; 31(4): 309-315, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31268115

RESUMEN

On the subject of vaccination, owing to complex issues connected to vaccine refusal and vaccine hesitancy, the pharmacist is seen as a professional figure in the health sector who is qualified to improve social accountability with the aim of increasing the consent. In order to provide accurate information, Law no. 119/2007 has confirmed the central role of the pharmacist in the promotion of prophylactic vaccination, explicitly stating under art. 2 that the Ministry will be able to count on the collaboration of pharmacists as well as general practitioners and paediatricians. Pharmacists are pinpointed as new professional figures who could assist the national health service in its vaccine awareness and administration campaigns. Art. 5 comma 1 of Law no.119/2017 states that to meet vaccine goals, each Region will be able to allow vaccines to be booked through the Italian booking system (CUP) and administered free-of-charge in authorized pharmacies.


Asunto(s)
Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Servicios Farmacéuticos/organización & administración , Farmacéuticos/organización & administración , Vacunación/métodos , Conducta Cooperativa , Educación en Salud/métodos , Humanos , Italia , Programas Nacionales de Salud/organización & administración , Rol Profesional , Negativa a la Vacunación/psicología , Vacunas/administración & dosificación
9.
Ann Ig ; 31(3): 291-305, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31069373

RESUMEN

Since the Expanded Program on Immunization was proposed by the World Health Organization in 1981, it has been promptly adopted by Vietnam as one of the country's national priority programs. In 1986, Vietnam achieved some remarkable goals, including polio-free status and the elimination of neonatal tetanus. At the same time, however, barriers and difficulties have also emerged. This article aims to provide an overview of both achievements and barriers to the implementation of the program and proposes some solutions.


Asunto(s)
Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención a la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Países en Desarrollo/estadística & datos numéricos , Educación en Salud , Personal de Salud/educación , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Disparidades en Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Inmunización , Programas de Inmunización/economía , Programas de Inmunización/estadística & datos numéricos , Esquemas de Inmunización , Sarampión/epidemiología , Sarampión/prevención & control , Morbilidad/tendencias , Cobertura de Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Negativa a la Vacunación/psicología , Negativa a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Prevenibles por Vacunación/epidemiología , Vietnam/epidemiología
10.
Lupus ; 27(14): 2220-2227, 2018 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30376790

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD) is a commonly occurring condition related to systemic autoimmune disease. It is characterized histopathologically by a distinct pattern of granulomatous inflammation in the presence or absence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The properties of granulomatous cells in PNGD are still uncertain. OBJECTIVE: We sought further investigation on the phenotype of the infiltrated cells in PNGD from two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and reviewed the previous published reports in order to provide a comprehensive summary on the clinical features of PNGD in SLE. METHODS: The immunohistochemical features of granulomatous cells in PNGD associated with SLE were analyzed. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on sections from our two cases using antibodies against CD68, CD163, CD15, Factor XIIIa, myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase. The clinical characteristics of the SLE patients who developed PNGD were also evaluated. We included all cases retrieved through a PubMed search with the key words PNGD and SLE. RESULTS: Cutaneous lesions consisted of erythematous plaques distributed on the face and upper limbs in both cases. The infiltrated cells were mainly positive for CD68 and CD163, a phenotype suggestive of M2 macrophages. Some mature neutrophils and lymphocytes were also present. A review of the literature of PNGD associated with SLE revealed a predominance in females, high prevalence of lupus nephritis and a good response to systemic steroids, with frequent skin lesions relapses during tapering of the treatment. LIMITATIONS: This study examined only two cases; the pathogenesis of the disease remains to be clarified. CONCLUSION: PNGD lesions were abundantly infiltrated by M2 macrophages, suggesting that they may have a role in this condition. SLE accompanied by PNGD might be associated with lupus nephritis and frequent relapses of skin lesions.


Asunto(s)
Dermatitis/etiología , Granuloma/etiología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Piel/patología , Adulto , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Antígenos de Diferenciación Mielomonocítica/inmunología , Dermatitis/patología , Femenino , Granuloma/patología , Humanos , Macrófagos/patología , Neutrófilos/patología , Receptores de Superficie Celular/inmunología , Factores Sexuales
11.
Health Care Women Int ; 39(4): 415-428, 2018 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28812447

RESUMEN

Insights into disclosure by people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) can inform strategies for treatment and support, yet Vietnamese women's self-disclosure patterns are poorly understood. We conducted interviews with 12 HIV-positive women, identifying three principal factors influencing disclosure to family members: patrilocal residence, desire to protect own family, and the need for financial support. Women's decision-making about disclosure was significantly affected by dependence on or independence of parents-in-law and their own parents. We believe that our findings reveal the complex interplay of stigma and disclosure within Vietnamese families, highlighting the need for specific social measures that promote self-disclosure combined with family support for female PLWHA.


Asunto(s)
Familia/psicología , Seropositividad para VIH/psicología , Autorrevelación , Estigma Social , Apoyo Social , Revelación de la Verdad , Adulto , Toma de Decisiones , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Padres , Investigación Cualitativa , Vietnam
12.
Phys Rev Lett ; 119(22): 223602, 2017 Dec 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29286819

RESUMEN

The negatively charged silicon-vacancy (SiV^{-}) color center in diamond has recently emerged as a promising system for quantum photonics. Its symmetry-protected optical transitions enable the creation of indistinguishable emitter arrays and deterministic coupling to nanophotonic devices. Despite this, the longest coherence time associated with its electronic spin achieved to date (∼250 ns) has been limited by coupling to acoustic phonons. We demonstrate coherent control and suppression of phonon-induced dephasing of the SiV^{-} electronic spin coherence by 5 orders of magnitude by operating at temperatures below 500 mK. By aligning the magnetic field along the SiV^{-} symmetry axis, we demonstrate spin-conserving optical transitions and single-shot readout of the SiV^{-} spin with 89% fidelity. Coherent control of the SiV^{-} spin with microwave fields is used to demonstrate a spin coherence time T_{2} of 13 ms and a spin relaxation time T_{1} exceeding 1 s at 100 mK. These results establish the SiV^{-} as a promising solid-state candidate for the realization of quantum networks.

13.
Phys Rev Lett ; 118(22): 223603, 2017 Jun 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28621982

RESUMEN

We demonstrate a quantum nanophotonics platform based on germanium-vacancy (GeV) color centers in fiber-coupled diamond nanophotonic waveguides. We show that GeV optical transitions have a high quantum efficiency and are nearly lifetime broadened in such nanophotonic structures. These properties yield an efficient interface between waveguide photons and a single GeV center without the use of a cavity or slow-light waveguide. As a result, a single GeV center reduces waveguide transmission by 18±1% on resonance in a single pass. We use a nanophotonic interferometer to perform homodyne detection of GeV resonance fluorescence. By probing the photon statistics of the output field, we demonstrate that the GeV-waveguide system is nonlinear at the single-photon level.

16.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 27(7): 2899-2907, 2023 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37070890

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Chronic venous disease (CVD) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are two common diseases in the elderly. Both share common risk factors, such as age, sex, and obesity, and are believed to be associated with inflammatory conditions and venous stasis. However, studies of the association between CVD and KOA are limited, especially in the elderly. To investigate the association between CVD and KOA and their effects on pain and functional status in the elderly at the Rheumatology Clinic of University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 222 elderly patients (aged ≥60 years) at the Rheumatology Clinic of University Medical Center HCMC from December 2019 to June 2020, including 167 with and 55 without KOA. Patient data were collected for both groups, including demographics, symptoms, clinical signs, and diagnostic tests for KOA and CVD, including knee radiographs and duplex scanning of the lower extremity veins. RESULTS: CVD was a common comorbidity among elderly patients with KOA (73.65% vs. 58.18%; p = 0.030). CVD symptoms did not differ significantly between patients with and without KOA. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and some comorbid conditions, the differences in CVD incidence between the groups remained significant (odds ratio = 2.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-5.06; p = 0.014). Visual Analog Scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain scores were higher in elderly patients with KOA and CVD. CONCLUSIONS: CVD is common in elderly patients with KOA. While age, sex, and weight are risk factors for both conditions, there is an independent association between them. Patients comorbid with KOA and CVD have more pain and limited functional status.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Anciano , Humanos , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/epidemiología , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/complicaciones , Estudios Transversales , Dolor/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedad Crónica , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/complicaciones
17.
Phys Rev E ; 105(1-2): 015101, 2022 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35193282

RESUMEN

The effect of polydispersity on foam permeability is investigated by numerical simulations. Foam structures are first generated by Laguerre tessellations via the Neper software and relaxed to minimize the surface energy via the Surface Evolver software. The fluid flow and permeability are then calculated by means of pore-network simulations, by considering either fully open-cell foams or foams with randomly selected closed windows. Different configurations of window aperture are used, including identical window aperture size, identical window aperture ratio, or random window aperture ratio. The main results are obtained for the case of foams having identical and uniform window aperture ratios. For such foams and at constant mean pore size, foam permeability is found to strongly increase with the polydispersity degree. The numerical results are employed to discuss the validity of the mean pressure field assumption used to calculate the foam permeability, the effect of small pores, and the definition of an equivalent Kelvin foam size. We show that as long as the fluctuations of the window aperture ratio remain low, foam permeability can be estimated by using the mean pressure field hypothesis. The weak effect of small pores on permeability is related to their small contribution to the overall fluid volume fraction. Finally, various estimations of the equivalent Kelvin foam size based on pore-size distribution are proposed.

18.
Biol Lett ; 7(4): 539-42, 2011 Aug 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21288939

RESUMEN

People come in different shapes and sizes. In particular, calf muscle size in humans varies considerably. One possible cause for the different shapes of calf muscles is the inherent difference in neural signals sent to these muscles during walking. In sedentary adults, the variability in neural control of the calf muscles was examined with muscle size, walking kinematics and limb morphometrics. Half the subjects walked while activating their medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles more strongly than their lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles during most walking speeds ('MG-biased'). The other subjects walked while activating their MG and LG muscles nearly equally ('unbiased'). Those who walked with an MG-biased recruitment pattern also had thicker MG muscles and shorter heel lengths, or MG muscle moment arms, than unbiased walkers, but were similar in height, weight, lower limb length, foot length, and exhibited similar walking kinematics. The relatively less plastic skeletal system may drive calf muscle size and motor recruitment patterns of walking in humans.


Asunto(s)
Talón/anatomía & histología , Músculo Esquelético/anatomía & histología , Caminata/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Encéfalo/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino
20.
J Neuromuscul Dis ; 8(1): 53-61, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32925088

RESUMEN

We report the recruitment activities and outcomes of a multi-disease neuromuscular patient registry in Canada. The Canadian Neuromuscular Disease Registry (CNDR) registers individuals across Canada with a confirmed diagnosis of a neuromuscular disease. Diagnosis and contact information are collected across all diseases and detailed prospective data is collected for 5 specific diseases: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), Myotonic Dystrophy (DM), Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD), and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). Since 2010, the CNDR has registered 4306 patients (1154 pediatric and 3148 adult) with 91 different neuromuscular diagnoses and has facilitated 125 projects (73 academic, 3 not-for-profit, 3 government, and 46 commercial) using registry data. In conclusion, the CNDR is an effective and productive pan-neuromuscular registry that has successfully facilitated a substantial number of studies over the past 10 years.


Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral , Atrofia Muscular Espinal , Distrofia Muscular de Cinturas , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne , Distrofia Miotónica , Sistema de Registros , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Canadá , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven
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