RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to provide average of standard values in planning orthognathic surgery in Asians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three Asians with well-balanced facial profile, combined with class I occlusion and stabilized condylar head were evaluated using lateral cephalograms. RESULTS: Facial length (Nasion'-Menton') was 138.8 and 127.0âmm in male and female, respectively. Upper and lower lip length were 24.5 and 49.8âmm for male, and 22.2 and 45.1âmm for female, and maxillary incisor exposure was 2.0 and 4.0âmm in male and female, respectively. Nasolabial angle was 77.7° and 84.1° in male and female, respectively. Alar base, A point', and maxillary incisor were placed posteriorly to true vertical line by 10.6, 1.0, and 8.0âmm for male and 9.0, 0.8, and 6.9âmm for female. The horizontal distance between upper lip anterior and lower lip anterior was 2.1âmm for male and 2.6âmm for female, and the horizontal distance between A point' and B point' was 5.3âmm for male and 3.9âmm for female. Orbital rim' to A-point' was 12.4 and 11.3âmm in male and female, respectively. Pogonion' located posteriorly to glabella' by 2.7âmm for male and anteriorly to glabella' by 3.2âmm for female, and facial angle was 156.7° and 147.0° in male and female, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This quantitative analysis of facial profile in Asian will be helpful in evaluation of facial soft tissue and establishment of treatment plans for orthognathic surgery.
Asunto(s)
Cefalometría/métodos , Cara , Cirugía Ortognática , Adulto , Pueblo Asiatico , Oclusión Dental , Cara/anatomía & histología , Cara/diagnóstico por imagen , Cara/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Cirugía Ortognática/métodos , Cirugía Ortognática/normas , Radiografía Dental/métodos , Valores de Referencia , República de CoreaRESUMEN
Salivary stones in the parotid gland can be treated with a wide range of methods. Stones close to the opening of the duct can be easily removed through the oral cavity, whereas the entire salivary gland may need to be removed if stones are located close to the parotid gland. In such cases, surgical removal of the parotid gland may be lengthy and may produce facial nerve injury. We report a simple extraoral approach used for the removal of parotid gland stones located close to the parotid gland by precisely identifying the location of stones in 2 patients with parotid sialolithiasis.