Training and evaluation of professional competency in pediatric nursing: perspective of university professors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the training and evaluation of professional competency to work in the area of pediatric nursing based on the conceptions and experiences of university professors. METHOD: A qualitative study conducted with pediatric nursing professors from six public undergraduate courses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The data were collected by semi-structured interview and analyzed by the Content Analysis method. RESULTS: Sixteen professors participated. Five main themes emerged: competency definition, attributes to act with children, advances in the training of professional competency, challenges to enable training pediatric competency, and methods and instruments for evaluating competency acquisition to work in the area of pediatric nursing. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study point to the importance of a balanced approach in the cognitive, psychomotor and affective dimensions in training and evaluating professional competency in pediatric nursing, as well as extending the curricular valorization of this area of knowledge and practice.

Educational intervention regarding diet and physical activity for pregnant women: changes in knowledge and practices among health professionals.

BACKGROUND: The knowledge and practices of health professionals have a recognized role in behaviors related to the health of their patients. During pregnancy, this influence can be even stronger because there is frequent contact between women and doctors/nurses at periodic antenatal visits. When trained, supported and motivated, these professionals can act as health promoters. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a focused educational intervention on improving the knowledge and practices of health professionals concerning diet and physical activity during pregnancy. METHODS: A controlled, non-randomized study was performed to assess the effects of an educational intervention on the knowledge and practices of nurses and doctors who provide primary care to pregnant women. The intervention group, doctors and nurses (n = 22) from the family health units in a medium-sized city of São Paulo State, Brazil, received 16 h of training comprising an introductory course and three workshops, whereas the control group, doctors and nurses (n = 20) from traditional basic health units in Botucatu, did not. The professionals' knowledge was assessed at two time points, 1 month prior to and 1 year after the beginning of the intervention, using an ad hoc self-report questionnaire. The increases in the knowledge scores for walking and healthy eating of the intervention and control groups were calculated and compared using Student's t-test. To analyze the professionals' practice, women in the second trimester of pregnancy were asked whether they received guidance on healthy eating and leisure-time walking; 140 of these women were cared for by professionals in the intervention group, and 141 were cared for by professionals in the control group. The percentage of pregnant women in each group that received guidance was compared using the chi-square test and the Prevalence Ratio (PR), and the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: The intervention improved the professionals' knowledge regarding leisure-time walking (92 % increase in the score, p < 0.001). The women who were cared for by the intervention group were more likely to receive guidance regarding leisure-time walking (PR = 2.65; 95 % CI = 1.82-3.83) and healthy eating (PR = 1.76; 95 % CI = 1.34-2.31) when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: It is possible to improve the knowledge and practices of health professionals through the proposed intervention aimed at primary health care teams providing antenatal care.

[Health care for women over 50: programmatic vulnerability in the Family Health Strategy]. / Atenção à saúde da mulher após os 50 anos: vulnerabilidade programática na Estratégia Saúde da Família.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the health care process for women over 50 at a Family Health Unit based on the concept of programmatic vulnerability. METHOD: This study is inserted in the field of health care assessments. The framework proposed by Donabedian was used to analyze 90.5% of the 790 records of women registered at the unit. RESULTS: It was observed that none of the women that did not have a diagnosed pathology attended the recommended consultations or underwent the recommended tests. Of the total number of women with hypertension or diabetes, 20.7% were registered in the Hiperdia Programme and less than 1.0% had attended the consultations and undergone the necessary tests. Only 11.9% of the women had had a gynaecological examination, a clinical breast examination and a mammography the year before data collection. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that women over 50 are in a situation of programmatic vulnerability in terms of the indicators established in this study. Knowledge of this reality can help nurses provide care that is best suited for this group.

[Women's strategies for coping with urinary incontinence]. / Estratégias de enfrentamento da incontinência urinária por mulheres.

This article is part of a more comprehensive qualitative study which used grounded theory and symbolic interactionism as theoretical and methodological frameworks, resulting in the theoretical model entitled, Between suffering and hope: rehabilitation of urinary incontinence as an intervenient component. In order to communicate all the knowledge produced, part of this model is presented, and it refers to the process of coping with urinary incontinence by women without perspectives of access to surgical treatment after failure of conservative procedures. When interrelating the components (categories and subcategories) of these women's experience in order to compare and analyze them to understand their interaction, moral and psychosocial vulnerability were noticed within the experience of the group, which makes them susceptible to health risks and to compromise of their quality of life, observed in the movement of the group's experience. Research is needed to further understand experiences in which there are barriers to surgical treatment due to physicians' disbelief in its effectiveness.

Advanced Practice Nursing: "Training" Pillar in Supporting the Proposal in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: to present the pillars that support what has been called Advanced Practice Nursing and discuss the necessary training for its implementation. METHODS: elements contained in assessment documents for graduate programs proposals, reports of presentations by international professors in countries and selected scientific publications were gathered to compose the argument. RESULTS: practice/competency (adds broad and in-depth knowledge about health processes and scientific evidence, clinical reasoning and clinical skills for therapeutic indications); 3) professional regulation (corresponding legislation and monitoring); and 4) funding (broad training and professional practice policy). FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the agenda for implementing Advanced Practice Nursing in Brazil involves joining efforts to identify stakeholders for a work to legitimize their importance in the country's health and education overview.

Mobile applications as a strategy to support parents in the care of newborns: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To map and describe studies available in the literature about mobile applications to support parents in newborn care and data from applications accessible in online stores. METHOD: This is a scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. The searches were carried out in theses and dissertations databases and portals, in September 2021, and articles, theses, and dissertations were included. An independent search was performed in online stores of applications for operating systems Android and iOS, in October and December 2021, and applications with content to support parents of newborns were selected. RESULTS: A total of 5,238 studies and 757 applications were found, and of these, 16 and 150, respectively, composed the sample. The topics discussed in the studies were: care, breastfeeding, fever, identification of neonatal diseases, child growth and development. In the applications, the themes found were care, breastfeeding, growth, immunization, development, sleep, tips, and guidelines. CONCLUSION: Applications are important support tools for parents, as they are an innovative means and accessible to a large part of the population.

Knowledge of women who have sex with women about Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS. / Conhecimento de mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Aids.

This article aims to study the knowledge of women who have sex with women about Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS. Cross-sectional study of 260 women, 81 women who either have sex with women or with men and women (WSW) and 179 women who have sex exclusively with men (WSM). Data were collected in 2019/2020 by means of a form and validated instruments. To study the association between sexual partnership and level of knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS, multiple Cox regression models were adjusted, producing significant associations of p<0,05. The median percentage of correct answers was lower among WSW when compared to WSM [68% (18-96) vs 75% (14-96); p=0.023]. Having sex with woman [PR=2.36 (1.07-5.21); p=0.033] and less than 11 years of schooling [PR=2.64 (1.12-6.21); p=0.026] were independently associated with low knowledge. WSW had a lower level of knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS than WSM, and lower education was independently associated with this finding.

O objetivo deste artigo é estudar o conhecimento de mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Aids. Estudo transversal com 260 mulheres, sendo 81 mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres ou com mulheres e homens (MSM) e 179 mulheres que fazem sexo exclusivamente com homens (MSH). Dados obtidos entre 2019 e 2020, por meio de aplicação de formulário e de instrumentos validados. Para estudar a associação entre parceria sexual e nível de conhecimento sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Aids foram ajustados modelos de regressão múltipla de Cox, sendo significativas as associações com p<0,05. A mediana do percentual de acerto das questões foi inferior entre às MSM quando comparadas às das MSH [68% (18-96) vs 75% (14-96); p=0,023]. Fazer sexo com mulher [RP=2,36 (1,07-5,21); p=0,033] e escolaridade menor que 11 anos de estudo [RP=2,64 (1,12-6,21); p=0,026] associaram-se independentemente ao baixo conhecimento. As MSM apresentaram menor nível de conhecimento sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Aids do que as MSH, assim como a menor escolaridade associou-se independentemente a esse desfecho.

Factors associated with the evolution of COVID-19 in pregnant women: a Brazilian population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the evolution of COVID-19 among Brazilian pregnant women, identifying sociodemographic and clinical predictors related to admission to ICU - Intensive Care Unit and death. METHOD: Cross-sectional, population-based study, carried out with a secondary database, based on data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by multiple linear regression with Poisson response, adopting critical p < 0.05. RESULTS: Intensive care admission rates of 28.2% and death rates of 9.5% were identified. Region of residence, gestational trimester, number of comorbidities and respiratory signs and symptoms were associated with the risk of admission to intensive care. Age over 34 years, comorbidities, oxygen saturation equal to or less than 95%, admission to intensive care and ventilatory support, invasive or not, increased the risk of death. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic and clinical predictors showed an association with hospitalization in intensive care and death of pregnant women with COVID-19.

[Characteristics of a population of sex workers and their association with the presence of sexually transmitted diseases]. / Características de população de profissionais do sexo e sua associação com presença de doença sexualmente transmissível.

The objectives of this study were to describe a population of sex workers considering their sociodemographic characteristics, gyneco-obstetric history and behavioral factors, and to verify the association of these characteristics with the presence of sexually transmitted diseases. This epidemiological cross-sectional study was performed with 102 female sex workers. Data were collected using structured interviews and gold-standard exams for diagnosis of the diseases of interest. The women's mean age was 26.1 years. Most of them had attended school for nine years or more, were single and reported becoming sexually active before 15 years of age. Performing oral sex on partners was cited by 90.2% of women, and 99% reported the use of condoms at work; only 26.3% used condoms with permanent partners, and 42.2% used illicit drugs. No association was observed between sociodemographic factors, gyneco-obstetric history or behavioral factors and sexually transmitted diseases, which may have been due to their educational status and the fact that the population had very similar characteristics, thus making it difficult to determine such associations.

Factors associated with COVID-19 severity among Brazilian pregnant adolescents: a population-based study. / Fatores associados à gravidade da COVID-19 em gestantes adolescentes brasileiras: estudo de base populacional.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the factors associated with need for intensive care unit admission of Brazilian pregnant adolescents with COVID-19. METHOD: population-based non-concurrent cohort study using secondary databases. Brazilian pregnant adolescents who had laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR, between March 14, 2020 and April 11, 2021 were included in the study. Statistical analysis using the Poisson multiple regression model, estimating the relative risk and respective 95% confidence intervals, with values of p <0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: in total, 282 pregnant women were included in the study, with median age of 17 years, most with brown skin, in the third trimester of pregnancy, and living in urban or peri-urban areas. The intensive care unit admission rate was 14.5%, associated with living in the Southeast region of Brazil (RR=5.03, 95%CI=1.78-14.24, p=0.002), oxygen saturation below 95% (RR=2.62, 95%CI=1.17-5.87, p=0.019), and having some comorbidity (RR=2.05, 95%CI=1.01-4.16, p=0.047). CONCLUSION: the intensive care unit admission rate was high among Brazilian pregnant adolescents and was associated with living in the Southeast region of Brazil, having some comorbidity and/or presenting low oxygen saturation.(1) The ICU admission rate of pregnant adolescents was high: 14.5%. (2) Low oxygen saturation was a predictor of COVID-19 severity. (3) Living in the Southeast region in Brazil increased the risk of ICU admission by five times. (4) Having some comorbidity increased the risk of ICU admission by two times.

Child health promotion from the perspective of family health strategy nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To apprehend nurses' conceptions and experiences about actions of child health promotion in family health units. METHODS: Exploratory study, with thematic content analysis of statements, obtained through semi-structured interviews with 11 nurses from a municipality in São Paulo. RESULTS: Three thematic categories emerged on child health promotion actions: they must be contextualized, provide for comprehensive care, and aim at self-care; they are carried out through health guidelines shared by professionals with children and their families, inside and outside the health units; present challenges to be overcome by health services, such as lack of involvement and appreciation of the family regarding child follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The concepts apprehended approached the premises of official documents on health promotion; however, practical experiences included difficulties related to the life contexts of children, their families and health services, compromising the achievement of comprehensive care.

Progression of COVID-19 Among Black Pregnant Women: Population-Based Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution of COVID-19 related to race/skin color among Brazilian pregnant women registered on the Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Gripe (SIVEP Gripe). This is a population-based study, based on the data from SIVEP Gripe, with data collected at two time points, August 2020 and February 2021. From the complete database (575,935 cases on August 8, 2020 and 1,048,576 cases on January 2, 2021), the weeks 13 to 32 (563,851 cases) and 33 to 53 (469,241 cases) were selected. We selected cases of pregnant women with white, brown and black skin color and final evolution (1,884 and 1,286 cases). The final sample (939 and 858 cases) was defined by including participants who had all the targeted information recorded. The outcome variables were hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and COVID-19 deaths. The present study identified that there was a drop of approximately two-thirds in the proportion of pregnant women who required ICU care or died, when comparing the first and second periods. In the second period, black pregnant women had approximately five times higher risk of death compared to white and brown women.

The influence of gestational age at term on breastfeeding: a cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of the category gestational age at term on breastfeeding in he first hour of life, the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and practice of breastfeeding twelve months from birth. METHOD: Single cohort, with a one-year prospective follow-up of 541 children. A hierarchical analysis was performed, with models adjusted per Cox regression, considering critical p < 0.05. RESULTS: During raw analysis there was a statistical difference on breastfeeding in the first hour of life (RR = 1.54; CI 95% = 1.12-2.12; p = 0.008). However, in the final analysis, there was no association between gestational age at term and breastfeeding in the first hour of life, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and the practice of breastfeeding twelve months from birth. Secondarily, higher age and education, cesarean section, birth at private services, and the need for resuscitation were observed to have a negative influence. Duration of previous pregnancy favored breastfeeding in the first hour of life. Using baby bottle and pacifier was negative for breastfeeding in the first year of life. CONCLUSION: There was no association between the category gestational age at term and breastfeeding. The association of outcomes pointed out by the scientific literature have been confirmed.

Factors associated with death among postpartum women with COVID-19: a Brazilian population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the factors associated with death due to COVID-19 among Brazilian postpartum women in the first five months of the pandemic and five subsequent months, and describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of postpartum women who developed the disease. METHOD: cross-sectional population-based study using a secondary database available in the Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe -SIVEP-Gripe (Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System), Brazilian Ministry of Health. A total of 869 postpartum women were included, and the analysis considered the first five months of the pandemic and subsequent five months. Association between the variables of interest and outcome (death due to COVID-19/cure) was investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS: most participants were aged between 20 and 34, of mixed race or Caucasian, and lived in the urban/peri-urban area. The proportion of deaths was 20.2% in the first period and 11.2% in the second. The likelihood of death increased in both periods due to the presence of respiratory signs and symptoms: dyspnea, respiratory distress, and oxygen saturation below 95%, in addition to the need for ventilatory support and intensive care. CONCLUSION: the proportion of deaths among postpartum women was high and decreased in the second period under study. Respiratory signs and symptoms, mechanical ventilation, and intensive care were associated with death in both periods.

Health care in the first year of life of a prospective cohort of late-preterm and full-term infants, in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2015-2017. / Atenção à saúde no primeiro ano de vida de uma coorte prospectiva de lactentes prematuros tardios e a termo de Botucatu, São Paulo, 2015-2017.

OBJECTIVE: To assess association between late-preterm birth and use of referral health services in the first year of life. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study, with data collected from infants at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months old. Maternal and birth characteristics were compared between full-term and late preterm infants. The effect of late preterm birth on the use of specialized outpatient clinic, emergency room/emergency care center, hospitalizations and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions was evaluated by calculating adjusted odds ratios. RESULTS: 41 late preterm and 540 full-term infants differed as to frequency of low birth weight and in not staying in joint accommodation, both of which were higher in late-preterm infants, who were also more likely to be admitted to the neonatal ICU (OR=6.85 - 95%CI 2.56;18.34). Late preterm birth was not associated with the use of other referral health services. CONCLUSION: late preterm birth was not associated with greater use of referral health services after discharge from maternity hospital.

Do depressive symptoms among pregnant women assisted in Primary Health Care services increase the risk of prematurity and low birth weight?

OBJECTIVE: to investigate associations between depressive symptoms during pregnancy, low birth weight, and prematurity among women with low-risk pregnancies assisted in public Primary Health Care services. METHOD: prospective cohort with 193 pregnant women, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, telephone interviews, and medical records available in the health services. Associations of interest were obtained using the Cox regression model. RESULTS: the participants were aged 24.9 years old (median) and had 11 years of schooling (median); 82.4% lived with their partners, and gestational age at the birth was 39 weeks (median). Twenty-five percent of the participants scored ≥13 on the Edinburgh scale. Depressive symptoms did not appear associated with low birth weight (RR=2.06; CI95%=0.56-7.61) or prematurity (RR=0.86; CI95%=0.24-3.09) in the adjusted analysis. However, premature labor increased the risk of low birth weight (RR=4.81; CI95%=1.01-23.0) and prematurity (RR=7.70; CI95%=2.50-23.7). Additionally, each week added to gestational age decreased the risk of low birth weight (RR=0.76; CI95%=0.61-0.95). CONCLUSION: the presence of depressive symptoms among women with low-risk pregnancies was not associated with low birth weight or prematurity.

Feelings and perceptions of women in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle who survived severe maternal morbidity.

This study aimed to understand severe maternal morbidity from the perspective of women who experienced it. The methodological precepts of qualitative research were adopted and the Collective Subject Discourse was the methodological framework chosen. A total of 16 women who experienced severe maternal morbidity were interviewed. Results were discussed based on four themes: describing the desire and plan for having a child; acknowledging the health problem and its influence on pregnancy and on the conceptus; overcoming the initial shock postpartum, and experiencing the risk situation: desires, frustration, and overcoming. This study will contribute to qualifying nursing care, specifically acknowledging the diversity and breadth of the needs presented by women in situations of severe morbidity during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle.

[Vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections of women who have sex with women]. / Vulnerabilidade de mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis.

The scope of this study was to assess the degree of vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections of women who have sex with women. It involved a cross-sectional study of 150 women between 2015 and 2017. A structured questionnaire was applied, and a gynecological examination was performed to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and papillomavirus. Blood tests were conducted to detect HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis. The outcome variable was sexual infection and the independent variables comprised the vulnerability level in the individual, social and programmatic dimensions. Data analyses were performed through logistic regression. The results showed a high prevalence of infections (47.3%) and only variables of individual vulnerability were associated with the outcome. The incidence of infection was four times higher among women who had had prior infections. The fact of never having had a blood test tripled the chance of having sexually transmitted infections. The fact of also having sexual intercourse with men in the previous 12-month-period increased the risk of the outcome by a factor of approximately nine. The conclusion drawn is that these women are vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections due to their individual vulnerability.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as dimensões da vulnerabilidade de mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres associadas às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Estudo transversal com 150 mulheres, entre 2015-2017. Aplicou-se questionário estruturado, realizou-se exame ginecológico para diagnóstico de Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, papiloma vírus humano e coleta de sangue periférico para detecção de HIV, hepatite B e sífilis. A variável desfecho foi a ocorrência de infecção sexual e as variáveis independentes compõem o referencial da vulnerabilidade, nas dimensões individual, social e programática. Análise de dados foi realizada por modelo de regressão logística. Os resultados mostraram alta prevalência das infecções (47,3%) e apenas variáveis relacionadas à vulnerabilidade individual se associaram de forma independente ao desfecho: chance de infecção foi quatro vezes maior entre mulheres com antecedente de infecção; nunca ter realizado exame sorológico aumentou a chance em quase três vezes e ter tido relação sexual com homem nos últimos 12 meses aumentou em quase nove vezes a chance do desfecho. Concluiu-se que essas mulheres são vulneráveis às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em decorrência da vulnerabilidade individual.

System for reception and risk classification in obstetrics: a technical quality assessment.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the technical quality of a decision support system for reception and risk classification in obstetrics. METHOD: a methodological study of assessment of the system. 12 nurses and 11 information technology (IT) professionals were invited to evaluate the Obstetrics Reception and Risk Classification System (Sistema de Acolhimento e Classificação de Risco em Obstetrícia, SACR-O). Based on the standards of the International Organization for Standardization, the minimum number of evaluators and the characteristics to be evaluated were established: functional suitability, reliability, usability, performance efficiency, compatibility, safety, maintainability, and portability. The characteristics assessed should be given a ≥70% positive assessment to be considered suitable. RESULTS: the characteristics assessed by the nurses and the IT professionals, respectively, were considered adequate: Functional suitability (97% and 98%), Reliability (91% and 94%), Usability (89% and 93%), Performance efficiency (97% and 98%), Compatibility (93% and 100%), and System security (95% and 97%). Maintainability (87%) and Portability (97%) were also evaluated by IT professionals. CONCLUSION: the technical quality of the SACR-O system was considered excellent by nurses and IT professionals.

Validating a Nursing Assessment instrument in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a Nursing History instrument for a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, based on the Theory of Basic Human Needs. METHODS: Methodological study, developed between October 2018 and April 2019, based on the establishment of a theoretical-conceptual structure; construction of items and of the response scale; selection and organization of items; structuring the instrument; expert opinion; and content and appearance validation. RESULTS: The instrument was organized in three sequential and complementary stages. The first stage considered data collection; the second, the collection of additional information, like Psychobiological, Psychosocial and Psychospiritual Needs; and the third collected data related to a physical examination. The instrument had good internal consistency (0,75) and an agreement percentage equal to or greater than 0,83. CONCLUSION: The Nursing History instrument developed and validated here can be considered relevant and pertinent in terms of content, clarity, scope, and appearance.