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1.
Nature ; 590(7846): 492-497, 2021 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33505027

RESUMEN

Whole-genome doubling (WGD) is common in human cancers, occurring early in tumorigenesis and generating genetically unstable tetraploid cells that fuel tumour development1,2. Cells that undergo WGD (WGD+ cells) must adapt to accommodate their abnormal tetraploid state; however, the nature of these adaptations, and whether they confer vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically, is unclear. Here, using sequencing data from roughly 10,000 primary human cancer samples and essentiality data from approximately 600 cancer cell lines, we show that WGD gives rise to common genetic traits that are accompanied by unique vulnerabilities. We reveal that WGD+ cells are more dependent than WGD- cells on signalling from the spindle-assembly checkpoint, DNA-replication factors and proteasome function. We also identify KIF18A, which encodes a mitotic kinesin protein, as being specifically required for the viability of WGD+ cells. Although KIF18A is largely dispensable for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis in WGD- cells, its loss induces notable mitotic errors in WGD+ cells, ultimately impairing cell viability. Collectively, our results suggest new strategies for specifically targeting WGD+ cancer cells while sparing the normal, non-transformed WGD- cells that comprise human tissue.


Asunto(s)
Genoma Humano/genética , Mitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patología , Tetraploidía , Cariotipo Anormal/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Genes Letales/genética , Humanos , Cinesinas/deficiencia , Cinesinas/genética , Cinesinas/metabolismo , Puntos de Control de la Fase M del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Mitosis/genética , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal/metabolismo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Huso Acromático/efectos de los fármacos
2.
Osteoporos Int ; 2024 Jul 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38965121

RESUMEN

Our study examined associations of the CXC motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), a pro-inflammatory protein implicated in age-related inflammation, with musculoskeletal function in elderly men. We found in certain outcomes both cross-sectional and longitudinal significant associations of CXCL9 with poorer musculoskeletal function and increased mortality in older men. This requires further investigation. PURPOSE: We aim to determine the relationship of (CXCL9), a pro-inflammatory protein implicated in age-related inflammation, with both cross-sectional and longitudinal musculoskeletal outcomes and mortality in older men. METHODS: A random sample from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study cohort (N = 300) was chosen for study subjects that had attended the third and fourth clinic visits, and data was available for major musculoskeletal outcomes (6 m walking speed, chair stands), hip bone mineral density (BMD), major osteoporotic fracture, mortality, and serum inflammatory markers. Serum levels of CXCL9 were measured by ELISA, and the associations with musculoskeletal outcomes were assessed by linear regression and fractures and mortality with Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The mean CXCL9 level of study participants (79.1 ± 5.3 years) was 196.9 ± 135.2 pg/ml. There were significant differences for 6 m walking speed, chair stands, physical activity scores, and history of falls in the past year across the quartiles of CXCL9. However, higher CXCL9 was only significantly associated with changes in chair stands (ß = - 1.098, p < 0.001) even after adjustment for multiple covariates. No significant associations were observed between CXCL9 and major osteoporotic fracture or hip BMD changes. The risk of mortality increased with increasing CXCL9 (hazard ratio quartile (Q)4 vs Q1 1.98, 95% confidence interval 1.25-3.14; p for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Greater serum levels of CXCL9 were significantly associated with a decline in chair stands and increased mortality. Additional studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings.

3.
J Vasc Interv Radiol ; 34(2): 284-299.e7, 2023 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36375763

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To establish the updated position of the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) on the endovascular management of acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multidisciplinary writing group with expertise in treating venous diseases was convened by SIR. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies on the topic of interest. Recommendations were drafted and graded according to the updated SIR evidence grading system. A modified Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus agreement on the recommendation statements. RESULTS: A total of 84 studies, including randomized trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, prospective single-arm studies, and retrospective studies were identified and included in the review. The expert writing group developed 17 recommendations that pertain to the care of patients with acute iliofemoral DVT with the use of endovascular venous interventions. CONCLUSIONS: SIR considers endovascular thrombus removal to be an acceptable treatment option in selected patients with acute iliofemoral DVT. Careful individualized risk assessment, high-quality general DVT care, and close monitoring during and after procedures should be provided.


Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Endovasculares , Trombosis de la Vena , Humanos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/métodos , Vena Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Vena Ilíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Prospectivos , Radiología Intervencionista , Estudios Retrospectivos , Terapia Trombolítica , Resultado del Tratamiento , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombosis de la Vena/terapia
4.
J Vasc Interv Radiol ; 34(10): 1643-1657.e6, 2023 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37330211

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To state the position of the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) on the endovascular management of chronic iliofemoral venous obstruction with metallic stents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multidisciplinary writing group with expertise in treating venous disease was convened by SIR. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies on the topic of interest. Recommendations were drafted and graded according to the updated SIR evidence grading system. A modified Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus agreement on the recommendation statements. RESULTS: A total of 41 studies, including randomized trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, prospective single-arm studies, and retrospective studies were identified. The expert writing group developed 15 recommendations on the use of endovascular stent placement. CONCLUSIONS: SIR considers the use of endovascular stent placement for chronic iliofemoral venous obstruction to be likely to help selected patients, but the risks and benefits have not been fully quantified in well-designed randomized studies. SIR recommends urgent completion of such studies. In the meantime, careful patient selection and optimization of conservative therapy are recommended prior to stent placement, with attention to appropriate stent sizing and quality procedural technique. The use of multiplanar venography with intravascular ultrasound is suggested in diagnosing and characterizing obstructive iliac vein lesions and in guiding stent therapy. After stent placement, SIR recommends close patient follow-up to ensure optimal antithrombotic therapy, durable symptom response, and early identification of adverse events.


Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Endovasculares , Enfermedades Vasculares , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Prospectivos , Radiología Intervencionista , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vena Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Vasculares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Vasculares/terapia , Enfermedades Vasculares/etiología , Stents , Vena Ilíaca , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Grado de Desobstrucción Vascular
5.
J Synchrotron Radiat ; 29(Pt 6): 1454-1464, 2022 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36345754

RESUMEN

The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented. The experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at megahertz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector, are illustrated. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range.


Asunto(s)
Holografía , Rayos Láser , Rayos X , Radiografía
6.
J Vasc Interv Radiol ; 33(11): 1424-1431, 2022 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35842024

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To provide guidance on the use of anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents in pediatric patients undergoing interventional radiology procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multidisciplinary writing group conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies on the topic of interest. Recommendations were developed for procedural risk and medication dosage and withholding. A modified Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus agreement on the recommendations. RESULTS: A total of 24 studies, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective and retrospective cohort studies, were identified as relevant. The expert writing group agreed on procedural risk categorization, laboratory testing thresholds, and medication dosage and withholding recommendations specific to pediatric practice. They additionally described the nuances of anticoagulation in clinical conditions specific to pediatrics. CONCLUSIONS: The Society of Interventional Radiology recommends following the guidance provided in the document when developing multidisciplinary management protocols for anticoagulation and antithrombotic treatment in pediatric patients undergoing interventional radiology procedures.


Asunto(s)
Trombosis , Humanos , Niño , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Prospectivos , Trombosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombosis/etiología , Trombosis/prevención & control , Anticoagulantes , Consenso , Radiología Intervencionista
8.
Clin Infect Dis ; 73(6): e1290-e1295, 2021 09 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33768236

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: To achieve elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, limited resources can be best allocated through estimation of "care cascades" among groups disproportionately affected. In San Francisco and elsewhere, these groups include young (age ≤ 30 years) people who inject drugs (YPWID), men who have sex with men who inject drugs (MSM-IDU), and low-income trans women. METHODS: We developed cross-sectional HCV care cascades for YPWID, MSM-IDU, and trans women using diverse data sources. Population sizes were estimated using an inverse variance-weighted average of estimates from the peer-reviewed literature between 2013 and 2019. Proportions of past/current HCV infection, diagnosed infection, treatment initiation, and evidence of cure (sustained virologic response at 12 weeks posttreatment) were estimated from the literature using data from 7 programs and studies in San Francisco between 2015 and 2020. RESULTS: The estimated number of YPWID in San Francisco was 3748; 58.4% had past/current HCV infection, of whom 66.4% were diagnosed with current infection, 9.1% had initiated treatment, and 50% had confirmed cure. The corresponding figures for the 8135 estimated MSM-IDU were: 29.4% with past/current HCV infection, 70.3% diagnosed with current infection, 28.4% initiated treatment, and 38.9% with confirmed cure. For the estimated 951 low-income trans women, 24.8% had past/current HCV infection, 68.9% were diagnosed with current infection, 56.5% initiated treatment, and 75.5% had confirmed cure. CONCLUSIONS: In all 3 populations, diagnosis rates were relatively high; however, attention is needed to urgently increase treatment initiation in all groups, with a particular unmet need among YPWID.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH , Hepatitis C , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis C/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Homosexualidad Masculina , Humanos , Masculino , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/complicaciones , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/epidemiología
9.
J Vasc Interv Radiol ; 32(8): 1242.e1-1242.e10, 2021 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34000388

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To provide guidance on quality improvement thresholds for outcomes and complications of image-guided thermal ablation for the treatment of early stage non-small cell lung cancer, recurrent lung cancer, and metastatic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multidisciplinary writing group conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies on the topic of interest. Data were extracted from relevant studies and thresholds were derived from a calculation of 2 standard deviations from the weighted mean of each outcome. A modified Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus agreement on the thresholds. RESULTS: Data from 29 studies, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, retrospective cohort studies, and single-arm trials were extracted for calculation of the thresholds. The expert writing group agreed on thresholds for local control, overall survival and adverse events associated with image-guided thermal ablation. CONCLUSION: SIR recommends utilizing the indicator thresholds to review and assess the efficacy of ongoing quality improvement programs. When performance falls above or below specific thresholds, consideration of a review of policies and procedures to assess for potential causes, and to implement changes in practices, may be warranted.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Ablación por Catéter , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Humanos , Pulmón , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , Radiología Intervencionista , Estudios Retrospectivos
10.
J Vasc Interv Radiol ; 32(8): 1241.e1-1241.e12, 2021 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34332724

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To state the Society of Interventional Radiology's position on the use of image-guided thermal ablation for the treatment of early stage non-small cell lung cancer, recurrent lung cancer, and metastatic disease to the lung. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multidisciplinary writing group, with expertise in treating lung cancer, conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies on the topic of interest. Recommendations were drafted and graded according to the updated SIR evidence grading system. A modified Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus agreement on the recommendation statements. RESULTS: A total of 63 studies, including existing systematic reviews and meta-analysis, retrospective cohort studies, and single-arm trials were identified. The expert writing group developed and agreed on 7 recommendations on the use of image-guided thermal ablation in the lung. CONCLUSION: SIR considers image-guided thermal ablation to be an acceptable treatment option for patients with inoperable Stage I NSCLC, those with recurrent NSCLC, as well as patients with metastatic lung disease.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Ablación por Catéter , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Canadá , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Humanos , Pulmón , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Radiología Intervencionista , Estudios Retrospectivos
11.
BJU Int ; 126(3): 339-341, 2020 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32469096

RESUMEN

The sudden and unanticipated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) viral pandemic of 2020 and its profound impact on the NHS prompted an almost overnight change in the services we are able to offer our patients to fulfil clinical demands. From March 2020, we have changed outpatient appointments from face-to-face to telephone-led consultations. We have performed an early review of this service to ensure its sustainability during the unknown duration of this current crisis and to establish its potential utility when normal services resume in the future. Our present results show a patient satisfaction of 93%, with 83% happy to have telephone follow-up in the future, and a clinician satisfaction of 82% in the adequacy of the telephone consultation for making a clinical decision. Telephone clinics are a safe and efficient alternative to face-to-face outpatient consultations for many patients, particularly non-complex benign follow-ups.


Asunto(s)
Atención Ambulatoria/organización & administración , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Derivación y Consulta/organización & administración , Telemedicina/organización & administración , Servicio de Urología en Hospital/organización & administración , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/transmisión , Humanos , Satisfacción del Paciente , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/transmisión , Teléfono
12.
J Vasc Interv Radiol ; 31(10): 1529-1544, 2020 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32919823

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To provide evidence-based recommendations on the use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters in the treatment of patients with or at substantial risk of venous thromboembolic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multidisciplinary expert panel developed key questions to address in the guideline, and a systematic review of the literature was conducted. Evidence was graded based on a standard methodology, which was used to inform the development of recommendations. RESULTS: The systematic review identified a total of 34 studies that provided the evidence base for the guideline. The expert panel agreed on 18 recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Although the evidence on the use of IVC filters in patients with or at risk of venous thromboembolic disease varies in strength and quality, the panel provides recommendations for the use of IVC filters in a variety of clinical scenarios. Additional research is needed to optimize care for this patient population.


Asunto(s)
Implantación de Prótesis/instrumentación , Implantación de Prótesis/normas , Radiología Intervencionista/normas , Filtros de Vena Cava/normas , Tromboembolia Venosa/terapia , Consenso , Humanos , Seguridad del Paciente/normas , Diseño de Prótesis , Implantación de Prótesis/efectos adversos , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tromboembolia Venosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiología
14.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med ; 195(1): 120-133, 2017 01 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27762595

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Interventions that lead to earlier liberation from mechanical ventilation can improve patient outcomes. This guideline, a collaborative effort between the American Thoracic Society and the American College of Chest Physicians, provides evidence-based recommendations to optimize liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults. METHODS: Two methodologists performed evidence syntheses to summarize available evidence relevant to key questions about liberation from mechanical ventilation. The methodologists appraised the certainty in the evidence (i.e., the quality of evidence) using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach and summarized the results in evidence profiles. The guideline panel then formulated recommendations after considering the balance of desirable consequences (benefits) versus undesirable consequences (burdens, adverse effects, and costs), the certainty in the evidence, and the feasibility and acceptability of various interventions. Recommendations were rated as strong or conditional. RESULTS: The guideline panel made four conditional recommendations related to rehabilitation protocols, ventilator liberation protocols, and cuff leak tests. The recommendations were for acutely hospitalized adults mechanically ventilated for more than 24 hours to receive protocolized rehabilitation directed toward early mobilization, be managed with a ventilator liberation protocol, be assessed with a cuff leak test if they meet extubation criteria but are deemed high risk for postextubation stridor, and be administered systemic steroids for at least 4 hours before extubation if they fail the cuff leak test. CONCLUSIONS: The American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians recommendations are intended to support healthcare professionals in their decisions related to liberating critically ill adults from mechanical ventilation.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Respiración Artificial/normas , Desconexión del Ventilador/normas , Adulto , Protocolos Clínicos/normas , Enfermedad Crítica/rehabilitación , Humanos , Intubación Intratraqueal/normas
15.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med ; 195(1): 115-119, 2017 01 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27762608

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This clinical practice guideline addresses six questions related to liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults. It is the result of a collaborative effort between the American Thoracic Society and the American College of Chest Physicians. METHODS: A multidisciplinary panel posed six clinical questions in a Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcomes format. A comprehensive literature search and evidence synthesis was performed for each question, which included appraising the certainty in the evidence (i.e., the quality of evidence) using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. The Evidence-to-Decision framework was applied to each question, requiring the panel to evaluate and weigh the importance of the problem, the confidence in the evidence, the certainty about how much the public values the main outcomes, the magnitude and balance of desirable and undesirable outcomes, the resources and costs associated with the intervention, the impact on health disparities, and the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. RESULTS: Evidence-based recommendations were formulated and graded initially by subcommittees and then modified after full-panel discussions. The recommendations were confirmed by confidential electronic voting; approval required that at least 80% of the panel members agree with the recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: The panel provides recommendations regarding liberation from mechanical ventilation. The details regarding the evidence and rationale for each recommendation are presented in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Chest.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Respiración Artificial/normas , Desconexión del Ventilador/normas , Adulto , Protocolos Clínicos/normas , Enfermedad Crítica/rehabilitación , Ambulación Precoz/normas , Humanos , Ventilación no Invasiva/normas , Factores de Tiempo
16.
Eur Heart J ; 38(41): 3094-3104, 2017 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28444175

RESUMEN

AIMS: Experimental evidence suggests that telomere length (TL) is shortened by oxidative DNA damage, reflecting biological aging. We explore the value of blood (BTL) and vascular TL (VTL) as biomarkers of systemic/vascular oxidative stress in humans and test the clinical predictive value of BTL in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND RESULTS: In a prospective cohort of 290 patients surviving recent AMI, BTL measured on admission was a strong predictor of all-cause [hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 3.21 [1.46-7.06], P = 0.004] and cardiovascular mortality (HR [95% CI]: 3.96 [1.65-9.53], P = 0.002) 1 year after AMI (for comparisons of short vs. long BTL, as defined by a T/S ratio cut-off of 0.916, calculated using receiver operating characteristic analysis; P adjusted for age and other predictors). To explore the biological meaning of these findings, BTL was quantified in 727 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and superoxide (O2.-) was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). VTL/vascular O2.- were quantified in saphenous vein (SV) and mammary artery (IMA) segments. Patients were genotyped for functional genetic polymorphisms in P22ph°x (activating NADPH-oxidases) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) selected by genotype were cultured from vascular tissue. Short BTL was associated with high O2.- in PBMNC (P = 0.04) but not in vessels, whereas VTL was related to O2.- in IMA (ρ = -0.49, P = 0.004) and SV (ρ = -0.52, P = 0.01). Angiotensin II (AngII) incubation of VSMC (30 days), as a means of stimulating NADPH-oxidases, increased O2.- and reduced TL in carriers of the high-responsiveness P22ph°x alleles (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: BTL predicts cardiovascular outcomes post-AMI, independently of age, whereas VTL is a tissue-specific (rather than a global) biomarker of vascular oxidative stress. The lack of a strong association between BTL and VTL reveals the importance of systemic vs. vascular factors in determining clinical outcomes after AMI.


Asunto(s)
Infarto del Miocardio/mortalidad , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Telómero/fisiología , Anciano , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Masculino , Arterias Mamarias/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/genética , NADPH Oxidasas/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Vena Safena/metabolismo , Superóxidos/metabolismo
17.
Annu Rev Nutr ; 35: 349-87, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25974702

RESUMEN

This article summarizes current data and approaches to assess sodium intake in individuals and populations. A review of the literature on sodium excretion and intake estimation supports the continued use of 24-h urine collections for assessing population and individual sodium intake. Since 2000, 29 studies used urine biomarkers to estimate population sodium intake, primarily among adults. More than half used 24-h urine; the rest used a spot/casual, overnight, or 12-h specimen. Associations between individual sodium intake and health outcomes were investigated in 13 prospective cohort studies published since 2000. Only three included an indicator of long-term individual sodium intake, i.e., multiple 24-h urine specimens collected several days apart. Although not insurmountable, logistic challenges of 24-h urine collection remain a barrier for research on the relationship of sodium intake and chronic disease. Newer approaches, including modeling based on shorter collections, offer promise for estimating population sodium intake in some groups.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores/orina , Sodio en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Enfermedad Crónica , Clima , Estudios de Cohortes , Ambiente , Ejercicio Físico , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Electrodos de Iones Selectos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Natriuresis/fisiología , Potasio en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Estudios Prospectivos , Sodio/orina , Sodio en la Dieta/orina
20.
Dig Dis Sci ; 61(9): 2496-504, 2016 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27142669

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Surveillance colonoscopy frequently occurs prior to recommended intervals. Studies delineating the reasons why premature surveillance occurs are limited. We sought to define the frequency in which premature surveillance colonoscopy occurs in the setting of an inadequate bowel preparation or with a provided patient clinical indication versus when premature surveillance colonoscopy occurs without any provided discernible rationale in the setting of adequate bowel preparation. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional cohort study of 700 patients undergoing colonoscopy for an indication of "surveillance of polyps" from 2008 to 2014 at two tertiary-care referral centers was carried out. Patients were deemed either "adherent" or "premature" based on US Multi-Society Task Force guideline intervals for surveillance colonoscopy. A documented decision-making rationale for premature surveillance was determined through review of the electronic medical record with assessment of clinical notes and endoscopy order and report. RESULTS: Premature surveillance occurred in 43.0 % (n = 301) of all surveillance colonoscopies performed. Among the premature cases, rationale was attributed to inadequate bowel preparation in 17.3 % (n = 52) and due to a new clinical indication in 21.6 % (n = 65). Most commonly, in 61.1 % (n = 184) of premature cases, no rationale was documented for the early colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Documented decision-making rationale for premature surveillance colonoscopy is usually absent in premature cases with inadequate bowel preparation and new clinical indications explaining only a minority of the occurrences.


Asunto(s)
Adenoma/diagnóstico , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Pólipos del Colon/diagnóstico , Colonoscopía/normas , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/normas , Adhesión a Directriz , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Documentación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Factores de Tiempo
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