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1.
Cell Mol Neurobiol ; 43(1): 283-297, 2023 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35031909

RESUMEN

Astrocytes play multiple important roles in brain physiology. However, depending on the stimuli, astrocytes may exacerbate inflammatory reactions, contributing to the development and progression of neurological diseases. Therefore, therapies targeting astrocytes represent a promising area for the development of new brain drugs. Thiazolidinones are heterocyclic compounds that have a sulfur and nitrogen atom and a carbonyl group in the ring and represent a class of compounds of great scientific interest due to their pharmacological properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3-(3-(diethylamino)propyl)-2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)thiazolidin-4-one (DS27) on cell proliferation and morphology, oxidative stress parameters, activity of the enzymes ectonucleotidases and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in primary astrocyte cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to model neuroinflammation. The astrocyte culture was exposed to LPS (10 µg/ml) for 3 h and subsequently treated with compound DS27 for 24 and 48 h (concentrations ranging to 10-100 µM). LPS induced an increase in astrocyte proliferation, AChE activity, IL-6 levels, oxidative damage, ATP and ADP and a reduction in AMP hydrolysis in rat primary astrocyte cultures. DS27 treatment was effective in reversing these alterations induced by LPS. Our findings demonstrated that DS27 is able to modulate cholinergic and purinergic signaling, redox status, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced astrocyte damage. These glioprotective effects of DS27 may be very important for improving neuroinflammation, which is associated with many brain diseases.


Asunto(s)
Astrocitos , Lipopolisacáridos , Ratas , Animales , Astrocitos/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Nucleótidos de Adenina/efectos adversos , Interleucina-6 , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias , Hidrólisis , Estrés Oxidativo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Células Cultivadas
2.
Metab Brain Dis ; 38(1): 223-232, 2023 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36308587

RESUMEN

High levels of methionine (Met) and its metabolites, such as methionine sulfoxide (MetO), found in hypermethioninemia, can be detrimental to the body; however, the underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. Using a recently standardized protocol, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic administration of Met and/or MetO on parameters of oxidative damage in the total brain, liver, and kidney of young mice. Swiss male mice were subcutaneously injected with Met and MetO at concentrations of 0.35-1.2 g/kg body weight and 0.09-0.3 g/kg body weight, respectively, from the 10th-38th day post-birth, while the control group was treated with saline solution. Results showed that Met and/or MetO caused an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipoperoxidation, along with a reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the brain. In the liver, Met and/or MetO enhanced ROS and nitrite levels, and reduced SOD, CAT, and delta aminolevulinic dehydratase activities. The effects on the kidney were an increase in ROS production and SOD activity, and a reduction in thiol content and CAT activity. These data demonstrated the contribution of redox imbalance to the systemic changes found in patients with hypermethioninemia. In conclusion, our findings may help future studies to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypermethioninemia as well as contribute to the search for new therapeutic agents for this pathology.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Ratones , Masculino , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Catalasa/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Riñón/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Racemetionina/metabolismo , Racemetionina/farmacología , Peso Corporal
3.
Neurochem Res ; 47(6): 1541-1552, 2022 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35178643

RESUMEN

Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly aggressive and invasive brain tumor; its treatment remains palliative. Tannic acid (TA) is a polyphenol widely found in foods and possesses antitumor and neuroprotective activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TA on oxidative stress parameters and the activity of ectonucleotidases in the serum, platelets, and lymphocytes and/or in the brain of rats with preclinical GB. Rats with GB were treated intragastrically with TA (50 mg/kg/day) for 15 days or with a vehicle. In the platelets of the animals with glioma, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) hydrolysis and the catalase (CAT) activity decreased. Besides, the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) hydrolysis, adenosine (Ado) deamination, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrite levels were increased in glioma animals; however, TA reversed ROS and nitrite levels and AMP hydrolysis alterations. In lymphocytes from animals with glioma, the ATP and ADP hydrolysis, as well as Ado deamination were increased; TA treatment countered this increase. In the brain of the animals with glioma, the ROS, nitrite, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels increased and the thiol (SH) levels and CAT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were decreased; TA treatment decreased the ROS and TBARS levels and restored the SOD activity. In the serum of the animals with glioma, the ATP hydrolysis decreased; TA treatment restored this parameter. Additionally, the ROS levels increased and the SH and SOD activity decreased by glioma implant; TA treatment enhanced nitrite levels and reversed SOD activity. Altogether, our results suggest that TA is an important target in the treatment of GB, as it modulates purinergic and redox systems.


Asunto(s)
Glioblastoma , Adenosina/farmacología , Adenosina Difosfato/metabolismo , Adenosina Monofosfato/farmacología , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Nitritos , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Superóxido Dismutasa , Taninos/farmacología , Taninos/uso terapéutico , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico
4.
Metab Brain Dis ; 37(3): 835-847, 2022 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35043268

RESUMEN

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disease characterized by mood episodes. Blueberry is rich in bioactive compounds and shows excellent therapeutic potential against chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of blueberry extract on behavior, energetic metabolism, Ca2+-ATPase activity, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats submitted to an animal model of mania induced by ketamine. Vehicle, lithium (45 mg/kg, twice a day), or blueberry extract (200 mg/kg), was orally administered to Wistar rats for 14 days. Ketamine (25 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally, once a day, between the 8th and 14th day. On the 15th day, animals received ketamine or vehicle and were subjected to the open field test. Our results demonstrated that the administration of lithium and blueberry extract prevented ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion (P < 0.01). Blueberry extract attenuated the ketamine-induced reduction in the activity of complex I in the cerebral cortex (P < 0.05). Additionally, the administration of ketamine reduced the activities of complexes I and IV (P < 0.05) and citrate synthase in the hippocampus (P < 0.01). However, blueberry extract attenuated the inhibition in the activity of complex IV (P < 0.01). Furthermore, ketamine reduced the Ca2+-ATPase activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (P < 0.05); however, blueberry extract prevented the change in the cerebral cortex (P < 0.05). There were no significant alterations in the levels of BDNF (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this suggested that the blueberry extract can serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for studies searching for novel therapeutic alternatives for BD patients.


Asunto(s)
Arándanos Azules (Planta) , Ketamina , Adenosina Trifosfatasas/metabolismo , Animales , Conducta Animal , Arándanos Azules (Planta)/metabolismo , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Ketamina/farmacología , Manía , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
5.
Metab Brain Dis ; 37(2): 439-449, 2022 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34748129

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer potential of blueberry extract (Vaccinium virgatum) against a C6 rat glioma lineage. Cultures of the C6 cells were exposed to blueberry extract at concentrations of 50 to 600 µg/mL for 12, 24, 48, or 72 h and then evaluated for cell viability, proliferation, migration, colony formation and oxidative stress. We also evaluated the effects of blueberry extract on primary rat cortical astrocytes. Our results show that treatment with blueberry extract did not alter the viability or proliferation of normal primary astrocytes but it did significantly reduce the viability in 21.54 % after 48 h and proliferation in 8.59 % after 24 h of C6 cells at 200 µg/mL. We also observed a reduction in the size of the colonies of 29.99 % at 100 µg/mL when compared to the control cells and cell migration was also reduced at 50 µg/mL. After 72 h, there was a reduction in the reactive oxygen species levels ranging from 46.26 to 34.73 %, in addition to a 380.2 % increase in total thiol content. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activities were also enhanced when compared to the control. Taken together this data suggests that blueberry extract exerts some selective anticancer activity in C6 glioma cells.


Asunto(s)
Arándanos Azules (Planta) , Glioma , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Glioma/tratamiento farmacológico , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas
6.
Metab Brain Dis ; 37(6): 2053-2059, 2022 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35616801

RESUMEN

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-glioma activity of 3-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (AV23) in a preclinical model of glioblastoma, as well as behavioral parameters and toxicological profile. The implantation of C6 cells in the left striatum of male Wistar rats was performed by stereotaxic surgery. After recovery, animals were treated with vehicle (canola oil) or AV23 (10 mg/kg/day) intragastrically for 15 days. It was found that AV23 reduced tumor volume by 90%. Serum biochemical parameters such as triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine and total proteins were not changed; however, there was a slight increase in alanine aminotransferase. The compound AV23 reverted the hypoglycemia and the reduction in body weight caused by glioblastoma. Additionally, AV23 was able to revert the reduction of locomotion caused by the tumor implantation. Therefore, the compound AV23 can be considered a promising candidate in the treatment of glioblastoma.


Asunto(s)
Glioblastoma , Tiazolidinedionas , Animales , Glioblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Tiazolidinas
7.
Neurochem Res ; 45(9): 2032-2043, 2020 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32500408

RESUMEN

Depression is an emotional disorder that causes mental and physical changes, and has limited pharmacotherapy. Tannic acid (TA) is a polyphenol with previously described antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior, as well as oxidative stress parameters and TNF-α levels in the brains of mice. Animals were pretreated once daily, with TA (30 or 60 mg/kg), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) or vehicle for 7 days. On the 7th day, the animals received a single injection of LPS (830 µg/kg). After 24 h, open field, forced swimming, tail suspension, and splash tests were conducted. The endotoxin induced depressive-like behavior in these mice and this was attenuated by TA. In the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, LPS increased lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species production, and this was also prevented by TA administration. TA treatment also prevented a decrease in catalase activity within the striatum. Further, LPS administration caused increased levels of TNF-α in all brain structures, and this was prevented in the cortex by TA treatment. In conclusion, TA shows many neuroprotective properties, with demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effects in this animal model of acute depressive-like behavior. Therefore, this compound could provide an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of depression.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Taninos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Depresión/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Lipopolisacáridos , Masculino , Ratones , Prueba de Campo Abierto/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos
8.
J Cell Biochem ; 120(2): 2289-2303, 2019 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30216509

RESUMEN

We investigated acute and chronic effects administration of methionine (Met) and/or methionine sulfoxide (MetO) on ectonucleotidases and oxidative stress in platelets and serum of young rats. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, Met, MetO, and Met + MetO. In acute treatment, the animals received a single subcutaneous injection of amino acid(s) and were euthanized after 1 and 3 hours. In chronic protocol, Met and/or MetO were administered twice a day with an 8-hour interval from the 6th to the 28th day of life. Nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase and 5'-nucleotidase activities were reduced in platelets and serum by Met, MetO, and Met + MetO after 3 hours and 21 days. Adenosine deaminase activity reduced in platelets at 3 hours after MetO and Met + MetO administration and increased after 21 days in animals treated with Met + MetO. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities decreased in platelets in MetO and Met + MetO groups after 3 hours, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased in same groups. Catalase activity in platelets decreased in all experimental groups after chronic treatment. Met, MetO, and Met + MetO administration increased plasmatic ROS levels in acute and chronic protocols; glutathione S-transferase activity increased by MetO and Met + MetO administration at 3 hours, and ascorbic acid decreased in all experimental groups in acute and chronic protocols. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances increased, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities reduced in the Met and/or MetO groups at 3 hours and in chronic treatment. Our data demonstrated that Met and/or MetO induced changes in adenine nucleotide hydrolysis and redox status of platelets and serum, which can be associated with platelet dysfunction in hypermethioninemia.

9.
Cell Mol Neurobiol ; 39(6): 783-797, 2019 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31115733

RESUMEN

Among gliomas types, glioblastoma is considered the most malignant and the worst form of primary brain tumor. It is characterized by high infiltration rate and great angiogenic capacity. The presence of an inflammatory microenvironment contributes to chemo/radioresistance, resulting in poor prognosis for patients. Recent data show that thiazolidinones have a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antiglioma activities. Nanocapsules of biodegradable polymers become an alternative to cancer treatment since they provide targeted drug delivery and could overcome blood-brain barrier. Therefore, here we investigated the in vitro antiglioma activity and the potential in vivo toxicity of 2- (2-methoxyphenyl) -3- ((piperidin-1-yl) ethyl) thiazolidin-4-one-loaded polymeric nanocapsules (4L-N). Nanocapsules were prepared and characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH, molecule content and encapsulation efficiency. Treatment with 4L-N selectively decreased human U138MG and rat C6 cell lines viability and proliferation, being even more efficient than the free-form molecule (4L). In addition, 4L-N did not promote toxicity to primary astrocytes. We further demonstrated that the treatment with sub-therapeutic dose of 4L-N did not alter weight, neither resulted in mortality, toxicity or peripheral damage to Wistar rats. Finally, 4L as well as 4L-N did not alter makers of oxidative damage, such as TBARS levels and total sulfhydryl content, and did not change antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT activity in liver and brain of treated rats. Taken together, these data indicate that the nanoencapsulation of 4L has potentiated its antiglioma effect and does not cause in vivo toxicity.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Glioma/tratamiento farmacológico , Nanocápsulas/química , Piperidinas/toxicidad , Piperidinas/uso terapéutico , Polímeros/química , Tiazolidinas/toxicidad , Tiazolidinas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Astrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Astrocitos/metabolismo , Astrocitos/patología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/sangre , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Liberación de Fármacos , Glioma/sangre , Glioma/patología , Humanos , Luz , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Piperidinas/síntesis química , Piperidinas/química , Polímeros/síntesis química , Ratas Wistar , Tiazolidinas/síntesis química , Tiazolidinas/química , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Pruebas de Toxicidad , Pérdida de Peso/efectos de los fármacos
10.
Metab Brain Dis ; 34(2): 605-619, 2019 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30535659

RESUMEN

Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric disease characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Blueberries contain bioactive compounds with important pharmacological effects such as neuroprotective and antioxidant actions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of blueberry extract and/or lithium on oxidative stress, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Na+, K+-ATPase activity in an experimental ketamine-induced model of mania. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with vehicle, blueberry extract (200 mg/kg), and/or lithium (45 mg/kg or 22.5 mg/kg twice daily) for 14 days. Between the 8th and 14th days, the animals also received an injection of ketamine (25 mg/kg) or vehicle. On the 15th day the animals received a single injection of ketamine; after 30 min, the locomotor activity was evaluated in an open field test. Ketamine administration induced an increase in locomotor activity. In the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum, ketamine also induced an increase in reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels, as well a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity. Pretreatment with blueberry extract or lithium was able to prevent this change. Ketamine increased the AChE and Na+, K+-ATPase activity in brain structures, while the blueberry extract partially prevented these alterations. In addition, our results showed that the neuroprotective effect was not potentiated when lithium and blueberry extract treatment were given together. In conclusion, our findings suggest that blueberry extract has a neuroprotective effect against an experimental model of mania. However, more studies should be performed to evaluate its effects as an adjuvant therapy.


Asunto(s)
Antimaníacos/farmacología , Trastorno Bipolar/tratamiento farmacológico , Arándanos Azules (Planta) , Litio/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Locomoción/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Wistar , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/farmacología
11.
Nat Prod Res ; : 1-6, 2024 Mar 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38538563

RESUMEN

Phenolic compounds were extracted from biphasic olive pomace and their biological potential was characterised. Two different extracts were prepared, E1 (40% methanol) and E2 (80% methanol), both subjected to agitation (180 min) and 70 °C. LC-ESI-qTOF-MS was used for individual quantification of the extracted phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity was determined using different methods, including nitric oxide, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and hydroxyl radical. The enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase were used to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential and sulforhodamine B and MTT (tetrazolium salt) for antitumor activity. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the extracts, the disc diffusion technique was used. Among the phenolic compounds present, tyrosol was highlighted in both extracts, as well as the anti-hyperglycemic effects, antitumor action and antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial activity found in the extracts was considered moderate to weak.

12.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 267(Pt 1): 131433, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38583846

RESUMEN

Tannic acid (TA) exhibits low bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract, limiting its benefits due to small amounts reaching the CNS. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop zein capsules and fibers by electrospraying/electrospinning for encapsulation of TA. Polymeric solutions were evaluated by electrical conductivity, density, and viscosity. In zein capsules, up to 2 % TA was added, and in fibers, up to 1 % TA was added. Zein capsule and fiber with TA were evaluated by morphology, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, thermal and thermogravimetric properties, and functional groups. Zein capsule with 1.5 % TA was evaluated in astrocyte culture for cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity. TA zein capsules and fibers exhibited high encapsulation efficiency and homogeneous morphology. TA encapsulated in zein presented higher thermal stability than free TA. TA zein capsule did not present toxicity and elicited antioxidant action in lipopolysaccharide-induced astrocyte culture. Capsules and fibers were successfully produced by electrospraying/electrospinning techniques.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Astrocitos , Lipopolisacáridos , Polifenoles , Taninos , Zeína , Taninos/química , Taninos/farmacología , Astrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Astrocitos/metabolismo , Zeína/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Animales , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Células Cultivadas , Cápsulas
13.
Mol Neurobiol ; 2024 Mar 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38483655

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to investigate the antiglioma effect of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (CEC) leaves extract against C6 and U87 glioblastoma (GB) cells and in a rat preclinical GB model. The CEC extract reduced in vitro cell viability and biomass. In vivo, the extract decreased the tumor volume approximately 62%, without inducing systemic toxicity. The deficit in locomotion and memory and an anxiolytic-like behaviors induced in the GB model were minimized by CEC. The extract decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species, nitrites and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in platelets, sera and brains of GB animals. The activity of NTPDases, 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) was evaluated in lymphocytes, platelets and serum. In platelets, ATP and AMP hydrolysis was reduced and hydrolysis of ADP and the activity of ADA were increased in the control, while in CEC-treated animals no alteration in the hydrolysis of ADP was detected. In serum, the reduction in ATP hydrolysis was reversed by CEC. In lymphocytes, the increase in the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and in the activity of ADA observed in GB model was altered by CEC administration. The observed increase in IL-6 and decrease in IL-10 levels in the serum of GB animals was reversed by CEC. These results demonstrate that CEC extract is a potential complementary treatment to GB, decreasing the tumor size, while modulating aspects of redox and purinergic systems.

14.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol ; 195(7): 4011-4035, 2023 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36652091

RESUMEN

Endophytic fungi are important sources of anticancer compounds. An endophytic fungus was isolated from the medicinal plant Achyrocline satureioides, and molecularly identified as Biscogniauxia sp. (family Xylariaceae) based on partial nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer genomic region (GenBank Accession No. ON257911). The chemical characterization and cytotoxic properties of secondary metabolites produced by Biscogniauxia sp. were evaluated in a human melanoma cell line (A375). The fungus was grown in potato-dextrose liquid medium for 25 days, and the extracted compounds were subjected to solid-phase fractionation to obtain the purified FDCM fraction, for which the metabolites were elucidated via ultra-performance chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. In the present study, 17 secondary metabolites of Biscogniauxia sp., including nine polyketide derivatives, five terpenoids, and three isocoumarins, were putatively identified. This is the first study to report of the ability of Biscogniauxia sp. in the production of isocoumarin orthosporin; the terpenoids nigriterpene A and 10-xylariterpenoid; the polyketide derivatives daldinin C, 7'dechloro-5'-hydroxygriseofulvin, daldinone D, Sch-642305, curtachalasin A, cytochalasin E, epoxycytochalasins Z8, Z8 isomer, and Z17. Furthermore, this study has reported the biosynthesis of Sch-642305 by a Xylariaceae fungus for the first time. FDCM significantly reduced the viability and proliferation of human melanoma cells at half-maximal inhibitory concentrations ​​of 10.34 and 6.89 µg/mL, respectively, and induced late apoptosis/necrosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase after 72 h of treatment. Given its ability to produce unique metabolites with promising cytotoxic effects, Biscogniauxia sp. of A. satureioides may be a reservoir of compounds with important therapeutic applications.


Asunto(s)
Achyrocline , Antineoplásicos , Melanoma , Humanos , Achyrocline/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Línea Celular , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Hongos
15.
J Nutr Biochem ; 110: 109156, 2022 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36255060

RESUMEN

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest primary brain tumor in adults due to the high rate of relapse with current treatment. Therefore, the search for therapeutic alternatives is urgent. Gallic acid (GA), a potent natural antioxidant, has antitumor and modulatory actions on purinergic signaling. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of GA on the rat GBM (C6) cell line and on astrocyte culture and analyzed its role in regulating oxidative stress and purinergic enzymes involved in GBM proliferation. Cells were exposed to GA from 50 to 400 µM for 24 and/or 48 h. Next, the effect of GA was evaluated in the preclinical model of GBM. Wistar rats were treated with 50 or 100 mg/kg of GA for 15 days, and cerebral and systemic redox status and degradation of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides in circulating platelets, lymphocytes, and serum were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that GA has selective anti-glioma activity in vitro, without inducing cytotoxicity in astrocyte. Furthermore, GA prevented oxidative stress and changes in the hydrolysis of nucleotides in GBM cells. The anti-glioma effect was also observed in vivo, as GA reduced tumor volume by 90%. Interestingly, GA decreased the oxidative damage induced by a tumor in the brain, serum, and platelets, and, also prevented changes in the degradation of nucleotides and nucleosides in lymphocytes, platelets, and serum. These results indicate, for the first time, the therapeutic potential of GA in a preclinical model of GBM, whose effects may be related to its role in redox and purinergic modulation.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioblastoma , Glioma , Animales , Ratas , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Ácido Gálico/farmacología , Ácido Gálico/uso terapéutico , Ratas Wistar , Glioma/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Homeostasis , Nucleótidos/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral
16.
Med Chem ; 17(6): 601-610, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32242786

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) represent an important class of heterocyclic compounds that have versatile biological activities, including anticancer activity. Glioma is one of the most common primary brain tumors, and it is responsible for most of the deaths caused by primary brain tumors. In the present work, 2,4-thiazolidinediones were synthesized via a multicomponent microwave one-pot procedure. The cytotoxicity of compounds was analyzed in vitro using rat (C6) and mouse (GL261) glioblastoma cell lines and primary cultures of astrocytes. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to synthesize and characterize 2,4-thiazolidinediones and evaluate their antitumor activity. METHODS: TZDs were synthesized from three components: 2,4-thiazolidinedione, arene-aldehydes, and aryl chlorides. The reactions were carried out inside a microwave and monitored using thinlayer chromatography (TLC). Compounds were identified and characterized using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (CG-MS) and hydrogen (1H-NMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR). The antitumor activity was analyzed using the 3-(4,5- dimethyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction test, in which cell viability was verified in the primary cultures of astrocytes and in rat and mouse glioblastoma cells exposed to the synthesized compounds. The cytotoxicity of all derivatives was analyzed at the 100 µM concentration, both in astrocytes and in the mouse and rat glioblastoma cell lines. The compounds that showed the best results, 4CI and 4DI, were also tested at concentrations 25, 50, 100, 175, and 250 µM to obtain the IC50. RESULTS: Seventeen TZD derivatives were easily obtained through one-pot reactions in 40 minutes with yields ranging from 12% to 49%. All compounds were cytotoxic to both glioblastoma cell lines without being toxic to the astrocyte primary cell line at 100 µM, thus demonstrating a selective activity. Compounds 4CI and 4DI showed the best results in the C6 cells: IC50 of 28.51 µM and 54.26 µM, respectively. CONCLUSION: The compounds were not cytotoxic in astrocyte culture, demonstrating selectivity for malignant cells. Changes in both rings are important for anti-glioma activity in the cell lines tested. TZD 4CI had the best anti-glioma activity.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Glioma/patología , Tiazolidinedionas/síntesis química , Tiazolidinedionas/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Técnicas de Química Sintética , Ratones , Ratas , Tiazolidinedionas/química
17.
Int J Dev Neurosci ; 81(3): 285-289, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33606291

RESUMEN

Hypermethioninemia is characterized by high plasma concentrations of methionine (Met) and its metabolites, such as methionine sulfoxide (MetO), and neurological changes, such as cerebral edema and cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to analyze the redox status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum of young Wistar rats subjected to an acute hypermethioninemia protocol. The animals received, by subcutaneous injection, a single dose of Met (0.4 g/kg), MetO (0.1 g/kg), and Met + MetO, and 1 or 3 hr after administration, the animals were euthanatized for brain structure obtaining. In the hippocampus, an increase in lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was observed at 1 hr in the MetO and Met + MetO groups, and a reduction in the superoxide dismutase activity was found in the Met + MetO group. Met and/or MetO induced a decrease in the thiol content and GPx activity and enhanced the lipid peroxidation at 3 hr. In the striatum, a reduction in the thiol content and GPx activity, an increase in lipid peroxidation, and AChE activity were induced by Met and/or MetO at 1 or 3 hr. Additionally, in the cerebellum, an increase in the AChE in the MetO and Met + MetO groups 1 hr after administration was observed. These data help to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the neurological changes found in hypermethioninemia patients.


Asunto(s)
Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Errores Innatos del Metabolismo de los Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Cuerpo Estriado/metabolismo , Glicina N-Metiltransferasa/deficiencia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Animales , Glicina N-Metiltransferasa/metabolismo , Homeostasis/fisiología , Peroxidación de Lípido/fisiología , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa-1/metabolismo
18.
Int J Dev Neurosci ; 81(2): 167-178, 2021 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33394512

RESUMEN

Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of depression and mania, and oxidative stress has been associated with the observed neurochemical changes in this disease. We evaluated the effects of gallic acid on hyperlocomotion, acetylcholinesterase activity, and oxidative stress in an animal model of ketamine-induced mania. Rats were pretreated orally with vehicle, gallic acid (50 or 100 mg/kg), or lithium (45 mg/kg twice a day) for 14 days. Between days 8 and 14, the animals also received ketamine (25 mg/kg) or saline daily. On the 15th day, hyperlocomotion was assessed, following which the animals were euthanized, and brains were collected. Results showed that ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion and caused oxidative damage by increasing reactive oxygen species levels, lipid peroxidation, and nitrite levels, and decreasing the total thiol content and the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the brain. Pretreatment with gallic acid and lithium prevented hyperlocomotion and brain oxidative damage. Further, ketamine increased the acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and striatum, whereas gallic acid and lithium ameliorated this alteration. Thus, gallic acid may provide effective protection against manic-like behavior by reducing oxidative stress and preventing cholinergic signaling dysfunction in the brain regions involved in emotion regulation.


Asunto(s)
Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Cuerpo Estriado/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Gálico/uso terapéutico , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Litio/uso terapéutico , Manía/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Cuerpo Estriado/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ácido Gálico/farmacología , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Litio/farmacología , Masculino , Manía/metabolismo , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo
19.
Cell Biochem Biophys ; 79(4): 873-885, 2021 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34176101

RESUMEN

Astrocytes play an important role in the central nervous system function and may contribute to brain plasticity response during static magnetic fields (SMF) brain therapy. However, most studies evaluate SMF stimulation in brain plasticity while few studies evaluate the consequences of SMF at the cellular level. Thus, we here evaluate the effects of SMF at 305 mT (medium-intensity) in a primary culture of healthy/normal cortical astrocytes obtained from neonatal (1 to 2-day-old) Wistar rats. After reaching confluence, cells were daily subjected to SMF stimulation for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, and 40 min during 7 consecutive days. Oxidative stress parameters, cell cycle, cell viability, and mitochondrial function were analyzed. The antioxidant capacity was reduced in groups stimulated for 5 and 40 min. Although no difference was observed in the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase or the total thiol content, lipid peroxidation was increased in all stimulated groups. The cell cycle was changed after 40 min of SMF stimulation while 15, 30, and 40 min led cells to death by necrosis. Mitochondrial function was reduced after SMF stimulation, although imaging analysis did not reveal substantial changes in the mitochondrial network. Results mainly revealed that SMF compromised healthy astrocytes' oxidative status and viability. This finding reveals how important is to understand the SMF stimulation at the cellular level since this therapeutic approach has been largely used against neurological and psychiatric diseases.


Asunto(s)
Astrocitos , Supervivencia Celular
20.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 192: 111020, 2020 Apr 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32339867

RESUMEN

Gliomas, intracranial malignant tumors, are aggressive, asymptomatic and difficult to treat due to their degree of infiltration, alternatives are needed to treat the disease. In this sense, natural compounds from the specialized metabolism of plants can act to control the disease. Glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, present in broccoli, have a potential to promote tumor cell death, however due to the low stability of these compounds, encapsulation becomes an alternative for their preservation. The objective was to encapsulate the broccoli extract by electrospraying and to evaluate its cytotoxicity in the primary cell culture of astrocytes and gliomas. The capsules were produced and characterized by encapsulation efficiency, functional groups, thermal stability and morphology, the capsule that presented the best parameters was used for the evaluation of cell cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Capsules with equal or less than 50 % extract showed high encapsulation efficiency, high thermal stability and uniform morphology due to non-saturation of the active zein sites, which allowed a complete encapsulation of the added extract, as well as a greater protection of the compounds. The capsule with 50 % of the extract showed good results of the efficiency, morphology and thermal stability and was used to evaluate the antitumor activity, since the addition of extract in proportions greater than 60 % promoted saturation of the active sites and lower encapsulation efficiency, and directly affects the morphology and thermal stability. The encapsulated and unencapsulated extracts showed strong selective antitumor effect against glial tumor cells without toxicity to non-tumor cells.

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