The effect of simulated microgravity on hybridoma cells.

The effect of clinostat-simulated microgravity on SP-2/0 and 1D6 hybridoma cells was studied. Clinorotation during 4-5 days at 1.5 rounds per minute decreased dramatically their proliferating capacity: the rotated cells divided less than once while control cells performed 4-5 divisions. They decreased the non-specific adhesion to tissue culture plastic, but increased the number of cell-to-cell contacts. Such phenomenological changes were accompanied with the alterations in pericellular glycosaminoglycans: decreased accumulation of hyaluronic acid and increased accumulation of chondroitin/dermatan-sulfate, as well as with the increase of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. Clinorotation resulted in hybridoma nicotinic receptor desensitization but not down-regulation. In contrast, both the quantity and quality (molecular isoforms, affinity and specificity) of the antibody produced by 1D6 hybridoma cells were not altered by clinorotation. It is concluded that simulated microgravity affected the proliferating and adhesive, but not biosynthetic properties of hybridoma cells.

Selective adsorption of silver(I) ions over copper(II) ions on a sulfoethyl derivative of chitosan.

This study presents a simple and effective method of preparation of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan (NSE-chitosan) that allows obtaining a product with a degree of modification up to 1.0. The chemical structure of the obtained polymers was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. Cross-linking of N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosans by glutaraldehyde allows preparation of sorbents for removal and concentration of metal ions. Capacity of sorbents towards hydroxide ions was determined depending on the degree of sulfoethylation under static and dynamic conditions. Dissociation constants of functional amino groups of the analyzed sorbents were determined by potentiometric titration. It was shown that basicity of the amino groups decreased (wherein pKa decreased from 6.53 to 5.67) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation. It explains the significant influence of sulfo groups on selectivity of sorption of metal ions on N-(2-sulfoethyl) chitosan-based sorbents. The investigated substances selectively remove copper(II) and silver(I) ions from solutions of complex composition. Wherein the selectivity coefficient KAg/Cu increased to 20 (pH 6.5, ammonium acetate buffer solution) with increase in degree of sulfoethylation of the sorbent up to 1.0.

Simple synthesis and chelation capacity of N-(2-sulfoethyl)chitosan, a taurine derivative.

This study presents a simple and effective synthesis method of N-(2-sulfoethyl)chitosan (NSE-chitosan) via a reaction between sodium 2-bromoethanesulfonate and chitosan that allows polymer transformation without using additional reagents and organic solvents. The chemical structure of the obtained NSE-chitosan was characterized by FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectroscopies. Thermogravimetric study of NSE-chitosan coupled with FT-IR analysis has shown stability of the polymer up to 200 °C, which almost does not change with the increase of degree of substitution (DS). The sorption of transition and alkaline earth metal ions from multicomponent solutions on NSE-chitosan was investigated. The synthesized sorbents showed the selective recovery of silver(I) and copper(II) ions from ammonium acetate buffer solution. The increase of DS enhanced the selectivity to silver(I) ions sorption in comparison with copper(II) ions. Selectivity coefficients K(Ag/Cu) increase from 1.3 to 10.9 with DS increasing up to 0.7 (ammonium acetate buffer solution, pH 6.5). Sorption isotherms of transition metal ions on NSE-chitosan with DS = 0.5 have been fitted using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson models. The maximum sorption capacities of sorbent in ammonium acetate buffer solution at pH 6.0 were 1.72 mmol/g for Cu(II), 1.23 mmol/g for Ag(I) and below 0.5 mmol/g for Co(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Mn(II) and Ni(II) ions.