Optimal allocation of Red List assessments to guide conservation of biodiversity in a rapidly changing world.

The IUCN Red List is the most extensive source of conservation status assessments for species worldwide, but important gaps in coverage remain. Here, we demonstrate the use of a spatial prioritization approach to efficiently prioritize species assessments to achieve increased and up-to-date coverage efficiently. We focus on freshwater fishes, which constitute a significant portion of vertebrate diversity, although comprehensive assessments are available for only 46% of species. We used marxan to identify ecoregions for future assessments that maximize the coverage of species while accounting for anthropogenic stress. We identified a set of priority regions that would help assess one-third (ca 4000 species) of all freshwater fishes in need of assessment by 2020. Such assessments could be achieved without increasing current investment levels. Our approach is suitable for any taxon and can help ensure that species threat assessments are sufficiently complete to guide global conservation efforts in a rapidly changing world.

[Self-reported morbidity by riverbank dwellers from Porto Rico, PR, Brasil]. / Morbidade referida por moradores ribeirinhos de Porto Rico, PR, Brasil.

PURPOSE: To investigate the self-reported morbidity rate of riverbank dwellers from Porto Rico, PR, Brazil. METHODS: The case study compared the self-reported morbidity of two groups of residents. The sample consisted of 63 individuals of the three affordable housing complexes of that municipality. Information was collected through home surveys, during the months of June 2005 and January 2006. RESULTS: Most interviewed subjects had a positive perception of their health. The main health problems recalled were associated with arterial hypertension, nervous system conditions, depression, heart and respiratory problems and assorted infections. Alcohol was mentioned more often by group B and tobacco by group A. CONCLUSION: Health education, with emphasis on adopting healthy life habits helps in facing adverse health situations and promotes health.

Returns on investment in watershed conservation: Application of a best practices analytical framework to the Rio Camboriú Water Producer program, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Watershed management may have widespread potential to cost-effectively deliver hydrologic services. Mobilizing the needed investments requires credible assessments of how watershed conservation compares to conventional solutions on cost and effectiveness, utilizing an integrated analytical framework that links the bio-, litho-, hydro- and economic spheres and uses counterfactuals. We apply such a framework to a payment for watershed services (PWS) program in Camboriú, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Using 1 m resolution satellite imagery, we assess recent land use and land cover (LULC) change and apply the Land Change Modeler tool to predict future LULC without the PWS program. We use current and predicted counterfactual LULC, site costs and a Soil and Water Assessment Tool model calibrated to the watershed to both target watershed interventions for sediment reduction and predict program impact on total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations at the municipal water intake-the principal program objective. Using local water treatment and PWS program costs, we estimate the return on investment (ROI; benefit/costs) of the program. Program ROI exceeds 1 for the municipal water utility in year 44, well within common drinking water infrastructure planning horizons. Because some program costs are borne by third parties, over that same period, for overall (social) program ROI to exceed 1 requires delivery of very modest flood and supply risk reduction and biodiversity co-benefits, making co-benefits crucial for social program justification. Transaction costs account for half of total program costs, a result of large investments in efficient targeting and program sustainability. Co-benefits justify increased cost sharing with other beneficiaries, which would increase ROI for the utility, demonstrating the sensitivity of the business case for watershed conservation to its broader social-economic case and the ability to forge institutional arrangements to internalize third-party benefits.

[The absenteeism-disease of a nursing team in an intensive care unit]. / Absenteísmo-doença da equipe de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva.

This study aimed at investigating the absenteeism disease in an Adult-ICU. The descriptive-exploratory study was carried out with 56 nurses who worked in the ICU in 2006. The frequency (fi)rate and the wasted-time percentage for the absenteeism disease were calculated. Most of the nurses are female (76.79%), between 30 and 39 years old (42.86%), and with a statutory bond (66.07%). The average of the missed workdays was higher in medium nursing workers (2.93), female (3.19), with a short-period bond (4.37), and from the night shift (6.22). The fi average of the team was 0.27 and the Wtp was 1.76%. The absenteeism disease was considered high and thus more studies are necessary in order to find its causes.

Opportunities for natural infrastructure to improve urban water security in Latin America.

Governments, development banks, corporations, and nonprofits are increasingly considering the potential contribution of watershed conservation activities to secure clean water for cities and to reduce flood risk. These organizations, however, often lack decision-relevant, initial screening information across multiple cities to identify which specific city-watershed combinations present not only water-related risks but also potentially attractive opportunities for mitigation via natural infrastructure approaches. To address this need, this paper presents a novel methodology for a continental assessment of the potential for watershed conservation activities to improve surface drinking water quality and mitigate riverine and stormwater flood risks in 70 major cities across Latin America. We used publicly available geospatial data to analyze 887 associated watersheds. Water quality metrics assessed the potential for agricultural practices, afforestation, riparian buffers, and forest conservation to mitigate sediment and phosphorus loads. Flood reduction metrics analyzed the role of increasing infiltration, restoring riparian wetlands, and reducing connected impervious surface to mitigate riverine and stormwater floods for exposed urban populations. Cities were then categorized based on relative opportunity potential to reduce identified risks through watershed conservation activities. We find high opportunities for watershed activities to mitigate at least one of the risks in 42 cities, potentially benefiting 96 million people or around 60% of the urbanites living in the 70 largest cities in Latin America. We estimate water quality could be improved for 72 million people in 27 cities, riverine flood risk mitigated for 5 million people in 13 cities, and stormwater flooding mitigated for 44 million people in 14 cities. We identified five cities with the potential to simultaneously enhance water quality and mitigate flood risks, and in contrast, six cities where conservation efforts are unlikely to meaningfully mitigate either risk. Institutions investing in natural infrastructure to improve water security in Latin America can maximize their impact by focusing on specific watershed conservation activities either for cleaner drinking water or flood mitigation in cities identified in our analysis where these interventions are most likely to reduce risk.

Goliath catfish spawning in the far western Amazon confirmed by the distribution of mature adults, drifting larvae and migrating juveniles.

We mapped the inferred long-distance migrations of four species of Amazonian goliath catfishes (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii, B. platynemum, B. juruense and B. vaillantii) based on the presence of individuals with mature gonads and conducted statistical analysis of the expected long-distance downstream migrations of their larvae and juveniles. By linking the distribution of larval, juvenile and mature adult size classes across the Amazon, the results showed: (i) that the main spawning regions of these goliath catfish species are in the western Amazon; (ii) at least three species-B. rousseauxii, B. platynemum, and B. juruense-spawn partially or mainly as far upstream as the Andes; (iii) the main spawning area of B. rousseauxii is in or near the Andes; and (iv) the life history migration distances of B. rousseauxii are the longest strictly freshwater fish migrations in the world. These results provide an empirical baseline for tagging experiments, life histories extrapolated from otolith microchemistry interpretations and other methods to establish goliath catfish migratory routes, their seasonal timing and possible return (homing) to western headwater tributaries where they were born.

Using community phylogenetics to assess phylogenetic structure in the Fitzcarrald region of Western Amazonia

Here we explore the use of community phylogenetics as a tool to document patterns of biodiversity in the Fitzcarrald region, a remote area in Southwestern Amazonia. For these analyses, we subdivide the region into basin-wide assemblages encompassing the headwaters of four Amazonian tributaries (Urubamba, Yuruá, Purús and Las Piedras basins), and habitat types: river channels, terra firme (non-floodplain) streams, and floodplain lakes. We present a robust, well-documented collection of fishes from the region including 272 species collected from 132 field sites over 63 field days and four years, comprising the most extensive collection of fishes from this region to date. We conduct a preliminary community phylogenetic analysis based on this collection and recover results largely statistically indistinguishable from the random expectation, with only a few instances of phylogenetic structure. Based on these results, and of those published in other recent biogeographic studies, we conclude that the Fitzcarrald fish species pool accumulated over a period of several million years, plausibly as a result of dispersal from the larger species pool of Greater Amazonia.(AU)

Aquí exploramos el uso de la filogenética de comunidades como herramienta para documentar patrones de biodiversidad en la región de Fitzcarrald, un área remota en el suroeste de la Amazonía. Para estos análisis subdividimos la región en grupos de toda la cuenca que abarcan las cabeceras de cuatro tributarios del Amazonas (cuencas Urubamba, Yuruá, Purús y Las Piedras) y en los tipos de hábitat: canales fluviales, arroyos de tierra firme (sin planicie aluvial) y lagos de planicie aluvial. Presentamos una colección de peces robusta y bien documentada que incluye 272 especies, colectadas a lo largo de cuatro años y 63 días de campo, en 132 puntos de monitoreo. Convirtiéndose en la colección más extensa de peces de esta región hasta la fecha. Realizamos un análisis filogenético preliminar de la comunidad basado en esta recopilación y recuperamos resultados en gran medida estadísticamente indistinguibles de la expectativa aleatoria, con sólo unos pocos casos de estructura filogenética. Basándonos en estos resultados y los publicados en otros estudios biogeográficos recientes, concluimos que el grupo de especies de peces de Fitzcarrald acumulado durante un período de varios millones de años, se debe posiblemente al resultado de la dispersión del mayor grupo de especies de la Gran Amazonia.(AU)

[Motivation on plaque control and gingival bleeding in school children]. / Motivação no controle do biofilme dental e sangramento gengival em escolares.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of two pedagogical motivational approaches for plaque and gingival bleeding control among 135 students of local public schools in Santa Tereza, Brazil, in 1999 The motivational program consisted of different educational strategies offered to two distinct groups: Group A, who attended only one explanatory session about oral hygiene, and Group B, who attended a total of four pedagogical sessions. In order to evaluate the methodology applied, the visible plaque index (according to Ainamo & Bay, 1975) and gingival bleeding index (according to L e and Silness, 1963) were calculated. A highly statistically significant reduction in the visible plaque index and gingival bleeding index was observed in both groups after the educational sessions (p<0.001). Moreover, a higher reduction in the gingival bleeding index and an even more accentuated decrease in the visible plaque index was found in group B when compared to group A (p<0.001). In conclusion, the motivational reinforcement in educational and preventive programs has a positive effect for the reduction and control of gingival bleeding and bacterial plaque.

Phylogenetic relationships of the family Tarumaniidae (Characiformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data

Characiformes is an order of freshwater fishes that includes many commercially important and emblematic species from South America and Africa, such as the popular piranhas, hatchetfishes, African tiger fishes and tetras. The order is split into two suborders with a total of 24 families, 282 genera and ca. 2,100 species. Here, we present an expanded phylogeny of characiform fishes, including data for 520 species and three genes (12S, 16S and RAG1), and the recently described family Tarumaniidae, which has not been examined by previous molecular analysis. Although our genetic coverage is limited to three gene fragments, the tree inferred based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference supports the monophyly of all characiform families and is largely congruent with results from recent studies that sampled less taxa but more genes. Also in agreement with a morphological hypothesis, our results strongly support the sister-group relationships between the family Tarumaniidae and Erythrinidae. Based on our results and that of the other molecular analyses, we propose a revised circumscription of the superfamily Erythrinoidea to include the families Tarumaniidae and Erythrinidae only.(AU)

Characiformes es un orden de peces de agua dulce que incluye un gran numero de especies emblemáticas y de importancia comercial en Sur América y África como lo son las populares pirañas, los peces voladores, los peces tigre de África y los tetras. El orden se divide en dos subórdenes con un total de 24 familias, 282 géneros y cerca de 2100 especies. Aquí, presentamos una filogenia expandida de Characiformes, que incluye datos de 520 especies, tres genes (12S, 16S y RAG1) y la recientemente descrita familia Tarumaniidae, la cual no ha sido examinada en previos análisis moleculares. Aunque nuestra cobertura genética esta limitada a tres genes, el árbol inferido basado en máxima verosimilitud e inferencia bayesiana apoya la monófila de todas las familias de Characiformes y es en gran medida congruente con los resultados de estudios recientes que examinaron menos especies pero más genes. También de acuerdo con una hipótesis morfológica, nuestros resultados apoyan firmemente las relaciones de grupos hermanos entre las familias Tarumaniidae y Erythrinidae. Con base en nuestros resultados y el de otros estudios moleculares, proponemos una circunscripción revisada de la superfamilia Erythrinoidea que incluye solo a las familias Tarumaniidae y Erythrinidae.(AU)

Aquatic Biodiversity in the Amazon: Habitat Specialization and Geographic Isolation Promote Species Richness.

The Neotropical freshwater ichthyofauna has among the highest species richness and density of any vertebrate fauna on Earth, with more than 5,600 species compressed into less than 12% of the world's land surface area, and less than 0.002% of the world's total liquid water supply. How have so many species come to co-exist in such a small amount of total habitat space? Here we report results of an aquatic faunal survey of the Fitzcarrald region in southeastern Peru, an area of low-elevation upland (200-500 m above sea level) rainforest in the Western Amazon, that straddles the headwaters of four large Amazonian tributaries; the Juruá (Yurúa), Ucayali, Purús, and Madre de Dios rivers. All measures of fish species diversity in this region are high; there is high alpha diversity with many species coexisting in the same locality, high beta diversity with high turnover between habitats, and high gamma diversity with high turnover between adjacent tributary basins. Current data show little species endemism, and no known examples of sympatric sister species, within the Fitzcarrald region, suggesting a lack of localized or recent adaptive divergences. These results support the hypothesis that the fish species of the Fitzcarrald region are relatively ancient, predating the Late Miocene-Pliocene (c. 4 Ma) uplift that isolated its several headwater basins. The results also suggest that habitat specialization (phylogenetic niche conservatism) and geographic isolation (dispersal limitation) have contributed to the maintenance of high species richness in this region of the Amazon Basin.

The profile of Dentistry students at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and expectations regarding the profession, 2010-2011 / O perfil do formando em Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e expectativas quanto à profissão, 2010-2011

OBJECTIVE: We analyze the socio-demographic profile of the dentistry graduates at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010-2011, the reasons which led them to choose Dentistry, appreciation for the course, as well as job prospects and Graduate studies. METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational study Dentistry graduates, classes of 2010-2/ 2011-1 (n=76, 90.5% response rate). Data collection took place through the giving of a structured and anonymous pre-tested questionnaire. Results were grouped in tables and graphs by means of the distribution of the frequency of variables studied (descriptive analysis), with the assistance of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 17.0. This Study was approved by the Committee on Ethics in Research of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (18249). RESULTS: The classes of 2010-2/ 2011-1 Dentistry Graduates of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, were, in their majority, women, young, single, childless, natives of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, with a monthly salary income of 10 to 20 minimum salaries and without the presence of dentists in the family. More than 90% of these students were satisfied with the choice of Dentistry. They opted for the course especially due to personal as well as professional success, followed by security and peace of mind and financial comfort. The great part of the students evaluated the course as good or excellent. They intend, as a majority, to work in ...

OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil sociodemográfico dos formandos em Odontologia na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010-2011, os motivos que os levaram a optar pela Odontologia, satisfação com o curso, bem como perspectivas de trabalho e de pós-graduação. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal observacional com formandos em Odontologia, turmas 2010-2/ 2011-1 (n=76, taxa de resposta 90,5%). Coleta de dados aconteceu pela aplicação de questionário pré-testado, estruturado e anônimo. Resultados foram agrupados em tabelas e gráficos por meio da distribuição de frequência das variáveis investigadas (análise descritiva), com auxílio do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) para Windows versão 17.0. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (18249). RESULTADOS: Os formandos em Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, turmas 2010-2/2011-1, eram, em sua maioria, mulheres, jovens, solteiros, sem filhos, naturais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com renda familiar mensal de 10 a 20 salários mínimos e sem a presença de dentistas na família. Mais de 90% desses estudantes estavam satisfeitos com a opção pela Odontologia. Optaram pelo curso especialmente pela realização pessoal e profissional, seguida pela segurança e tranquilidade no futuro, posição social e conforto financeiro. ...

Ideais e alteridade em uma pesquisa sobre a relação dos jovens com o saber / Ideals and alterity in a research about the relationship between young people and knowledge / Ideales y alteridad en una investigación sobre la relación de los jóvenes con el saber

Em uma investigação sobre o abandono escolar no ensino secundário espanhol a partir da relação dos jovens com o saber, entrevistamos de forma semiaberta tanto jovens considerados de êxito quanto de fracasso pela escola. Nos relatos construídos conjuntamente com eles, são explicitadas os vínculos estabelecidos entre jovens e pesquisadores como também as dos pesquisadores entre si. Este artigo discute o lugar do Outro ocupado pelo grupo de pesquisadores e pelos jovens para cada pesquisador. Também debatemos o papel dos ideais dos pesquisadores nessas relações.

In a research about Spanish secondary school's dropout considering the relationship between young people and knowledge, we interviewed both young people considered as successful or as a failure by the school in a semi-open manner. In the narrations written along with the young people, the relationships between them and the researchers were made explicit as well as the ones between the researchers themselves. This paper discusses the place of the Other for each researcher occupied by the researchers' group and by the young people. We also debate the role of the researchers' ideals in these relationships.

En una investigación sobre el abandono escolar en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria española a partir de la relación de los jóvenes con el saber, entrevistamos de forma semiabierta tanto a jóvenes considerados de éxito como de fracaso por la escuela. En los relatos construidos conjuntamente con ellos se explicitan las relaciones establecidas entre jóvenes e investigadores así como la de los investigadores entre sí. Este artículo discute el lugar del Otro ocupado por el grupo de investigadores y por los jóvenes para cada investigador. También debatimos el papel de los ideales de los investigadores en esas relaciones.

Ideais e alteridade em uma pesquisa sobre a relação dos jovens com o saber / Ideals and alterity in a research about the relationship between young people and knowledge / Ideales y alteridad en una investigación sobre la relación de los jóvenes con el saber

Em uma investigação sobre o abandono escolar no ensino secundário espanhol a partir da relação dos jovens com o saber, entrevistamos de forma semiaberta tanto jovens considerados de êxito quanto de fracasso pela escola. Nos relatos construídos conjuntamente com eles, são explicitadas os vínculos estabelecidos entre jovens e pesquisadores como também as dos pesquisadores entre si. Este artigo discute o lugar do Outro ocupado pelo grupo de pesquisadores e pelos jovens para cada pesquisador. Também debatemos o papel dos ideais dos pesquisadores nessas relações.(AU)

In a research about Spanish secondary school's dropout considering the relationship between young people and knowledge, we interviewed both young people considered as successful or as a failure by the school in a semi-open manner. In the narrations written along with the young people, the relationships between them and the researchers were made explicit as well as the ones between the researchers themselves. This paper discusses the place of the Other for each researcher occupied by the researchers' group and by the young people. We also debate the role of the researchers' ideals in these relationships.(AU)

En una investigación sobre el abandono escolar en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria española a partir de la relación de los jóvenes con el saber, entrevistamos de forma semiabierta tanto a jóvenes considerados de éxito como de fracaso por la escuela. En los relatos construidos conjuntamente con ellos se explicitan las relaciones establecidas entre jóvenes e investigadores así como la de los investigadores entre sí. Este artículo discute el lugar del Otro ocupado por el grupo de investigadores y por los jóvenes para cada investigador. También debatimos el papel de los ideales de los investigadores en esas relaciones.(AU)

Estudo da percepção de familiares de Porto Rico - PR sobre sua qualidade de vida / A study about families from Porto Rico - PR regarding their quality of life / Estudio de la percepción de familiares de Porto Rico, Paraná sobre su calidad de vida

A avaliação de qualidade de vida é um processo perceptivo que pode alterar-se ao longo do tempo. O presente estudo visou mensurar as percepções de famílias residentes nos conjuntos habitacionais da cidade de Porto Rico, Estado do Paraná, Brasil, sobre sua qualidade de vida, e determinar as variáveis que mais influenciaram os direcionamentos daquelas avaliações. A amostra constituiu-se de 63 adultos representantes de famílias residentes em três conjuntos residenciais. Aplicou-se o Instrumento Abreviado de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida, WHOQOL-bref. Os dados foram analisados no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) e pelo algoritmo Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID). Esse tratamento permitiu o mapeamento das variáveis que interferiram nas avaliações de cada um dos domínios que compõem o conceito de qualidade de vida. Do ponto de vista teórico, o estudo mostrou que a qualidade de vida dessas famílias depende de suas condições de vida e saúde. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a possibilidade de refinamento das análises propiciada por essa forma de tratamento recomenda sua adoção em estudos semelhantes.

The assessment of Quality of life is a perceptual process that may change over time. Study aimed to measure the perceptions of family members from the housing complexes in the town of Porto Rico, Paraná State, Brazil, regarding their Quality of Life, and determine the variables that most influenced the trends of those evaluations. Sample was comprised of 63 individuals representing each family. The Abbreviated Instrument for Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-bref) was applied. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and the CHAID (1984) algorithm. These latter made possible the mapping of variables that interfered in the evaluations of each domain that make up the concept of Quality of Life. From the theoretical point of view, the study showed that Quality of Life depends on life and health conditions. From the methodological point of view, the possibility of refining the analyses provided by this form of treatment advocates its use in similar studies.

La evaluación de calidad de vida es un proceso de percepción que puede cambiar a lo largo del tiempo. El presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de medir las percepciones de familias residentes en los conjuntos habitacionales en la ciudad de Porto Rico, Estado de Paraná, Brasil, a respecto de su calidad de vida y determinar las variables que más influyeron en las direcciones de dichas evaluaciones. La muestra se constituyó de 63 adultos representantes de familias residentes en tres conjuntos residenciales. Se aplicó el Instrumento Abreviado de Evaluación de Calidad de Vida, WHOQOL-bref. Los datos fueron analizados en el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) y por el algoritmo Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID). Este tratamiento permitió el levantamiento de las variables que interfirieron en las evaluaciones de uno de los dominios que forma el concepto de calidad de vida. Desde el punto de vista teórico, el estudio mostró que la calidad de vida de estas familias depende de sus condiciones de vida y salud. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, la posibilidad de refinamiento de los análisis propiciados por esta forma de tratamiento se recomienda su adopción en estudios semejantes.

Condições de vida de famílias ribeirinhas moradoras nas residências populares do município de Porto Rico, Estado do Paraná, Brasil / Living conditions of riverine families residing in affordable housing in Porto Rico, Paraná State, Brazil

Como parte de um conjunto maior de estudos ecológicos, procurou-se conhecer as condições de vida dos moradores dos três conjuntos habitacionais do município de Porto Rico, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. A amostra constituiu-se de 63 famílias. Um adulto de cada moradia foi entrevistado, após ciência dos objetivos da pesquisa e da confidencialidade dos dados. As informações socioeconômicas do grupo amostral foram obtidas por meio de um inquérito domiciliar, nos meses de julho/2005 e janeiro/2006. Os dados foram processados no Programa Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos moradores era jovem (idade média de 26 anos); do sexo masculino; solteiro ou vivendo com companheiro; 53,5% completaram o ensino fundamental. Predominaram as famílias nucleares, chefiadas por homens e a média de ocupação era de 3,5 habitantes por moradia. A força de trabalho concentrou-se em atividades urbanas e as rendas familiares variavam de um a sete salários mínimos. Apesar de ser uma cidade ribeirinha, as oportunidades de trabalho ligadas ao rio e a terra eram escassas. Políticas públicas voltadas para o ensino e trabalho são necessárias para melhorar as condições de vida deste segmento da população.

As part of a larger group of ecological studies, this work aimed to determine the living conditions of people residing in the three affordable housing complexes in Porto Rico, Paraná State, Brazil. The sample was comprised of 63 families. One adult per household was interviewed, after informed consent and confidentiality terms were expressed. Socioeconomic data were obtained from the sampled group by means of home surveys, during the months of June 2005 and January 2006. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) software. The results indicated that the majority of residents were young (mean age = 26 years); male; single or living with a partner; 53.5% had completed middle school. Nuclear families prevailed, headed by men, and the occupancy average was 3.5 inhabitants/household. The lines of work were concentrated in urban activities, and family income varied between one and seven times the minimum wage. Despite being a riverine municipality, work opportunities associated with the river and land were scarce. Public policies geared towards education and labor are necessary in order to improve the living conditions of this segment of the population.

Morbidade referida por moradores ribeirinhos de Porto Rico, PR, Brasil / Morbidad referida por habitantes de las riberas de Porto Rico, PR, Brasil / Self-reported morbidity by riverbank dwellers from Porto Rico, PR, Brasil

Objetivo: Investigar a morbidade referida por ribeirinhos de Porto Rico, PR, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo de caso comparou a morbidade referida entre dois grupos de moradores. A amostra constituiu-se por um representante das 63 moradias dos três conjuntos habitacionais do município. Informações obtidas através de inquérito domiciliar, nos meses de julho/2005 e janeiro/2006. Resultados: A maioria dos entrevistados percebeu sua saúde de forma positiva. Principais problemas citados foram relacionados à hipertensão arterial, sistema nervoso, depressão, problemas cardíacos erespiratórios e infecções diversas. O grupo B referiu maior consumo de álcool e o grupo A, de tabaco. Conclusão: A educação em saúde com ênfase na adoção de hábitos saudáveis de vida auxilia no enfrentamento de situações adversas de adoecimento e na promoção da saúde.

Purpose: To investigate the self-reported morbidity rate of riverbank dwellers from Porto Rico, PR, Brazil. Methods: The case study compared the self-reported morbidity of two groups of residents. The sample consisted of 63 individuals of the three affordable housing complexes of that municipality. Information was collected through home surveys, during the months of June 2005 and January 2006. Results: Most interviewed subjects had a positive perception of their health. The main health problems recalled were associated with arterial hypertension, nervous system conditions, depression, heart and respiratory problems and assorted infections. Alcohol was mentioned more often by group B and tobacco by group A. Conclusion: Health education, with emphasis on adopting healthy life habits helps in facing adverse health situations and promotes health.

Objetivo: Investigar el morbilidad referida por moradores de Porto Rico, PR, Brasil. Método: Estudio del caso comparó el morbidad referida entre dos grupos de moradores. La muestra fue constituida por un representante de las 63 residencias de los tres conjuntos habitacionales. Informaciones obtenidas por medio de averiguación domiciliario, en los meses de julio/2005 y enero/2006. Resultados: La mayoría de los entrevistados percibió su salud de forma positiva. Principales problemas de salud citados: la hipertensión arterial, nervios, depresión, cardíacos e infecciones diversas. El grupo B refirió mayor consumo de alcohol y el grupo A, de tabaco. Conclusión: La educación en salud con énfasis en la adopción de hábitos saludables de vida, auxilian en el enfrentamiento de situaciones adversas de enfermar y en la promoción de la salud.

New species of Metynnis Cope, 1878 (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil

A new species of Metynnis is described from the rio Cuiabá and rio Manso drainages, in the upper rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. This laterally compressed species, which rarely exceeds 140 mm in SL, is readily distinguished from other members of the genus Metynnis by having 100-110 lateral-line scales, 48-56 rows of scales above the lateral line, 32-36 circumpeduncular scales, 22-24 gill rakers, 38 vertebrae, singular color pattern, and relatively smaller snout, width, and head length.

Uma nova espécie de Metynnis é descrita das drenagens dos rios Cuiabá e Manso, bacia do alto rio Paraguai, Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil. Essa espécie de corpo comprimido lateralmente, que raramente excede os 140 mm de comprimento padrão, é prontamente diagnosticada dos outros membros do gênero Metynnis por possuir 100-110 escamas na linha lateral, 48-56 séries de escamas acima da linha lateral, 32-36 escamas circumpedunculares, 22-24 rastros branquiais, 38 vértebras, padrão de colorido distinto, e comprimento do focinho, largura e comprimento da cabeça relativamente menores.

A posição do analista: impasses e alternativas / La posición del psicoanalista: impases y alternativas / The psychoanalyst's position: impasses and alternatives

Sem ser reduzido a uma técnica nem excluí-la, o trabalho do analista se apóia sobre o seu inconsciente e sua posição em relação aos conflitos dos pacientes não implica uma ausência de desejo. Partindo de teorias freudianas e lacanianas sobre o desejo e a posição do analista, foram realizados três estudos de caso com psicólogas clínicas que trabalham a partir de um referencial psicanalítico para investigar os discursos sobre seu trabalho. Os resultados mostram a possibilidade de admitir conflitos com os pacientes e uma dificuldade de definir o próprio trabalho. Parece necessário desvincular o trabalho do analista de ideais teóricos.

Without being reduced to a technique but not excluding it, the analyst's work is based upon his unconscious and his position towards the patients' conflicts doesn't involve the lack of desire. Aiming at investigating the clinical psychologist's discourses about their own work and considering the Freudian and Lacanian theories about the analyst's desire and position, three case studies were done with three clinical psychologists that work within a psychoanalytical framework. The results show the possibility of admitting conflicts with the patients and problems to define their own work. It seems that the analyst should be disconnected from theoretical ideals.

El trabajo del psicoanalista está apoyado sobre su inconsciente sin ser reducido a una técnica y sin excluirla. Su posición en relación a los conflictos de los pacientes no conlleva una ausencia de deseo. A partir de teorías freudianas y lacanianas sobre el deseo y la posición del psicoanalista, se hicieron tres estudios de caso con psicólogas clínicas que trabajan a partir de un referencial psicoanalítico para investigar sus discursos sobre su trabajo. Los resultados muestran la posibilidad de admitir conflictos con los pacientes y una dificultad de definir su propio trabajo. Parece necesario desvincular el psicoanalista de ideales teóricos.

A posição do analista: impasses e alternativas / La posición del psicoanalista: impases y alternativas / The psychoanalyst's position: impasses and alternatives

Sem ser reduzido a uma técnica nem excluí-la, o trabalho do analista se apóia sobre o seu inconsciente e sua posição em relação aos conflitos dos pacientes não implica uma ausência de desejo. Partindo de teorias freudianas e lacanianas sobre o desejo e a posição do analista, foram realizados três estudos de caso com psicólogas clínicas que trabalham a partir de um referencial psicanalítico para investigar os discursos sobre seu trabalho. Os resultados mostram a possibilidade de admitir conflitos com os pacientes e uma dificuldade de definir o próprio trabalho. Parece necessário desvincular o trabalho do analista de ideais teóricos(AU)

Without being reduced to a technique but not excluding it, the analyst's work is based upon his unconscious and his position towards the patients' conflicts doesn't involve the lack of desire. Aiming at investigating the clinical psychologist's discourses about their own work and considering the Freudian and Lacanian theories about the analyst's desire and position, three case studies were done with three clinical psychologists that work within a psychoanalytical framework. The results show the possibility of admitting conflicts with the patients and problems to define their own work. It seems that the analyst should be disconnected from theoretical ideals(AU)

El trabajo del psicoanalista está apoyado sobre su inconsciente sin ser reducido a una técnica y sin excluirla. Su posición en relación a los conflictos de los pacientes no conlleva una ausencia de deseo. A partir de teorías freudianas y lacanianas sobre el deseo y la posición del psicoanalista, se hicieron tres estudios de caso con psicólogas clínicas que trabajan a partir de un referencial psicoanalítico para investigar sus discursos sobre su trabajo. Los resultados muestran la posibilidad de admitir conflictos con los pacientes y una dificultad de definir su propio trabajo. Parece necesario desvincular el psicoanalista de ideales teóricos(AU)

Absenteísmo em unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital-escola / Absenteeism at the intensive care unit in a school hospital

O absenteísmo, ausência não-programada do funcionário ao trabalho, interfere nas condições laborais daequipe de enfermagem, gera sobrecarga de trabalho para os profissionais assíduos, aumenta os custos financeiros para a instituição e prejudica, potencialmente, a qualidade do cuidado prestado ao paciente. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o índice de absenteísmo (IA) em uma UTI-A de um hospital-escola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, cuja população de estudo foi composta por 56 funcionários que trabalharam na UTI-A, no ano de 2006. Para o cálculo do IA, foi utilizado como referencial Chiavenato(1). Constatou-se que o IA da equipe de enfermagem da UTI-A (2,55%) foi baixo, e a principal causa de ausência não-programada do funcionário ao trabalho foi o absenteísmo-doença (66,95%). Concluiu-se que, apesar de o IA ter sido baixo, os trabalhadores de enfermagem já estão sobrecarregados em razão do número reduzido de pessoal. Assim, o absenteísmo consiste em problema para a qualidade da assistência ao paciente e às condições de trabalho dos profissionais. Há que se aprofundar os estudos nesta área, principalmente com o objetivo de readequar o número de funcionários e verificar as causas do absenteísmo-doença destes trabalhadores.

Absenteeism – a staff member’s unexpected absence at work – interferes in the work conditions of the nursing team, overloads punctual professionals with work, increases the institution’s financial costs and potentially affects the quality of care given to patients. This study aimed at analyzing the absenteeism rate (AR) in the ICU-Aof a school hospital. It is a descriptive and exploratory research, and its studied population consisted of 56 staff members who worked at the ICU-A in 2006. The AR calculation was based on Chiavenato (1). The ICU-Anursing team’s AR was found to be low (2.55%), and the main cause for staff members’ unexpected absence atwork was due to illness (66.95%). In conclusion, despite the low AR observed, the nursing staff was also overloaded at work due to the reduced number of staff members. Thus, absentism is a concern for the quality ofassistance given to patients and to the professionals’ work conditions. This field of study needs more careful research, especially with the objective of establishing a more adequate number of staff members and examining the causes for these staff members’ illness absences.

El absentismo, ausencia no programada del empleado al trabajo, interfiere en las condiciones laborales delequipo de enfermería, genera sobrecarga de trabajo para los profesionales asiduos, aumenta los costosfinancieros para la institución y perjudica, potencialmente, la calidad del cuidado prestado al paciente. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar el índice de absentismo (IA) en una UCI-A de un hospital-escuela. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva-exploratoria, cuya población de estudio fue compuesta por 56 empleados quetra bajaron en la UCI-A en el año de 2006. Para el cálculo del IA fue utilizado como referencial Chiavenato (1). Se constató que el IA del equipo de enfermería de la UCI-A (el 2,55%) fue bajo y, la principal causa de ausencia no programada del empleado al trabajo fue el absentismo - enfermedad (el 66,95%). Se concluye que, a pesar del IA haber sido bajo, los trabajadores de enfermería ya están sobrecargados debido al número reducido depersonal. Así, el absentismo consiste en problema para la calidad de la asistencia al paciente y a las condiciones de trabajo de los profesionales. Hay que profundizarse los estudios en esta área, principalmente con el objetivo de readecuar el número de empleados y verificar las causas del absentismo - enfermedad de estos trabajadores.