Anthropometric and Body Composition Profile of Young Professional Soccer Players.

Bernal-Orozco, MF, Posada-Falomir, M, Quiñónez-Gastélum, CM, Plascencia-Aguilera, LP, Arana-Nuño, JR, Badillo-Camacho, N, Márquez-Sandoval, F, Holway, FE, and Vizmanos-Lamotte, B. Anthropometric and body composition profile of young professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1911-1923, 2020-The purpose was to describe the anthropometric and body composition profile of young professional soccer players and to compare the players profiles between different competitive divisions and playing positions. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with anthropometric data obtained from the records of soccer players of Club Deportivo Guadalajara, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico) in the under-17, under-20, second, third, and fourth division categories. Body mass, height, sitting-height, skinfolds, girths, and bone breadths were measured by certified anthropometrists from September 2011 to March 2015, following the procedures recommended by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Body composition was determined using the 5-way fractionation method. Comparisons between playing positions in each division and between divisions were performed using analysis of variance, and Bonferroni's post-hoc analyses (SPSS version 22 for Windows, p < 0.05 considered as significant). Data from 755 subjects were analyzed. The mean age was 18.1 ± 1.7 years old (minimum 14.8, maximum 23.2). The under-20 division registered higher anthropometric and body composition values than all other competitive divisions. In addition, goalkeepers were taller, heavier, and obtained the highest values for adipose mass, whereas forwards presented higher percentages of muscle mass. These tables can be used during nutritional assessment and nutritional monitoring of players to establish body composition goals. In addition, the strength and conditioning practitioner may also use these data to design effective and specific training programs most suitable to the anthropometric and body composition profile of each player, taking into consideration his competitive division and playing position.

EFFECTS OF A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT ON THE INCIDENCE OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN SUSCEPTIBLE ADULTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.

INTRODUCTION: although supplementation of specific micronutrients may improve immunologic factors, few studies about the combination of micronutrients with plant extracts on the occurrence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) have been published. OBJECTIVES: to assess the effect of a nutritional supplement with micronutrients and plant extracts on the incidence of ARI in susceptible adults between January and April, 2012. METHODS: a randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo- controlled clinical trial was performed. Participants were adults susceptible to ARI who were healthy at the time of evaluation, signed informed consent forms and were not taking medication. They completed a medical history; weight, height, vital signs and laboratory analyses were assessed. Subjects were randomly assigned for consumption of the supplement or a placebo, for a 90 days period. Subjects made daily diary entries indicating the presence ARI symptoms. Those who became ill notified researchers and the attending physician confirmed the presence of an infection. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the proportion of ill subjects between groups. Relative risk and risk difference were also calculated (p < 0.05 significant). RESULTS: of 59 included subjects, 45 (25 women) completed the study (21 in the supplemented group and 24 in the placebo group). There were no significant differences at baseline between groups. After the intervention, the supplemented group had a lower incidence of ARI compared with the placebo group (57.1% vs. 91.7%, p = 0.013, RR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.42, 0.92). DISCUSSION: the consumption of a supplement with vitamins, minerals and plant extracts may decrease the incidence of ARI in susceptible adults.

Introducción: aunque la suplementación de micronutrientes específicos puede mejorar determinados factores inmunológicos, han sido publicados pocos estudios sobre la combinación de micronutrientes con extractos herbales y la incidencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas (ARI) . Objetivos: evaluar el efecto de un suplemento alimenticio con micronutrientes y extractos herbales en la incidencia de ARI en adultos susceptibles, en enero-abril de 2012. Métodos: se realizó un ensayo clínico paralelo, aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo. Se incluyeron adultos susceptibles a ARI, sanos en el momento de la evaluación, que firmaron un consentimiento informado y que no tomaban medicamentos. Completaron una historia clínica y se evaluó: peso, talla, signos vitales y de laboratorio. Se asignaron aleatoriamente para consumir durante 90 días el suplemento o un placebo. Los sujetos registraron diariamente si presentaban o no síntomas de ARI en un diario. En caso de enfermedad, se lo notificaron a los investigadores y el médico responsable confirmó la presencia de infección. Se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher para comparar la proporción de enfermos entre los grupos y se calculó el riesgo relativo y la diferencia de riesgos (p < 0,05 significativa). Resultados: de 59 sujetos incluidos, 45 (25 mujeres) completaron el estudio (21 del grupo suplementado y 24 del placebo). No hubo diferencias significativas al inicio entre grupos. Al finalizar la intervención, el grupo suplementado tuvo una menor incidencia de ARI en comparación con el placebo (57,1% vs 91,7%, p = 0,013, RR = 0,62, IC95% 0,42, 0,92). Discusión: en conclusión, el consumo de un suplemento a base de micronutrientes y extractos herbales puede disminuir la incidencia de ARI en adultos susceptibles.

Effects of a dietary supplement on the incidence of acute respiratory infections in susceptible adults: a randomized controlled trial / Efectos de un suplemento nutricional en la incidencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas en adultos susceptibles: un ensayo clínico controlado

Introduction: although supplementation of specific micronutrients may improve immunologic factors, few studies about the combination of micronutrients with plant extracts on the occurrence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) have been published. Objectives: to assess the effect of a nutritional supplement with micronutrients and plant extracts on the incidence of ARI in susceptible adults between January and April, 2012. Methods: a randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed. Participants were adults susceptible to ARI who were healthy at the time of evaluation, signed informed consent forms and were not taking medication. They completed a medical history; weight, height, vital signs and laboratory analyses were assessed. Subjects were randomly assigned for consumption of the supplement or a placebo, for a 90 days period. Subjects made daily diary entries indicating the presence ARI symptoms. Those who became ill notified researchers and the attending physician confirmed the presence of an infection. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the proportion of ill subjects between groups. Relative risk and risk difference were also calculated (p< 0.05 significant). Results: of 59 included subjects, 45 (25 women) completed the study (21 in the supplemented group and 24 in the placebo group). There were no significant differences at baseline between groups. After the intervention, the supplemented group had a lower incidence of ARI compared with the placebo group (57.1% vs. 91.7%, p=0.013, RR=0.62, 95%CI 0.42, 0.92). Discussion: the consumption of a supplement with vitamins, minerals and plant extracts may decrease the incidence of ARI in susceptible adults (AU)

Introducción: aunque la suplementación de micronutrientes específicos puede mejorar determinados factores inmunológicos, han sido publicados pocos estudios sobre la combinación de micronutrientes con extractos herbales y la incidencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas (ARI). Objetivos: evaluar el efecto de un suplemento alimenticio con micronutrientes y extractos herbales en la incidencia de ARI en adultos susceptibles, en enero-abril de 2012. Métodos: se realizó un ensayo clínico paralelo, aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo. Se incluyeron adultos susceptibles a ARI, sanos en el momento de la evaluación, que firmaron un consentimiento informado y que no tomaban medicamentos. Completaron una historia clínica y se evaluó: peso, talla, signos vitales y de laboratorio. Se asignaron aleatoriamente para consumir durante 90 días el suplemento o un placebo. Los sujetos registraron diariamente si presentaban o no síntomas de ARI en un diario. En caso de enfermedad, se lo notificaron a los investigadores y el médico responsable confirmó la presencia de infección. Se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher para comparar la proporción de enfermos entre los grupos y se calculó el riesgo relativo y la diferencia de riesgos (p < 0,05 significativa). Resultados: de 59 sujetos incluidos, 45 (25 mujeres) completaron el estudio (21 del grupo suplementado y 24 del placebo). No hubo diferencias significativas al inicio entre grupos. Al finalizar la intervención, el grupo suplementado tuvo una menor incidencia de ARI en comparación con el placebo (57,1% vs 91,7%, p=0,013, RR=0,62, IC95% 0,42, 0,92). Discusión: en conclusión, el consumo de un suplemento a base de micronutrientes y extractos herbales puede disminuir la incidencia de ARI en adultos susceptibles (AU)