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1.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol ; 38(3): 470-479, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37843491

RESUMEN

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common consequence of inflammatory dermatoses. It is more common in patients with darker skin and has significant morbidity. This systematic review summarizes treatment outcomes for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation to help physicians better predict clinical response and improve patient outcomes. Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed databases and clinicaltrials.gov were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using a combination of relevant search terms. Title, abstract and full text screening were done in duplicate. Studies were included if they met our predetermined PICOS framework criteria. Results are presented in descriptive form. In total, 41 studies representing 877 patients were included. Complete response was achieved by laser and energy-based devices in 18.1% (n = 56/309) of patients, topicals in 5.4% (n = 20/369) and combination therapies in 2.4% (n = 4/166). Partial response was achieved by combination modalities in 84.9% (n = 141/166) of patients, topicals in 72.4% (n = 267/369), laser and energy-based devices in 61.2% (n = 189/309) and peels in 33.3% (n = 5/15). Poor to no response occurred with peels in 66.7% (n = 10/15) of patients, topicals in 22.2% (n = 82/369), laser and energy-based devices in 18.1% (n = 56/309) and combination modalities in 12.7% (n = 21/166). Additionally, in 2.6% (n = 8/309) of patients treated with laser and energy-based devices, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation worsened. Adverse events were reported in 10 patients, all while using topical treatments. In conclusion, the current treatment approaches yielded unsatisfactory rates of complete response. However, combination therapies, laser and energy-based devices and topical therapies showed high rates of partial response. Of note, the majority of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation cases included were associated with acne, and therefore, the findings and conclusions drawn may have limited applicability to other types of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.


Asunto(s)
Acné Vulgar , Dermatitis , Hiperpigmentación , Humanos , Hiperpigmentación/terapia , Hiperpigmentación/complicaciones , Acné Vulgar/complicaciones , Dermatitis/complicaciones , Resultado del Tratamiento , Administración Tópica
2.
Breast Cancer Res ; 24(1): 40, 2022 06 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35681213

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The Bcl-3 protein is an atypical member of the inhibitor of -κB family that has dual roles as a transcriptional repressor and a coactivator for dimers of NF-κB p50 and p52. Bcl-3 is expressed in mammary adenocarcinomas and can promote tumorigenesis and survival signaling and has a key role in tumor metastasis. In this study, we have investigated the role of Bcl-3 in the normal mammary gland and impact on tumor pathology. METHODS: We utilized bcl-3-/- mice to study mammary gland structure in virgins and during gestation, lactation and early involution. Expression of involution-associated genes and proteins and putative Bcl-3 target genes was examined by qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. Cell autonomous branching morphogenesis and collagen I invasion properties of bcl-3-/- organoids were tested in 3D hydrogel cultures. The role of Bcl-3 in tumorigenesis and tumor pathology was also assessed using a stochastic carcinogen-induced mammary tumor model. RESULTS: Bcl-3-/- mammary glands demonstrated reduced branching complexity in virgin and pregnant mice. This defect was recapitulated in vitro where significant defects in bud formation were observed in bcl-3-/- mammary organoid cultures. Bcl-3-/- organoids showed a striking defect in protrusive collective fibrillary collagen I invasion associated with reduced expression of Fzd1 and Twist2. Virgin and pregnant bcl-3-/- glands showed increased apoptosis and rapid increases in lysosomal cell death and apoptosis after forced weaning compared to WT mice. Bcl-2 and Id3 are strongly induced in WT but not bcl-3-/- glands in early involution. Tumors in WT mice were predominately adenocarcinomas with NF-κB activation, while bcl-3-/- lesions were largely squamous lacking NF-κB and with low Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our results demonstrate that Bcl-3 has a key function in mammary gland branching morphogenesis, in part by regulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix invasion. Markedly reduced levels of pro-survival proteins expression in bcl-3 null compared to WT glands 24 h post-weaning indicate that Bcl-3 has a role in moderating the rate of early phase involution. Lastly, a reduced incidence of bcl-3-/- mammary adenocarcinomas versus squamous lesions indicates that Bcl-3 supports the progression of epithelial but not metaplastic cancers.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Proteínas del Linfoma 3 de Células B , Neoplasias de la Mama , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Glándulas Mamarias Animales , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Animales , Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas del Linfoma 3 de Células B/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Colágeno/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Femenino , Lactancia , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/metabolismo , Ratones , FN-kappa B/genética , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Embarazo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo
3.
Tumour Biol ; 44(1): 187-203, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36093651

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The alternative NF-κB pathway is activated by the NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) mediated phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κ-B kinase α (IKKα). IKKα then phosphorylates p100/NFKB2 to result in its processing to the active p52 subunit. Evidence suggests that basal breast cancers originate within a subpopulation of luminal progenitor cells which is expanded by signaling to IKKα. OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of IKKα in the development of basal tumors. METHODS: Kinase dead IkkαAA/AA mice were crossed with the C3(1)-TAg mouse model of basal mammary cancer. Tumor growth and tumor numbers in WT and IkkαAA/AA mice were assessed and immunopathology, p52 expression and stem/progenitor 3D colony forming assays were performed. Nik-/- mammary glands were isolated and mammary colonies were characterized. RESULTS: While tumor growth was slower than in WT mice, IkkαAA/AA tumor numbers and pathology were indistinguishable from WT tumors. Both WT and IkkαAA/AA tumors expressed p52 except those IkkαAA/AA tumors where NIK, IKKαAA/AA and ErbB2 were undetectable. Colonies formed by WT and IkkαAA/AA mammary cells were nearly all luminal/acinar however, colony numbers and sizes derived from IkkαAA/AA cells were reduced. In contrast to IkkαAA/AA mice, virgin Nik-/- mammary glands were poorly developed and colonies were primarily derived from undifferentiated bipotent progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS: C3(1)-TAg induced mammary tumors express p100/p52 even without functional IKKα. Therefore the development of basal-like mammary cancer does not strictly rely on IKKα activation. Signal-induced stabilization of NIK may be sufficient to mediate processing of p100NFKB2 which can then support basal-like mammary tumor formation. Lastly, in contrast to the pregnancy specific role of IKKα in lobuloalveogenesis, NIK is obligatory for normal mammary gland development.


Asunto(s)
Quinasa I-kappa B , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales , Animales , Femenino , Quinasa I-kappa B/genética , Quinasa I-kappa B/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/genética , Ratones , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Embarazo , Transducción de Señal
4.
AIDS Care ; 34(11): 1473-1480, 2022 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35914114

RESUMEN

HIV disproportionately impacts many groups, including Black adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 13-24 living in the Deep South. Current prevention efforts have the potential to further exacerbate disparities within this population as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remains underutilized by Black AGYW in the South. We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) grounded in Andersen's Model of Healthcare Utilization exploring providers' PrEP prescribing practices to Black AGYW in Alabama. Eleven providers completed IDIs exploring providers' PrEP prescription knowledge and experiences. Cross-cutting themes included: (1) Community and provider-level stigmas (including those propagated by legislation) relating to HIV and sexuality limit sexual health discussions with Black AGYW clients; (2) Low PrEP knowledge and comfort with guidelines limits PrEP conversations and reinforces low uptake and prescriptions; (3) Healthcare systems and structural barriers impede PrEP access for youth. Multi-level (structural, community, and provider) barriers to PrEP prescription demands high activation energy for providers to prescribe PrEP. We present recommendations in training in sexual health assessment, updates to PrEP guidelines to accommodate risk assessment appropriate for AGYW, and increased implementation science focused on PrEP prescription for Black AGYW in order to reduce HIV incidence for this population.


Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH , Infecciones por VIH , Profilaxis Pre-Exposición , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Alabama , Fármacos Anti-VIH/uso terapéutico , Negro o Afroamericano , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Prescripciones , Adulto Joven
5.
Br J Dermatol ; 185(1): 185-194, 2021 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33454963

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the aetiologies and relevant allergens in paediatric patients with hand eczema (HE). OBJECTIVES: To characterize the aetiologies and determine the proportion of positive and currently relevant allergens in children/adolescents (age < 18 years) with HE referred for patch testing. METHODS: A retrospective analysis (2000-2016) of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data was performed. RESULTS: Of 1634 paediatric patients, 237 (14·5%) had involvement of the hands. Final physician diagnoses included allergic contact dermatitis (49·4%), atopic dermatitis (37·1%) and irritant contact dermatitis (16·9%). In multivariable logistic regression models, employment was the only association with increased odds of any HE or primary HE. Children with HE vs. those without HE had similar proportions of positive patch tests (56·1% vs. 61·7%; χ2 -test, P = 0·11). The five most common currently relevant allergens were nickel, methylisothiazolinone, propylene glycol, decyl glucoside and lanolin. In multivariable logistic regression models of the top 20 relevant allergens, HE was associated with significantly higher odds of currently relevant reactions to lanolin, quaternium-15, Compositae mix, thiuram mix, 2-mercaptobenzathiazole and colophony. The allergens with the highest mean significance-prevalence index number were methylisothiazolinone, carba mix, thiuram mix, nickel and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone. CONCLUSIONS: Children with HE who were referred for patch testing had a high proportion of positive patch tests, which was similar to the proportion found in children without HE. Children with HE had a distinct and fairly narrow profile of currently relevant allergens.


Asunto(s)
Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto , Eccema , Adolescente , Alérgenos/efectos adversos , Niño , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/diagnóstico , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/epidemiología , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/etiología , Eccema/inducido químicamente , Eccema/diagnóstico , Eccema/epidemiología , Humanos , América del Norte/epidemiología , Pruebas del Parche , Estudios Retrospectivos
6.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act ; 17(1): 111, 2020 09 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32883294

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Prolonged sitting time is a risk factor for chronic disease, yet recent global surveillance is not well described. The aims were to clarify: (i) the countries that have collected country-level data on self-reported sitting time; (ii) the single-item tools used to collect these data; and (iii) the duration of sitting time reported across low- to high-income countries. METHODS: Country-level data collected within the last 10 years using single-item self-report were included. The six-stage methodology: (1) reviewing Global Observatory for Physical Activity! Country Cards; (2-4) country-specific searches of PubMed, the Demographic and Health Survey website and Google; (5) analysing the Eurobarometer 88.4; and (6) country-specific searches for World Health Organization STEPwise reports. RESULTS: A total of 7641 records were identified and screened for eligibility. Sixty-two countries (29%) reported sitting time representing 47% of the global adult population. The majority of data were from high-income (61%) and middle income (29%) countries. The tools used were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; n = 34), a modified IPAQ (n = 1) or the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ; n = 27). The median of mean daily sitting times was 4.7 (IQR: 3.5-5.1) hours across all countries. Higher-income countries recorded a longer duration of sitting time than lower-income countries (4.9 vs 2.7 h). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides an updated collation of countries collecting self-reported sitting time data. The daily sitting time findings should be interpreted cautiously. Current surveillance of sitting time is limited by a lack of coverage. Measures of population sitting time that are valid, feasible and sensitive to change should be embedded within global surveillance systems, to help guide future policy, research and practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Salud Global , Conducta Sedentaria , Sedestación , Femenino , Humanos , Renta , Masculino , Pobreza , Autoinforme , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Tiempo
7.
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia ; 23(3): 109-123, 2018 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29876871

RESUMEN

Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins-1 and -2 (cIAP1/2) are integral to regulation of apoptosis and signaling by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and related family of receptors. The expression of cIAP2 in tissues is typically low and considered functionally redundant with cIAP1, however cIAP2 can be activated by a variety of cellular stresses. Members of the TNFR family and their ligands have essential roles in mammary gland biology. We have found that cIAP2-/- virgin mammary glands have reduced ductal branching and delayed lobuloalveogenesis in early pregnancy. Post-lactational involution involves two phases where the first phase is reversible and is mediated, in part, by TNFR family ligands. In cIAP2-/- mice mammary glands appeared engorged at mid-lactation accompanied by enhanced autophagic flux and decreased cIAP1 protein expression. Severely stretched myoepithelium was associated with BIM-EL expression and other indicators of anoikis. Within 24 h after forced or natural weaning, cIAP2-/- glands had nearly completed involution. The TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (Tweak) which results in degradation of cIAP1 through its receptor, Fn14, began to increase in late lactation and was significantly increased in cIAP2-/- relative to WT mice by 12 h post weaning accompanied by decreased cIAP1 protein expression. Carcinogen/progesterone-induced mammary tumorigenesis was significantly delayed in cIAP2-/- mice and tumors contained high numbers of apoptotic cells. We conclude that cIAP2 has a critical role in the mammary gland wherein it prevents rapid involution induced by milk stasis-induced stress associated with Tweak activation and contributes to the survival of mammary tumor cells.


Asunto(s)
Proteína 3 que Contiene Repeticiones IAP de Baculovirus/metabolismo , Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Lactancia/metabolismo , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Animales , Apoptosis , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Embarazo , Destete
8.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol ; 31(5): 798-807, 2017 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27620704

RESUMEN

Psoriasis and anxiety are chronic conditions with significant morbidity and there is evidence that they may exacerbate one another. There is little data on the prevalence of anxiety in psoriasis and the effect of psoriasis treatment on comorbid anxiety. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to describe the prevalence and severity of clinical anxiety disorders or anxiety symptoms among adult patients with psoriasis and characterize the effect of anti-psoriatic interventions on clinical anxiety disorders or anxiety symptoms. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database using search terms 'psoriasis' and 'anxiety'. Results were tabulated and verified by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses were not performed due to heterogeneity of data. Of 213 publications identified, 938 194 patients from 15 papers were included. The mean age ranged from 31.9-59.4 years old, with a mean PASI score of 7.65-22.8 (reported by nine studies) and a body surface area involvement of 25.9-39.8% (reported by two studies). The prevalence of anxiety in patients with psoriasis was 7-48%, which was significantly higher than healthy controls in two of three studies (HR 1.29-1.31, P = 0.001 and OR 2.91 [95% CI, 2.01-4.21], P < 0.001). Four of five studies (n = 2029) demonstrated an improvement in anxiety symptoms with psoriasis treatment. This review demonstrates a high prevalence of anxiety of adult patients with psoriasis suggesting that patients would benefit from systematic screening. Although the data suggest that anxiety may be improved through various psoriasis treatments, larger prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm this effect.


Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/epidemiología , Psoriasis/complicaciones , Adulto , Ansiedad/etiología , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Observacionales como Asunto , Prevalencia , Psoriasis/psicología
9.
BMC Public Health ; 16: 93, 2016 Jan 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26829928

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Obesity is growing at an alarming rate in Latin America. Lifestyle behaviours such as physical activity and dietary intake have been largely associated with obesity in many countries; however studies that combine nutrition and physical activity assessment in representative samples of Latin American countries are lacking. The aim of this study is to present the design rationale of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health/Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud (ELANS) with a particular focus on its quality control procedures and recruitment processes. METHODS/DESIGN: The ELANS is a multicenter cross-sectional nutrition and health surveillance study of a nationally representative sample of urban populations from eight Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Perú and Venezuela). A standard study protocol was designed to evaluate the nutritional intakes, physical activity levels, and anthropometric measurements of 9000 enrolled participants. The study was based on a complex, multistage sample design and the sample was stratified by gender, age (15 to 65 years old) and socioeconomic level. A small-scale pilot study was performed in each country to test the procedures and tools. DISCUSSION: This study will provide valuable information and a unique dataset regarding Latin America that will enable cross-country comparisons of nutritional statuses that focus on energy and macro- and micronutrient intakes, food patterns, and energy expenditure. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials NCT02226627.


Asunto(s)
Dieta/etnología , Conducta Alimentaria/etnología , Encuestas Nutricionales/estadística & datos numéricos , Estado Nutricional/etnología , Adulto , Anciano , Argentina/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Chile/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Ingestión de Alimentos/etnología , Ecuador/epidemiología , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas Nutricionales/normas , Perú/epidemiología , Proyectos Piloto , Venezuela/epidemiología
10.
Prev Med ; 56(1): 30-4, 2013 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23142534

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adults 25-64 years of age from Medellin and surrounding municipalities, Colombia. METHOD: We used 2008-2010 data from the Antioquia STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS), a multi-stage complex cross-sectional survey designed according to World Health Organization guidelines. The revised 2005 International Diabetes Federation definition of MetS was used. RESULTS: There were a total of 3000 participants. Of these, 21.4% had high blood pressure (HBP) and 64% had abdominal obesity (AO). In the subsample with serum data (n = 943), 19.8% had high fasting serum glucose, 43.9% had high triglycerides (HTG), and 56.6% had low HDL cholesterol (L-HDL). Among those with data to define MetS (n = 901), 41% had MetS. Older age was associated with MetS and all components except L-HDL. Female sex [odds ratio (OR) = 2.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20-3.70], being married (OR = 1.40, CI: 1.09-1.82), and high physical activity (OR = 0.59, CI: 0.39-0.91) were associated with AO, smoking with HTG (OR = 1.76, CI: 1.16-2.67) and L-HDL (OR = 1.67, CI: 1.10-2.51) and rural residence with HBP (OR = 3.42, CI: 1.83-6.37) and L-HDL (OR = 1.18, CI: 1.10-2.51). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MetS and AO was high in this Colombian region. Targeted strategies for promoting healthy behaviors are needed.


Asunto(s)
Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/etiología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Colombia/epidemiología , Intervalos de Confianza , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Vigilancia de la Población , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Adulto Joven
11.
Carcinogenesis ; 33(11): 2236-41, 2012 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22828138

RESUMEN

We have evaluated DNA damage (DNA adduct formation) after feeding benzo[a]pyrene (BP) to wild-type (WT) and cancer-susceptible Xpa(-/-)p53(+/-) mice deficient in nucleotide excision repair and haploinsufficient for the tumor suppressor p53. DNA damage was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ES-MS/MS), which measures r7,t8,t9-trihydroxy-c-10-(N (2)-deoxyguanosyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPdG), and a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA), using anti-r7,t8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE)-DNA antiserum, which measures both BPdG and the other stable BP-DNA adducts. When mice were fed 100 ppm BP for 28 days, BP-induced DNA damage measured in esophagus, liver and lung was typically higher in Xpa(-/-)p53(+/-) mice, compared with WT mice. This result is consistent with the previously observed tumor susceptibility of Xpa(-/-)p53(+/-) mice. BPdG, the major DNA adduct associated with tumorigenicity, was the primary DNA adduct formed in esophagus (a target tissue in the mouse), whereas total BP-DNA adducts predominated in higher levels in the liver (a non-target tissue in the mouse). In an attempt to lower BP-induced DNA damage, we fed the WT and Xpa(-/-)p53(+/-) mice 0.3% chlorophyllin (CHL) in the BP-containing diet for 28 days. The addition of CHL resulted in an increase of BP-DNA adducts in esophagus, liver and lung of WT mice, a lowering of BPdG in esophagi of WT mice and livers of Xpa(-/-)p53(+/-) mice and an increase of BPdG in livers of WT mice. Therefore, the addition of CHL to a BP-containing diet showed a lack of consistent chemoprotective effect, indicating that oral CHL administration may not reduce PAH-DNA adduct levels consistently in human organs.


Asunto(s)
Benzo(a)pireno/toxicidad , Clorofilidas/farmacología , Aductos de ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Reparación del ADN/genética , Haploinsuficiencia , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/fisiología , Proteína de la Xerodermia Pigmentosa del Grupo A/fisiología , 7,8-Dihidro-7,8-dihidroxibenzo(a)pireno 9,10-óxido/metabolismo , Animales , Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Carcinógenos/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Aductos de ADN/metabolismo , Daño del ADN/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem
12.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 36(5): 665-74, 2012 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21829162

RESUMEN

Self-control is generally viewed as highly desirable. In the eating behavior domain, however, the dominance of restraint theory has made the proposition that individuals should attempt to control their eating more controversial. This review discusses evidence from the dietary restraint literature and from studies of self-regulation processes to examine how far self-imposed control around food can be seen as beneficial for effective weight management. Epidemiological and field study evidence provides little support for the proposition that restrained eating causes disinhibited eating patterns. Restraint is often initiated as a response to weight gain, and the co-occurrence of disinhibited and restrained eating patterns on an individual level might better be explained by restraint acting as a marker for overeating tendencies. A sustained effort to monitor and control food intake characterizes successful long-term weight maintenance, suggesting that self-regulation in the eating domain is essential for those with a tendency to gain weight. Evidence from the literature on cognitive self-regulation suggests that there may be potential for people to learn to self-regulate better, both through training and controlled exposure techniques. Integration of the disparate theories of self-regulation is needed to identify the best ways of promoting self-regulation in order to support effective weight control, both in clinical and community settings.


Asunto(s)
Peso Corporal , Dieta Reductora/psicología , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Obesidad/psicología , Controles Informales de la Sociedad , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Índice de Masa Corporal , Dieta Reductora/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Control Interno-Externo , Masculino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
13.
Am J Ind Med ; 55(4): 353-60, 2012 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22238032

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Workplace exposures that can potentially cause both allergic occupational contact dermatitis (AOCD) and occupational asthma (OA) are not clearly identified. METHODS: Occupational contact allergens (OCAs) were identified using North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) data. Reference documents and systematic reviews were used to determine whether each OCA had been reported to potentially cause OA. The presence or absence of a sensitizer notation in occupational hygiene reference documents was also examined. RESULTS: The 10 most common OCAs were: epoxy resin*, thiuram, carba mix, nickel sulfate*, cobalt chloride*, potassium dichromate*, glyceryl thioglycolate, p-phenylenediamine*, formaldehyde* and glutaraldehyde*. Seven (indicated by *) were determined to be possible causes of OA. Information on sensitizing potential from OH reference materials contained conflicting information. CONCLUSIONS: Several common OCAs can also potentially cause OA. Inhalation and dermal exposures to these agents should be controlled and both OA and AOCD should be considered as possible health outcomes. Increased consistency in sensitizer notations is needed.


Asunto(s)
Asma Ocupacional/epidemiología , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/epidemiología , Dermatitis Profesional/epidemiología , Exposición Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Alérgenos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Pruebas del Parche
14.
Child Care Health Dev ; 38(3): 321-31, 2012 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21752064

RESUMEN

This umbrella review analysed the relationships between family variables and child/adolescent body weight, diet and physical activity. In line with theories of health behaviour change, it was assumed that behaviour-specific family variables (i.e. beliefs, perceptions and practices referring to food intake or physical activity) would have stronger support than more general family variables (i.e. socio-economic status or general parental practices). Data obtained from 18 systematic reviews (examining 375 quantitative studies) were analysed. Reviews of experimental trials generally supported the effectiveness of reward/positive reinforcement parental strategies, parental involvement in treatment or prevention programmes, and cognitive-behavioural treatment in reducing child/adolescent body mass and/or obesity. Results across reviews of correlational studies indicated that healthy nutrition of children/adolescents was related to only one parental practice (parental monitoring), but was associated with several behaviour-specific family variables (e.g. a lack of restrictive control over food choices, high intake of healthy foods and low intake of unhealthy foods by parents and siblings, low pressure to consume foods). With regard to adolescent physical activity, stronger support was also found for behaviour-specific variables (e.g. physical activity of siblings), and for certain socio-economic variables (e.g. parental education). Child and adolescent obesity prevention programmes should account for behaviour-specific family variables.


Asunto(s)
Familia , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Obesidad , Responsabilidad Parental , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Terapia Conductista , Pesos y Medidas Corporales , Dieta/normas , Ejercicio Físico , Familia/psicología , Obesidad/prevención & control , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Refuerzo en Psicología , Factores Socioeconómicos
15.
Mutagenesis ; 26(3): 385-91, 2011 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21193517

RESUMEN

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous components of polluted air. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), one of the most densely populated areas in the world, is 2240 m above sea level. At this altitude, less oxygen is available, making combustion less efficient and therefore producing more PAH pollutants. According to the Automatic Monitoring Network in Mexico City (RAMA, for its Spanish initials; http://www.sma.df.gob.mx/simat2/informaciontecnica/index.php?opcion=5&opciondifusion_bd=90), which performs environmental monitoring, the critical air pollutants in Mexico City are ozone and particulate matter (PM). PM emissions increase during the dry season (winter to spring) and decrease during the rainy season (summer to autumn). The bioactivation of some PAHs produces reactive metabolites that bind to DNA, and the presence of elevated levels of PAH-DNA adducts in tissues such as blood lymphocytes represents an elevated risk for the development of cancer. We have compared the levels of PAH-DNA adducts and the percentage of cells with chromosomal aberrations (CWAs) using a matched set of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained on two separate occasions from young non-smoking inhabitants of the MCMA (n = 92) during the 2006 dry season and the following rainy season. PAH-DNA adducts were analysed using the r7, t8-dihydroxy-t-9, 10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE)-DNA chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA). The percentages of CWA were determined in cultured lymphocytes from the same individuals. Both DNA adduct levels and chromosomal aberrations were tested for correlation with lifestyle and the polymorphisms of cytochromes P450 CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 as well as glutathione-S-transferases GSTM1 and GSTT1. The levels of PAH-DNA adducts were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the dry season (10.66 ± 3.05 per 10(9) nt, n = 92) than during the rainy season (9.50 ± 2.85 per 10(9) nt, n = 92) and correlated with the seasonal levels of particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 10 µm (PM(10)). The percentage of CWA was not seasonally related; however, significant associations between the number of risk alleles and adduct levels in the dry (R = 0.298, P = 0.048) and in the wet seasons (R = 0.473, P = 0.001) were observed.


Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Ciudades , Aductos de ADN/análisis , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Estaciones del Año , 7,8-Dihidro-7,8-dihidroxibenzo(a)pireno 9,10-óxido , Adulto , Hidrocarburo de Aril Hidroxilasas/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP1B1 , Aductos de ADN/química , Monitoreo del Ambiente/estadística & datos numéricos , Glutatión Transferasa/genética , Humanos , Inmunoensayo , Linfocitos/química , Linfocitos/metabolismo , México , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/química
16.
J Cell Biochem ; 107(3): 448-59, 2009 Jun 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19350539

RESUMEN

Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells have low levels of constitutive NF-kappaB activity while ER negative (-) cells and hormone-independent cells have relatively high constitutive levels of NF-kappaB activity. In this study, we have examined the aspects of mutual repression between the ERalpha and NF-kappaB proteins in ER+ and ER- hormone-independent cells. Ectopic expression of the ERalpha reduced cell numbers in ER+ and ER- breast cancer cell lines while NF-kappaB-binding activity and the expression of several NF-kappaB-regulated proteins were reduced in ER- cells. ER overexpression in ER+/E2-independent LCC1 cells only weakly inhibited the predominant p50 NF-kappaB. GST-ERalpha fusion protein pull downs and in vivo co-immunoprecipitations of NF-kappaB:ERalpha complexes showed that the ERalpha interacts with p50 and p65 in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of NF-kappaB increased the expression of diverse E2-regulated proteins. p50 differentially associated directly with the ER:ERE complex in LCC1 and MCF-7 cells by supershift analysis while p65 antibody reduced ERalpha:ERE complexes in the absence of a supershift. ChIP analysis demonstrated that NF-kappaB proteins are present on an endogenous ERE. Together these results demonstrate that the ER and NF-kappaB undergo mutual repression, which may explain, in part, why expression of the ERalpha in ER- cells does not confer growth signaling. Secondly, the acquisition of E2-independence in ER+ cells is associated with predominantly p50:p50 NF-kappaB, which may reflect alterations in the ER in these cells. Since the p50 homodimer is less sensitive to the presence of the ER, this may allow for the activation of both pathways in the same cell.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Sitios de Unión , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Humanos , Subunidad p50 de NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrógenos/genética , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Transfección
17.
Prostate ; 69(5): 505-19, 2009 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19143007

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Studies of migrant populations suggest that dietary and/or environmental factors play a crucial role in the etiology of prostatic adenocarcinoma (CaP). The human prostate consists of the peripheral zone (PZ), transition zone (TZ), and central zone (CZ); CaP occurs most often in the PZ. METHODS: To investigate the notion that an underlying differential expression of phase I/II genes, and/or the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts might explain the elevated PZ susceptibility, we examined prostate tissues (matched tissue sets consisting of PZ and TZ) from men undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy for CaP (n = 26) or cystoprostatectomy (n = 1). Quantitative gene expression analysis was employed for cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and CYP1A2, as well as N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT). RESULTS: CYP1B1, NAT1, and COMT were expressed in all tissue sets; levels of CYP1B1 and NAT1 were consistently higher in the PZ compared to TZ. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of CYP1B1 (nuclear-associated and primarily in basal epithelial cells) and NAT1. Normal tissue from 23 of these aforementioned 27 matched tissue sets was analyzed for PAH-DNA adduct levels using antiserum elicited against DNA modified with r7,t8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[a]pyrene (BPDE). PAH-DNA adduct levels were highest in glandular epithelial cells, but a comparison of PZ and TZ showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: Although expression of activating and/or detoxifying enzymes may be higher in the PZ, PAH-DNA adduct levels appear to be similar in both zones. Therefore, factors other than PAH-DNA adducts may be responsible for promotion of tumor formation in the human prostate.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Arilamina N-Acetiltransferasa/metabolismo , Catecol O-Metiltransferasa/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Aductos de ADN/metabolismo , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/metabolismo , Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Hidrocarburo de Aril Hidroxilasas , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Citocromo P-450 CYP1B1 , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Masculino , Próstata/patología , Próstata/cirugía , Prostatectomía , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología
18.
J Cell Biol ; 103(3): 957-68, 1986 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2943747

RESUMEN

Fast transport of axonal vesicles and organelles is a microtubule-associated movement (Griffin, J. W., K. E. Fahnestock, L. Price, and P. N. Hoffman, 1983, J. Neuroscience, 3:557-566; Schnapp, B. J., R. D. Vale, M. P. Sheetz, and T. S. Reese, 1984, Cell, 40:455-462; Allen, R. D., D. G. Weiss, J. H. Hayden, D. T. Brown, H. Fujiwake, and M. Simpson, 1985, J. Cell Biol., 100:1736-1752). Proteins that mediate the interactions of axoplasmic vesicles and microtubules were studied using stable complexes of microtubules and vesicles (MtVC). These complexes formed spontaneously in vitro when taxol-stabilized microtubules were mixed with sonically disrupted axoplasm from the giant axon of the squid Loligo pealei. The isolated MtVCs contain a distinct subset of axoplasmic proteins, and are composed primarily of microtubules and attached membranous vesicles. The MtVC also contains nonmitochondrial ATPase activity. The binding of one high molecular mass polypeptide to the complex is significantly enhanced by ATP or adenyl imidodiphosphate. All of the axoplasmic proteins and ATPase activity that bind to microtubules are found in macromolecular complexes and appear to be vesicle-associated. These data allow the identification of several vesicle-associated proteins of the squid giant axon and suggest that one or more of these polypeptides mediates vesicle binding to microtubules.


Asunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfatasas/análisis , Microtúbulos/análisis , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/análisis , Animales , Cromatografía en Gel , Decapodiformes , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/análisis , Microtúbulos/ultraestructura
19.
J Cell Biol ; 86(3): 738-45, 1980 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6447705

RESUMEN

Two distinctly different ATPases have been reported to be endogenous to the mitotic apparatus: a Mg2+-ATPase resembling axonemal dynein, and a Ca2+-ATPase postulated to be bound in membranes. To examine the nature of the Mg2+-ATPase, we isolated membrane-free mitotic spindles from Stronglylocentrotus droebachiensis embryos by rapidly lysing these in a calcium-chelating, low-ionic-strength buffer (5 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM MgCl2, 10 mM PIPES, pH 6.8) that contained 1% Nonidet P-40. The fibrous isolated mitotic spindles closely resembled spindles in living cells, both in general morphology and in birefringence. In electron micrographs, the spindles were composed primarily of microtubules, free from membranes and highly extracted of intermicrotubular cytoplasmic ground substance. As analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the pelleted spindles contain 18% tubulin, variable amounts of actin (2-8%), and an unidentified protein of 55 kdaltons in a constant weight ratio to tubulin (1:2.5). The isolated spindles also contained two polypeptides, larger than 300 kdaltons, that comigrated with egg dynein polypeptides, and ATPase activity (0.02 mumol Pi/mg . min) that closely resembled both flagellar and egg dynein. The spindle Mg2+-ATPase showed a ratio of Ca2+-/Mg2+-ATPase = 0.85, had minimal activity in KCl and EDTA, and cleaved GTP at 35% of the rate of ATP. The Mg2+-ATPase was insensitive to ouabain or oligomycin. The spindle Mg2+-ATPase was inhibited by sodium vanadate but, like egg dynein, was less sensitive to vanadate than flagellar dynein. The spindle Mg2+-ATPase does not resemble the mitotic Ca2+-ATPase described by others. We propose that the spindle Mg2+-ATPase is egg dynein. Bound carbohydrate on the two high-molecular-weight polypeptides of both egg dynein and the spindle enzyme suggest that these proteins may normally associate with membranes in the living cell.


Asunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfatasas/metabolismo , Dineínas/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/enzimología , Mitosis , Erizos de Mar/embriología , Animales , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio/metabolismo , Flagelos/enzimología , Microtúbulos/ultraestructura , Peso Molecular , Especificidad por Sustrato , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo
20.
J Cell Biol ; 84(2): 381-403, 1980 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6445910

RESUMEN

Photochemical cross-linking of both Tetrahymena and Aequipecten ciliary membrane proteins with the lipophilic reagent 4,4'-dithiobisphenylazide links together a high molecular weight dynein-like ATPase, membrane tubulin, and at least two other proteins. Electron microscopy of detergent-extracted cilia reveals that the cross-linked complex remains attached to the outer-doublet microtubules by a microtubule-membrane bridge. Cleavage of the reagent's disulfide bond releases the bridge-membrane complex and the dynein-like membrane-associated ATPase. Electron microscopy was used to ensure that the dynein-like protein did not result from the solubilization of the dynein arms attached to the outer-doublet microtubules. The dynein-like protein has been isolated using sucrose gradients and is similar to axonemal dynein with respect to its sedimentation characteristics nucleotide specificity, and divalent cation requirements. Photochemical cross-linking of ciliary membrane porteins in vivo results initially in the modification of ciliary beat and, eventually, in the cessation of ciliary movement. These results suggest that a dynein-like ATPase comprises the bridge which links the ciliary membrane to the outer-doublet microtubules and that this bridge is involved in the modulation of normal ciliary movement.


Asunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfatasas/análisis , Membrana Celular/ultraestructura , Cilios/ultraestructura , Microtúbulos/ultraestructura , Moluscos/ultraestructura , Tetrahymena pyriformis/ultraestructura , Animales , Azidas , Membrana Celular/enzimología , Cilios/fisiología , Reactivos de Enlaces Cruzados/farmacología , Proteínas de la Membrana/análisis , Moluscos/fisiología , Movimiento , Solubilidad , Tensoactivos , Tetrahymena pyriformis/fisiología , Rayos Ultravioleta
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