Boosting Activity and Selectivity of UiO-66 through Acidity/Alkalinity Functionalization in Dimethyl Carbonate Catalysis.

The acid-base properties of supports have an enormous impact on catalytic reactions to regulate the selectivity and activity of supported catalysts. Herein, a train of Pd-X-UiO-66 (X = NO2 , NH2 , and CH3 ) catalysts with different acidity/alkalinity functional groups and encapsulated Pd(II) species is first developed, whose activities in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) catalysis are then investigated in details. Thereinto, the Pd-NO2 -UiO-66 catalyst with acidity functionalization exhibits the best catalytic behavior: the DMC selectivity stemmed from methyl nitrite (MN) is up to 68%, the conversion of CO is 73.4%. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that the NO2 group not only affected the interaction between X-UiO-66 and Pd(II) active sites but also play an indispensable role in the adsorption and activation of MN and CO, which remarkably promote the formation of the COOCH3 * intermediate and DMC product.

Breaking the mirror: pH-controlled chirality generation from a meso ligand to a racemic ligand.

To study the conversion from a meso form to a racemic form of tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid (H(4)L), seven novel coordination polymers were synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of Zn(NO(3))(2)6 H(2)O with (2S,3S,4R,5R)-H(4)L in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,2'-bipyridine (2,2'-bpy), or 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy): [Zn(2){(2S,3S,4R,5R)-L}(phen)(2)(H(2)O)]2 H(2)O (1), [Zn(4){(2S,3R,4R,5R)-L}{(2S,3S,4S,5R)-L}(phen)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] (2), [Zn(2){(2S,3S,4R,5R)-L}(H(2)O)(2)]H(2)O (3), [Zn(4){(2S,3R,4R,5R)-L}{(2S,3S,4S,5R)-L} (2,2'-bpy)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]2 H(2)O (4), [Zn(2) {(2S,3S,4R,5R)-L}(2,2'-bpy)(H(2)O)] (5), [Zn(4){(2S,3R,4R,5R)-L}{(2S,3S,4S,5R)-L} (4,4'-bpy)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] (6), and [Zn(2) {(2S,3S,4R,5R)-L}(4,4'-bpy)(H(2)O)] 2 H(2)O (7). These complexes were obtained by control of the pH values of reaction mixtures, with an initial of pH 2.0 for 1, 2.5 for 2, 4, and 6, and 4.5 for 3, 5, and 7, respectively. The expected configuration conversion has been successfully realized during the formation of 2, 4, and 6, and the enantiomers of L, (2S,3R,4R,5R)-L and (2S,3S,4S,5R)-L, are trapped in them, whereas L ligands in the other four complexes retain the original meso form, which indicates that such a conversion is possibly pH controlled. Acid-catalyzed enol-keto tautomerism has been introduced to explain the mechanism of this conversion. Complex 1 features a simple 1D metal-L chain that is extended into a 3D supramolecular structure by pi-pi packing interactions between phen ligands and hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 has 2D racemic layers that consist of centrosymmetric bimetallic units, and a final 3D supramolecular framework is formed by the interlinking of these layers through pi-pi packing interactions of phen. Complex 3 is a 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) involving meso-L ligands, which can be regarded as (4,6)-connected nets with vertex symbol (4(5).6)(4(7).6(8)). Complexes 4 and 5 contain 2D racemic layers and (6,3)-honeycomb layers, respectively, both of which are combined into 3D supramolecular structures through pi-pi packing interactions of 2,2'-bpy. The structure of complex 6 is a 2D network formed by 4,4'-bpy bridging 1D tubes, which consist of metal atoms and enantiomers of L. These layers are connected through hydrogen bonds to give the final 3D porous supramolecular framework of 6. Complex 7 is a 3D MOF with novel (3,4,5)-connected (6(3))(4(2).6(4))(4(2).6(6).8(2)) topology. The thermal stability of these compounds was also investigated.

Ag(I)-mediated in situ dehydrogenative coupling of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole into 3,3'-azobis(1,2,4-triazole) in Cd(II) coordination polymers.

Ag(I)-mediated in situ generation of 3,3'-azobis(1,2,4-triazole) (AzTAZ) from 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AmTAZ) through dehydrogenative coupling has been realized during the crystallization process of two Cd(II) coordination polymers with novel topological architectures: a (3, 4, 5)-connected (4 x 6(2))(2)(4 x 6(7) x 8(2))(2)(6(5) x 10) net for [Cd(2)(AmTAZ)(2)(AzTAZ)](n) (1) and a 4-connected (6(2) x 8(4))(6(4) x 8(2))(6(5) x 8)(2) net for [Cd(AzTAZ)(2)(H(2)O)](n) (2), whereas AmTAZ retains its original form in a heterometallic complex, [Ag(2)Cd(AmTAZ)(4)](n) (3).

Synthesis, structure, and luminescent properties of hybrid inorganic-organic framework materials formed by lead aromatic carboxylates: inorganic connectivity variation from 0D to 3D.

The hydro(solvo)thermal reactions of Pb(OAc)(2).3H(2)O with the aromatic carboxylic ligands 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic and 1,4-, 1,2-, and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acids (1,3,5-H(3)BTC; 1,4-, 1,2-, and 1,3-H(2)BDC) have yielded a family of inorganic-organic framework materials: [Pb(2)(1,3,5-BTC)(mu(3)-OH)(H(2)O)](n) (Iota), [NaPb(1,3,5-BTC)(H(2)O)](n) (IotaIota), [Pb(1,4-BDC)](n) (IotaIotaIota), [Pb(5)(1,2-BDC)(4)(OAc)(2)](n) (IV), and {[Pb(5)(1,3-BDC)(5)(H(2)O)(2)](2).H(2)O}(n) (V). These complexes have been characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry, and photoluminescence spectra. They are all three-dimensional structures except for two-dimensional IV. Topology analysis reveals that complexes I an V represent rare (4,8)-connected flu and (3,4)-connected zeolite-like nets, respectively. The five complexes exhibit diverse inorganic connectivity, including a 0D Pb(4)O(16) cluster for I, a 1D Pb-O-Pb chain for II, a 2D Pb-O-Pb network for III and IV, and an unprecedented 3D Pb-O-Pb framework for V. And the diversity in inorganic arrays leads to differences in luminescent properties of these complexes.

Controlled generation of acentric and homochiral coordination compounds from a versatile asymmetric ligand 4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole.

Luminescent acentric and homochiral coordination compounds, which possess new topological networks, multiple helical structures and NLO properties, have been generated through the control of a versatile asymmetric ligand as well as inorganic anions, and this suggests a new protocol for preparing acentric and chiral materials.

Organically templated metal-organic framework with 2-fold interpenetrated {3(3).5(9).6(3)}-lcy net.

A new organic cation templated Zn(II) complex (Et3NH)[Zn4(ip)3(bta)3] (, ip = isophthalate, Hbta = benzotriazole) which consists of plate-like Zn4(bta)3 units bridged by ip ligands is reported; it is the first example of a 6-connected uninodal {3(3).5(9).6(3)}-lcy net which has never been observed previously in MOFs but has been theoretically anticipated.

Topology analysis and nonlinear-optical-active properties of luminescent metal-organic framework materials based on zinc/lead isophthalates.

Two 3D Zn(II) and Pb(II) isophthalates, [Zn(ip)]n (1) and [Pb4(mu4-O)(ip)3(H2O)]n (2) (H2ip = isophthalic acid), have been prepared under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The two complexes crystallize in different space groups (P4(3)2(1)2 for 1 and P2(1)/c for 2) and have different bridging modes of the ip ligand. The 3D framework of 1 is constructed by the interconnection of ZnO4 polyhedra via ip ligands, which represents a chiral net with PtS-type topology. In contrast, complex 2 is formed by the combination of Pb4O-cluster secondary building units and has a novel (3.4.5)(3(2).4(5).5(6).6(7).7(2)) topology, which is the first ever example of a (3,7)-connected net. Complex 1 displays a second harmonic generation efficiency of about 1.5 times that of KH2PO4. Optical properties and thermal stabilities of the two complexes have been studied. Additionally, the calculations of band structure and density of states of 1 have also been performed with the density functional theory method.

Tuning different kinds of entangled metal-organic frameworks by modifying the spacer group of aliphatic dicarboxylate ligands and the reactant ratio.

Taking advantage of the conformational flexibility of the bpp ligand and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, six interesting entangled coordination polymers, {[Cd(fum)(bpp)(H2O)]·(H2O)}n (), {[Cd(fum)(bpp)2]·(H2O)5}n (), {[Cd2(suc)1.5(bpp)2(NO3)(H2O)2]·6H2O}n (), {[Cd(suc)(bpp)2]·(H2O)1.5}n (), {[Cd2(glu)2(bpp)3]·10H2O}n (), and {Cd(adp)(bpp)(H2O)}n () have been prepared and structurally characterized (bpp = 1,3-bi(4-pyridyl)propane, fum = fumaric, suc = succinate, glu = glutaric, adp = adipic). Compounds and are comprised of undulated 2D 4(4)-sql networks. In the structure of compound , two identical undulated layers are parallelly interpenetrated with each other to give a 2D → 2D interpenetrating framework. For , the dangling arms projected from 2D layers are intercalated into the neighboring sheets, producing a 2D → 3D polythreading framework. Compound shows a rare example of a 2D self-penetrating framework with a (3,4)-connected (4(2)·6(3)·8)(4(2)·6) topology. Compound presents an unusual 2D self-threading network with a novel 4-connected {4(2)·6(3)·8} topology. Compound displays a 3D self-penetrating system based on a 2D → 3D parallel polycatenation array. Compound exhibits an unprecedented 3D self-penetrating structure having both 1D + 1D → 1D polycatenation and 3D + 3D → 3D interpenetration characteristics. A comparison of these six compounds demonstrates that both the different spacer lengths of the aliphatic dicarboxylates and reactant ratios appear to play a significant role in the assembly of entangled frameworks. In addition, thermal stabilities and photoluminescence properties of have been examined in the solid state at room temperature.

A novel ligand-unsupported 3D framework polymer of trimeric copper(I) and its NLO property.

A novel 3-D coordination polymer with trimeric copper (I) unit, [Cu(3)(CN)(IN)(2)](n)(IN = isonicotinate), was hydrothermally synthesized by the reaction of Cu(NO(3))(2).3H(2)O with isonicotinic and terephthalic acids. The structure was characterized to be a twofold interpenetrated 3-D coordination network polymer with two-coordinated copper(I). It has a powder SHG efficiency about that of KDP.

Synthesis, structure, and physical properties of a new anions-controlled Cd(II)-guanazole (3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole) hybrid family.

Nine members of a new anions-controlled Cd(II)-guanazole (3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole=Hdatrz) hybrid family, that is, [Cd3(datrz)6(H2O)2] (1), [Cd3(datrz)4F2] (2), [Cd5(datrz)4Cl4(OH)2] (3), [Cd5(datrz)4Br4(OH)2] (4), [Cd3(datrz)2(SO3)2].(H2O) (5), [Cd3(datrz)2(O2CMe)4] (6), [Cd(datrz)(O2CEt)] (7), [Cd(Hdatrz)(O2CtBu)2] (8), and [Cd(Hdatrz)2(H2Edta)] (9) have been synthesized by exploiting hydrothermal reactions of guanazole with suitable cadmium salts under appropriate reaction conditions. With effective control of inorganic or organic anions, the coordination diversity of the guanazole ligand in 1-9 manifests an unprecedented enrichment with five bridging modes varying from bidentate to quadridentate, two of which are first reported. Compound 1 is the first reported three-dimensional chiral complex constructed from the guanazole ligand which adopts a novel N1, N2, amino N-bridging mode. Halogen anions F-, Cl-, and Br- controlled compounds 2-4 are all three-dimensional, with their guanazole ligands possessing another novel quadridentate bridging mode. Sulfite anions controlled compound 5 displays a three-dimensional network with peculiar cage-like hexnuclear cadmium clusters. As for organic anions, low dimensional structures have been found for alkylcarboxylate anions MeCO2-, EtCO2-, and tBuCO2- controlled compounds 6, 7, and 8 (two-dimensional) and for H2Edta2- controlled compound 9 (zero-dimensional), and their guanazole ligands manifest low coordination numbers as well. These hybrid materials also present interesting structure-induced physical properties. The chiral compound 1 exhibits the second-order nonlinear optical properties at room temperature. Compounds 2-9 except 6 all exhibit photoluminescence of blue fluorescent emissions in the solid state at ambient temperature, which may be assigned to the intraligand pi-pi* transitions. Some structure related red or blue emission shifts have been investigated. Thermal studies show that most compounds of this study possess a high thermal stability.

Poly[mu2-trans-1,2-di-4-pyridylethylene-kappa2N:N'-mu2-sulfato-kappa2O:O'-zinc(II)].

The title compound, [Zn(SO(4))(C(12)H(10)N(2))](n), features a layered structure based on [Zn(SO(4))](n) spirals linked by 1,2-di-4-pyridylethylene (bpe) ligands, with the tetrahedral Zn and S atoms lying on twofold axes. The bpe ligands are centrosymmetric. The layers are linked by weak C-H...O interactions.

Polymeric (mu2-nitrato-kappa2O:O')(mu2-nitrato-kappa2O:O)(mu4-pyridinium-4-thiolato-kappa4S:S:S:S)disilver(I).

The title compound, [Ag(2)(NO(3))(2)(C(5)H(5)NS)](n), was obtained from the reaction of silver nitrate with bis(4-pyridyl) disufide (4-PDS) in a mixture of ethanol and water, which suggests that the disulfide bond of 4-PDS can be cleaved under mild conditions. The structure of the title compound is a two-dimensional infinite array in which the asymmetric unit contains two Ag atoms, a pyridinium-4-thiolate molecule and two nitrate groups. Each pyridinium-4-thiolate molecule acts as a mu(4) bridge, linking four Ag atoms, with Ag-S bond distances of 2.4870 (19), 2.5791 (19), 2.5992 (19) and 2.848 (2) A. The Ag.Ag distances lie in the range 2.889 (2)-3.049 (1) A.

Catena-poly[[dichlorozinc(II)]-micro-1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane-kappa(2)N:N'].

The title compound, [ZnCl(2)(bpp)](n) (where bpp is 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane, C(13)H(14)N(2)), has been prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of ZnCl(2) and bpp at 433 K. The Zn, Cl and central propyl C atom lie on the mirrors of the P2(1)/m space group. The molecular structure shows a weave-like polymeric chain. Each Zn atom is coordinated by two N atoms and two Cl atoms in a distorted tetrahedral geometry, with the Zn-N distance being 2.055 (5) A and the Zn-Cl distances being 2.239 (3) and 2.247 (2) A.

Tetrakis(pyridinium-2-thiolato)zinc(II) dinitrate.

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Zn(C(5)H(5)NS)(4)](NO(3))(2), consists of a [Zn(C(5)H(5)NS)(4)](2+) (C(5)H(5)NS is pyridinium-2-thiolate) cation and two nitrate anions. The central Zn(II) atom lies at a site with imposed -4 symmetry and is surrounded by four S atoms [Zn-S = 2.3371 (5) A] from four symmetrical pyridinium-2-thiolate ligands in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. There are N-H.O hydrogen-bonding interactions between the pyridinium-2-thiolate ligands and nitrate O atoms. In addition, pi-pi interactions via aromatic N-containing ligands are discussed.

A simultaneous redox, alkylation, self-assembly reaction under solvothermal conditions afforded a luminescent copper(I) chain polymer constructed of Cu3I4- and EtS-4-C5H4N+Et components (Et = CH3CH2).

A simultaneous redox, alkylation, self-assembly reaction under solvothermal conditions afforded a novel copper(I) chain polymer constructed of luminescent Cu3I4- and unprecedented EtS-4-C5H4N+Et components (Et = CH3CH2).