Prehypertension in a Mexican population: influence of age, gender, and body fat.

We studied the association of age, gender, and distribution of body fat with prehypertension in a sample of Mexican adults. This study was performed in a sample of 900 adults (275 men and 625 women), with the median age of 42 years. Resting blood pressure was measured in duplicate, and prehypertension and hypertension were defined according to JNC 7 criteria. The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in our population was 11.56% and 26.5%, respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension was significantly higher in men than in women. Prehypertension was associated with middle and old age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6 and 2.4, respectively, P < .001), abdominal obesity (OR = 1.3, P = .008), upper quintiles of body mass index (OR = 2.05, P = .005), waist (OR = 1.97, P = .01) and hip (OR = 2.04, P = .005) circumferences, and body fat (OR = 2.37, P = .001). The main factors associated with the development of prehypertension are age, central obesity, and body fat.

Anthropometric measurements as predictive indicators of metabolic risk in a Mexican population / Las medidas antropométricas como indicadores predictivos de riesgo metabólico en una población mexicana.

Introduction: Currently, it is considered that the body fat accumulation at central level is associated with the presence of hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and diabetes. The body mass index (BMI) has been used to identify obesity in the general population, but can not detect the distribution of body fat, so that can be used other anthropometric measures to assess adiposity and determine their relationship with the presence of metabolic disorders that present people with excess weight. Objective: To evaluate anthropometric measurements such as waist-hip ratio (WHR), BMI and waist circumference (WC) as predictive indicators of metabolic risk factors in Mexican adults. Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 490 subjects (27-46 years), grouped by gender. All participants were determined anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters. ROC curves of anthropometric parameters were set to identify the best predictive indicator of metabolic risk. Results: The metabolic risk factor most prevalent after abdominal obesity in women was hypertriglyceridemia, followed by hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and high blood pressure, which are found most often in men than in women, although the presence of abdominal obesity was found most frequently in women (73.9% vs.37.3%). WC was the best predictive indicator to have one or more metabolic risk factors [area under the curve AUC = 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.92)], followed by the BMI [AUC = 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.88)], and finally the WHC [AUC = 0.63 (95% CI, 0.52 to 0.74)]. Also shows that abdominal obesity duplicate the risk of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Waist circumference is a better indicator of metabolic risk in both genders compared with BMI and the WHC.

Introducción: actualmente se considera que la acumulación de grasa corporal a nivel central se asocia con la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia, hipertensión arterial y diabetes. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) se ha utilizado para identificar la obesidad en la población general, pero no permite determinar la distribución de la grasa corporal, por lo que se pueden utilizar otras medidas antropométricas para evaluar la adiposidad y determinar su relación con la presencia de alteraciones metabólicas que presentan las personas con exceso de peso. Objetivo: evaluar las medidas antropométricas como el índice cintura-cadera (ICC), IMC y circunferencia de cintura (CC) como indicadores predictivos de factores de riesgo metabólico en población mexicana adulta. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en un total de 490 personas (27-46 años), agrupadas por género. A todos los participantes se les determinaron medidas antropométricas y parámetros bioquímicos. Se crearon curvas ROC de los parámetros antropométricos para identificar el mejor indicador predictivo de riesgo metabólico. Resultados: el factor de riesgo metabólico con mayor prevalencia después de la obesidad abdominal en mujeres fue la hipertrigliceridemia, seguido de la hiperglicemia, hipercolesterolemia y presión arterial elevada, que se encontraron con mayor frecuencia en los hombres, aunque la presencia de obesidad abdominal se encontró con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres (73,9 vs.37,3 %). La circunferencia de cintura fue el mejor indicador predictivo para presentar uno o más factores de riesgo metabólico [área bajo la curva ABC = 0,85 (IC 95%, 0,78-0,92)], seguido del IMC [ABC = 0,79 (IC 95%, 0,72-0,88)] y por último el ICC [ABC = 0,63 (IC 95%, 0,52-0,74)]. Además, se observó que la obesidad abdominal duplica el riesgo de presentar el síndrome metabólico. Conclusión: la circunferencia de cintura es el mejor indicador de riesgo metabólico en ambos sexos en comparación con el IMC y el ICC.

Las medidas antropométricas como indicadores predictivos de riesgo metabólico en una población mexicana / Anthropometric measurements as predictive indicators of metabolic risk in a Mexican population

Introducción: actualmente se considera que la acumulación de grasa corporal a nivel central se asocia con la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia, hipertensión arterial y diabetes. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) se ha utilizado para identificar la obesidad en la población general, pero no permite determinar la distribución de la grasa corporal, por lo que se pueden utilizar otras medidas antropométricas para evaluar la adiposidad y determinar su relación con la presencia de alteraciones metabólicas que presentan las personas con exceso de peso. Objetivo: evaluar las medidas antropométricas como el índice cintura-cadera (ICC), IMC y circunferencia de cintura (CC) como indicadores predictivos de factores de riesgo metabólico en población mexicana adulta. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en un total de 490 personas (27-46 años), agrupadas por género. A todos los participantes se les determinaron medidas antropométricas y parámetros bioquímicos. Se crearon curvas ROC de los parámetros antropométricos para identificar el mejor indicador predictivo de riesgo metabólico. Resultados: el factor de riesgo metabólico con mayor prevalencia después de la obesidad abdominal en mujeres fue la hipertrigliceridemia, seguido de la hiperglicemia, hipercolesterolemia y presión arterial elevada, que se encontraron con mayor frecuencia en los hombres, aunque la presencia de obesidad abdominal se encontró con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres (73,9 vs. 37,3 %). La circunferencia de cintura fue el mejor indicador predictivo para presentar uno o más factores de riesgo metabólico [área bajo la curva ABC = 0,85 (IC 95%, 0,78-0,92)], seguido del IMC [ABC = 0,79 (IC 95%, 0,72-0,88)] y por último el ICC [ABC = 0,63 (IC 95%, 0,52-0,74)]. Además, se observó que la obesidad abdominal duplica el riesgo de presentar el síndrome metabólico. Conclusión: la circunferencia de cintura es el mejor indicador de riesgo metabólico en ambos sexos en comparación con el IMC y el ICC (AU)

Introduction: Currently, it is considered that the body fat accumulation at central level is associated with the presence of hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and diabetes. The body mass index (BMI) has been used to identify obesity in the general population, but can not detect the distribution of body fat, so that can be used other anthropometric measures to assess adiposity and determine their relationship with the presence of metabolic disorders that present people with excess weight. Objective: To evaluate anthropometric measurements such as waist-hip ratio (WHR), BMI and waist circumference (WC) as predictive indicators of metabolic risk factors in Mexican adults. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 490 subjects (27-46 years), grouped by gender. All participants were determined anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters. ROC curves of anthropometric parameters were set to identify the best predictive indicator of metabolic risk. Results: The metabolic risk factor most prevalent after abdominal obesity in women was hypertriglyceridemia, followed by hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and high blood pressure, which are found most often in men than in women, although the presence of abdominal obesity was found most frequently in women (73.9% vs. 37.3%). WC was the best predictive indicator to have one or more metabolic risk factors [area under the curve AUC = 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.92)], followed by the BMI [AUC = 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.88)], and finally the WHC [AUC = 0.63 (95% CI, 0.52 to 0.74)]. Also shows that abdominal obesity duplicate the risk of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Waist circumference is a better indicator of metabolic risk in both genders compared with BMI and the WHC (AU)

Haplotypes in the CRP gene associated with increased BMI and levels of CRP in subjects with type 2 diabetes or obesity from Southwestern Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the association between four polymorphisms in the CRP gene with circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and risk score of coronary heart disease. METHODS: We studied 402 individuals and classified them into four groups: healthy, obese, T2D obese, and T2D without obesity, from Guerrero, Southwestern Mexico. Blood levels of CRP, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and leukocytes were measured. Genotyping was performed by PCR/RFLP, and the risk score for coronary heart disease was determined by the Framingham's methodology. RESULTS: The TT genotype of SNP rs1130864 was associated with increased body mass index and T2D patients with obesity. We found that the haplotype 2 (TGAG) was associated with increased levels of CRP (ß = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1, 0.5; P = 0.005) and haplotype 7 (TGGG) with higher body mass index (BMI) (ß = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1, 0.3; P < 0.001). The risk score for coronary heart disease was associated with increased levels of CRP, but not with any polymorphism or haplotype. CONCLUSIONS: The association between the TT genotype of SNP rs1130864 with obesity and the haplotype 7 with BMI may explain how obesity and genetic predisposition increase the risk of diseases such as T2D in the population of Southwestern Mexico.