Epidemiology of Neospora caninum infection in free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in north central Mexico.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of natural infection by N. caninum in free-range chickens from Aguascalientes, Mexico, through identifying the presence of antibodies, its association with certain risk factors, and estimate the frequency of parasite DNA detection in the brain. The study included 150 clinically healthy chickens from 81 small family farms distributed throughout the state, from which blood and brain samples were taken. Serum samples were processed by indirect immunofluorescence considering a dilution of 1:50 as a positive reaction, while the DNA detection was done by PCR; the association between the presence of antibodies and the potential risk factors was estimated through logistic regression. The general anti-N. caninum presence of antibodies in the studied population was 46% (69/150, CI 95% 38-54), with titers of 1:50 in 38, 1:100 in 24, and 1:200 in 7, finding positive cases in 49% of the farms and in 91% of the municipalities that integrate the state. The presence of antibodies found in the municipalities was estimated in a range of 20 to 75%. The frequency of DNA detection was 6% (9/150, CI 95% 2-11). The grain supplementation was identified as the unique risk factor for infection (OR = 2.82; 95% CI, 1.18-6.73, p < 0.019).

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII AND NEOSPORA CANINUM INFECTION IN GOATS FROM AGUASCALIENTES, MEXICO.

The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection by estimating seroprevalence and its association with certain risk factors in goats from Aguascalientes, Mexico. A total of 150 blood samples was taken from 10 farms and serum samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indirect test to detect T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies; the association between seroprevalence and some potential risk factors was estimated through logistic regression analysis. The general seroprevalence for T. gondii was 12.6%, observed in the farms in a range of 6.6 to 60%, finding seropositive animals in 80% of them; for N. caninum the seroprevalence was 3.3% and in farms a range of 6.6 to 13.3% was identified and 30% of them had at least 1 seropositive animal. The coinfection was 0.66%. The risk analysis for T. gondii identified a history of abortions (odds ratio 9.25) as a factor associated with seroprevalence; for N. caninum, no risk factor was identified.

Citywide serosurveillance of the initial SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in San Francisco using electronic health records.

Serosurveillance provides a unique opportunity to quantify the proportion of the population that has been exposed to pathogens. Here, we developed and piloted Serosurveillance for Continuous, ActionabLe Epidemiologic Intelligence of Transmission (SCALE-IT), a platform through which we systematically tested remnant samples from routine blood draws in two major hospital networks in San Francisco for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during the early months of the pandemic. Importantly, SCALE-IT allows for algorithmic sample selection and rich data on covariates by leveraging electronic health record data. We estimated overall seroprevalence at 4.2%, corresponding to a case ascertainment rate of only 4.9%, and identified important heterogeneities by neighborhood, homelessness status, and race/ethnicity. Neighborhood seroprevalence estimates from SCALE-IT were comparable to local community-based surveys, while providing results encompassing the entire city that have been previously unavailable. Leveraging this hybrid serosurveillance approach has strong potential for application beyond this local context and for diseases other than SARS-CoV-2.

Citywide serosurveillance of the initial SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in San Francisco.

Serosurveillance provides a unique opportunity to quantify the proportion of the population that has been exposed to pathogens. Here, we developed and piloted Serosurveillance for Continuous, ActionabLe Epidemiologic Intelligence of Transmission (SCALE-IT), a platform through which we systematically tested remnant samples from routine blood draws in two major hospital networks in San Francisco for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during the early months of the pandemic. Importantly, SCALE-IT allows for algorithmic sample selection and rich data on covariates by leveraging electronic medical record data. We estimated overall seroprevalence at 4.2%, corresponding to a case ascertainment rate of only 4.9%, and identified important heterogeneities by neighborhood, homelessness status, and race/ethnicity. Neighborhood seroprevalence estimates from SCALE-IT were comparable to local community-based surveys, while providing results encompassing the entire city that have been previously unavailable. Leveraging this hybrid serosurveillance approach has strong potential for application beyond this local context and for diseases other than SARS-CoV-2.

Forequarter Amputation and Immediate Reconstruction with a Free Extended Humeral-Radial Forearm Flap.

A forequarter amputation is a radical ablative surgical procedure that includes the entire upper extremity with its shoulder girdle. We present a 53-year-old woman with a solid slow growing tumor in her right shoulder of 15 x 20 cm in diameter. Resection and immediate reconstruction with a free radial forearm flap extended from the distal third of the arm to the midpalmar region, taking the humeral artery and the cephalic vein as a main peddicle. The final outcome is shown at six weeks after the surgery.

Preservación hepática: factores en su desarrollo y aplicación clínica / Hepatic preservation: factors in it's development and clinical application

Este estudio analiza algunos de los avances que han participado en el desarrollo de soluciones para la preservación hepática. Estos avances han sido asociados a varios factores. La hipotermia y el uso de soluciones coloidales son probablemente los más importantes elementos relacionados con estos avances, pero también la utilización de algunas drogas como son compuestos que modifican la xantino oxidasa (ej. alopurinol), compuestos relacionados con el bloqueo del calcio (ej. nisolipina), producción de compuestos de alta energía y otras sustancias vasoactivas como la dopamina, entre otras. El mejoramiento de las soluciones de preservación requerirá del uso de varias sustancias para la protección del transplante hepático