Unveiling a Pump-Induced Magnon Mode via Its Strong Interaction with Walker Modes.

We observe a power-dependent anticrossing of Walker spin-wave modes under microwave pumping when a ferrimagnet is placed in a microwave waveguide that does not support any discrete photon mode. We interpret this unexpected anticrossing as the generation of a pump-induced magnon mode that couples strongly to the Walker modes of the ferrimagnet. This anticrossing inherits an excellent tunability from the pump, which allows us to control the anticrossing via the pump power, frequency, and waveform. Further, we realize a remarkable functionality of this anticrossing, namely, a microwave frequency comb, in terms of the nonlinear interaction that mixes the pump and probe frequencies. Such a frequency comb originates from the magnetic dynamics and thereby does not suffer from the charge noise. The unveiled hybrid magnonics driven away from its equilibrium enriches the utilization of anticrossing for coherent information processing.

Coherent Microwave Emission of Gain-Driven Polaritons.

By developing a gain-embedded cavity magnonics platform, we create a gain-driven polariton (GDP) that is activated by an amplified electromagnetic field. Distinct effects of gain-driven light-matter interaction, such as polariton auto-oscillations, polariton phase singularity, self-selection of a polariton bright mode, and gain-induced magnon-photon synchronization, are theoretically studied and experimentally manifested. Utilizing the gain-sustained photon coherence of the GDP, we demonstrate polariton-based coherent microwave amplification (∼40 dB) and achieve high-quality coherent microwave emission (Q>10^{9}).

Correcting prevalence estimation for biased sampling with testing errors.

Sampling for prevalence estimation of infection is subject to bias by both oversampling of symptomatic individuals and error-prone tests. This results in naïve estimators of prevalence (ie, proportion of observed infected individuals in the sample) that can be very far from the true proportion of infected. In this work, we present a method of prevalence estimation that reduces both the effect of bias due to testing errors and oversampling of symptomatic individuals, eliminating it altogether in some scenarios. Moreover, this procedure considers stratified errors in which tests have different error rate profiles for symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. This results in easily implementable algorithms, for which code is provided, that produce better prevalence estimates than other methods (in terms of reducing and/or removing bias), as demonstrated by formal results, simulations, and on COVID-19 data from the Israeli Ministry of Health.

Determinants of stage at diagnosis of HPV-related cancer including area deprivation and clinical factors.

BACKGROUND: Collecting social determinants of health in electronic health records is time-consuming. Meanwhile, an Area Deprivation Index (ADI) aggregates sociodemographic information from census data. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether ADI is associated with stage of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer at diagnosis. METHODS: We tested for the association between the stage of HPV-related cancer presentation and ADI as well as the association between stage and the value of each census-based measure using ordered logistic regression, adjusting for age, race and sex. RESULTS: Among 3247 cases of HPV-related cancers presenting to an urban academic medical center, the average age at diagnosis was 57. The average stage at diagnosis was Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Stage 3. In the study population, 43% of patients were female and 87% were white. In this study population, there was no association between stage of HPV-related cancer presentation and either aggregate or individual census variables. CONCLUSIONS: These results may reflect insufficient sample size, a lack of socio-demographic diversity in our population, or suggest that simplifying social determinants of health into a single geocoded index is not a reliable surrogate for assessing a patient's risk for HPV-related cancer.

Predicting DNA methylation from genetic data lacking racial diversity using shared classified random effects.

Public genomic repositories are notoriously lacking in racially and ethnically diverse samples. This limits the reaches of exploration and has in fact been one of the driving factors for the initiation of the All of Us project. Our particular focus here is to provide a model-based framework for accurately predicting DNA methylation from genetic data using racially sparse public repository data. Epigenetic alterations are of great interest in cancer research but public repository data is limited in the information it provides. However, genetic data is more plentiful. Our phenotype of interest is cervical cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) repository. Being able to generate such predictions would nicely complement other work that has generated gene-level predictions of gene expression for normal samples. We develop a new prediction approach which uses shared random effects from a nested error mixed effects regression model. The sharing of random effects allows borrowing of strength across racial groups greatly improving predictive accuracy. Additionally, we show how to further borrow strength by combining data from different cancers in TCGA even though the focus of our predictions is DNA methylation in cervical cancer. We compare our methodology against other popular approaches including the elastic net shrinkage estimator and random forest prediction. Results are very encouraging with the shared classified random effects approach uniformly producing more accurate predictions - overall and for each racial group.

A Formal Framework for Knowledge Acquisition: Going beyond Machine Learning.

Philosophers frequently define knowledge as justified, true belief. We built a mathematical framework that makes it possible to define learning (increasing number of true beliefs) and knowledge of an agent in precise ways, by phrasing belief in terms of epistemic probabilities, defined from Bayes' rule. The degree of true belief is quantified by means of active information I+: a comparison between the degree of belief of the agent and a completely ignorant person. Learning has occurred when either the agent's strength of belief in a true proposition has increased in comparison with the ignorant person (I+>0), or the strength of belief in a false proposition has decreased (I+<0). Knowledge additionally requires that learning occurs for the right reason, and in this context we introduce a framework of parallel worlds that correspond to parameters of a statistical model. This makes it possible to interpret learning as a hypothesis test for such a model, whereas knowledge acquisition additionally requires estimation of a true world parameter. Our framework of learning and knowledge acquisition is a hybrid between frequentism and Bayesianism. It can be generalized to a sequential setting, where information and data are updated over time. The theory is illustrated using examples of coin tossing, historical and future events, replication of studies, and causal inference. It can also be used to pinpoint shortcomings of machine learning, where typically learning rather than knowledge acquisition is in focus.

[Application of pretrained model based on electronic medical record in recognition of acute respiratory infection].

Objective: To evaluate the recognition of acute respiratory infection (ARI) by a pretrained model based on electronic medical records (EMRs). Methods: 38 581 EMRs were obtained from Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital in December 2021. Bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) pretrained model was used to identify ARI in EMRs. The results of medical professionals were considered as the gold standard to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, Kappa value, and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC). Results: There were 3 817 EMRs in the test set, with 1 200 ARIs. A total of 1 205 cases were determined as ARI by the model, with a sensitivity of 92.67% (1 112/1 200) and a specificity of 96.45% (2 524/2 617). The model identified ARI with similar accuracy in males and females (AUCs 0.95 and 0.94, respectively), and was more accurate in identifying ARI cases in those aged less than 18 than in adults 18-59 and adults 60 and older (AUCs 0.94, 0.89 and 0.94, respectively). The current model had a better identification of ARIs in outpatient patients than that in hospitalized patients, with AUCs of 0.74 and 0.95, respectively. Conclusion: The use of the BERT pretrained model based on EMRs has a good performance in the recognition of ARI cases, especially for the outpatients and juveniles. It shows a great potential to be applied to the monitoring of ARI cases in medical institutions.

A simple correction for COVID-19 sampling bias.

COVID-19 testing has become a standard approach for estimating prevalence which then assist in public health decision making to contain and mitigate the spread of the disease. The sampling designs used are often biased in that they do not reflect the true underlying populations. For instance, individuals with strong symptoms are more likely to be tested than those with no symptoms. This results in biased estimates of prevalence (too high). Typical post-sampling corrections are not always possible. Here we present a simple bias correction methodology derived and adapted from a correction for publication bias in meta analysis studies. The methodology is general enough to allow a wide variety of customization making it more useful in practice. Implementation is easily done using already collected information. Via a simulation and two real datasets, we show that the bias corrections can provide dramatic reductions in estimation error.

Fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Chinese herbal medicine as a source of novel antimicrobials - an update.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has now emerged as a global public health crisis, requiring the discovery of new and novel antimicrobial compounds, that may be precursors of future therapeutic antibiotics. Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) comes with a rich pedigree of holistic and empirical usage in Asia for the last 5000 years. Extracts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Dianthus superbus L. Forsythiae fructus (Lian Qiao), Lonicerae flos (Jin Yin Hua), Naemorhedi cornu, Platycladus orientalis Franco, Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum cuspidatum, Poria cocos (Schw.), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC, Rheum palmatum, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Scutellaria barbata, Scutellariae radix (Huang Qin) and Ursi fel (Xiong Dan) have shown to have antimicrobial properties against clinically significant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, as well as the mycobacteria (TB and non-tuberculous mycobacteria). Evidence is now beginning to emerge through systematic reviews of the outcomes of clinical studies employing CHM to treat infections. Of the 106 Cochrane systematic reviews on CHM, 16 (ca 15%) reviews examine CHM in the context of treating a specific infection disease or state. This update examines direct antimicrobial effect of CHM on bacterial pathogens, as well as synergistic effects of combining CHM with conventional antibiotics.

Real-world effectiveness of adalimumab in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa: the 1-year SOLACE study.

BACKGROUND: Long-term, real-word data are needed to help manage patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) through this recurrent, painful and debilitating disease. OBJECTIVES: To primarily measure real-world effectiveness of adalimumab in HS and to secondarily observe clinical course of HS in the light of patients' response. METHODS: In SOLACE, adults with moderate-to-severe HS in need for change in ongoing therapy were treated with adalimumab for up to 52 weeks as per physician's medical practice. Treatment effectiveness was measured by Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (HiSCR). Inflammatory nodules, abscesses and draining fistulas were counted, Hurley stage was assessed, and disease severity was rated using the International HS Severity Scoring System (IHS4). A post hoc analysis further explored the HiSCR response by abscess and inflammatory nodule (AN) count at baseline (low, medium and high) and gender. Spontaneously reported safety events were collected. RESULTS: From 23 Canadian centres, 69% of the 138 patients achieved HiSCR at week 24, which increased to 82% and 75% at week 52 in patients with medium and high AN counts, respectively. Gender (4 times the odds for female) and age at HS onset (5% decrease with each additional year) had an effect on achieving HiSCR. Treatment with adalimumab led to an important decrease in number of lesions in responders, with most gains observed in inflammatory nodules, more frequently in the lower body area of patients in the high AN count group. The IHS4 scores of responders were substantially lowered, with a larger decrease in patients of the high AN count group. No new safety signal was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of adalimumab was maintained during this 1-year period, and an optimal gain was documented for patients with medium and high AN counts. These real-world data support a prompt treatment of HS patients and the use of IHS4 to monitor treatment.

The impact of impulsivity on weight loss after bariatric surgery: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Impulsivity has been shown to be associated with obesity through links to pathological eating behavior such as binge eating. The recent literature suggests that impulsivity is linked to poorer outcomes post-bariatric surgery. Impulsivity can be measured in various ways and comprises of three broad domains: impulsive choice, impulsive action, and impulsive personality traits. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the current evidence on the impact of impulsivity on post-bariatric surgery weight loss. METHODS: A literature review was performed in February 2020. Original studies investigating the relationship between impulsivity and weight loss post-bariatric surgery were evaluated. RESULTS: Ten studies with a total of 1246 patients were analyzed. There were four case-control, four prospective observational and two retrospective observational studies. The postoperative follow-up ranged from 0.5 to 12 years. Eight studies measuring trait impulsivity did not show any association with weight loss post-bariatric surgery, although two studies reported an indirect effect of impulsivity on weight loss mediated via pathological eating behavior. Assessment of impulsive action by two studies showed that post-bariatric surgery weight loss is affected by impulsive action. CONCLUSION: Impulsivity may adversely affect postoperative outcomes after bariatric surgery. However, this may be specific to state impulsivity or impulsive action rather than trait impulsivity. Patients with a higher state impulsivity may benefit from closer follow-up post-bariatric surgery, as well as cognitive behavioral therapies targeting cognitive control over food. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, systematic review.

[Surgical treatment of primary liver cancer:a report of 10 966 cases].

Objective: To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of primary liver cancer. Methods: The clinical data of 10 966 surgically managed cases with primary liver cancer, from January 1986 to December 2019 at Hepatobiliary Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. The life table method was used to calculate the survival rate and postoperative recurrence rate. Log-rank test was used to compare the survival process of different groups, and the Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. In addition, 2 884 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with more detailed follow-up data from 2009 to 2019 were selected for survival analysis. Among 2 549 patients treated with hepatectomy, there were 2 107 males and 442 females, with an age of (56.6±11.1) years (range: 20 to 86 years). Among 335 patients treated with liver transplantation, there were 292 males and 43 females, with an age of (51.0±9.7) years (range: 21 to 73 years). The outcomes of hepatectomy versus liver transplantation, anatomic versus non-anatomic hepatectomy were compared, respectively. Results: Of the 10 966 patients with primary liver cancer, 10 331 patients underwent hepatectomy and 635 patients underwent liver transplantation. Patients with liver resection were categorized into three groups: 1986－1995(712 cases), 1996－2008(3 988 cases), 2009‒2019(5 631 cases). The 5-year overall survival rate was 32.9% in the first group(1986－1995). The 5-year overall survival rate of resected primary liver cancer was 51.7% in the third group(2009-2019), among which the 5-year overal survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and mixed liver cancer were 57.4%, 26.6% and 50.6%, respectively. Further analysis was performed on 2 549 HCC patients with primary hepatectomy. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates were 88.1%, 71.9%, 60.0%, and 41.0%, respectively, and the perioperative mortality rate was 1.0%. Two hundred and forty-seven HCC patients underwent primary liver transplantation, with 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates of 84.0%, 64.8%, 61.9%, and 57.6%, respectively. Eighty-eight HCC patients underwent salvage liver transplantation, with the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates of 86.8%, 65.2%, 52.5%, and 52.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival rates between the two groups with liver transplantation (P>0.05). Comparing the overall survival rates and recurrence rates of primary hepatectomy (2 549 cases) with primary liver transplantation (247 cases), the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates in patients within Milan criteria treated with hepatectomy and transplantation were 96.3%, 87.1%, 76.9%, 54.7%, and 95.4%, 79.4%, 77.4%, 71.7%, respectively (P=0.754). The 1-, 3-, 5-year recurrence rates were 16.3%, 35.9%, 47.6% and 8.1%, 11.7%, 13.9%, respectively(P<0.01). The 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-year overall survival rates in patients with no large vessels invasion beyond the Milan criteria treated with liver resection and transplantation were 87.2%, 65.9%, 53.0%, 33.0% and 87.6%, 71.8%, 71.8%, 69.3%, respectively(P=0.003); the 1-, 3-, 5-year recurrence rate were 39.2%, 57.8%, 69.7% and 29.7%, 36.7%, 36.7%, respectively (P<0.01). The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates in patients with large vessels invasion treated with liver resection and transplantation were 62.1%, 36.1%, 22.2%, 15.0% and 62.9%, 31.8%,19.9%, 0, respectively (P=0.387); the 1-, 3-, 5-year recurrence rates were 61.5%, 74.7%, 80.8% and 59.7%, 82.9%, 87.2%, respectively(P=0.909). Independent prognostic factors for both overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates of HCC patients treated with liver resection included gender, neoadjuvant therapy, symptoms, AST, intraoperative or postoperative blood transfusion, tumor number, tumor size, cirrhosis, macrovascular invasion, microvascular invasion, and pathological differentiation. Propensity score matching analysis of 443 pairs further showed that there was no significant difference in overall survival rate between anatomical liver resection and non-anatomical liver resection(P=0.895), but the recurrence rate of non-anatomical liver resection was higher than that of anatomical liver resection(P=0.035). Conclusions: In the past decade, the overall survival rate of HCC undergoing surgical treatment is significantly higher than before. For HCC patients with good liver function reservation, surgical resection can be performed first, and salvage liver transplantation can be performed after recurrence. The effect of salvage liver transplantation is comparable to that of primary liver transplantation. As for the choice of liver resection approaches, non-anatomical resection can reserve more liver tissue and can be selected as long as the negative margin is guaranteed.

Congenital Pyloric Atresia: Experience with a Series of 11 Cases and Collective Review.

INTRODUCTION: Pyloric atresia is a rare cause of congenital gastric outlet obstruction. It is often associated with epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Rarity and experience with 11 cases are the reason for this publication. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim and objective of this study is to present our experience of 11 cases of congenital pyloric atresia and correlate with available literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was retrospective cohort of 11 cases correlative comparative study. Data of all the 11 cases from 1982 to 2019 were collected, reviewed, and analyzed. The parameters studied included age, gender, antenatal diagnosis, postnatal diagnosis, preoperative management, intraoperative findings, postoperative course outcome, associated anomalies, and any genetic studies if done. All these parameters were compared with published data. RESULTS: There were 11 cases in the present series with six boys and five girls. Most of them presented at varying periods from birth to day 1 of life. DISCUSSION: Congenital pyloric atresia may be isolated or associated with EB. Three varieties of pyloric atresia were described. Association with EB increases the mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Review and analysis of 11 cases of pyloric atresia compared with published literature is being reported.

Unconventional Singularity in Anti-Parity-Time Symmetric Cavity Magnonics.

By engineering an anti-parity-time (anti-PT) symmetric cavity magnonics system with precise eigenspace controllability, we observe two different singularities in the same system. One type of singularity, the exceptional point (EP), is produced by tuning the magnon damping. Between two EPs, the maximal coherent superposition of photon and magnon states is robustly sustained by the preserved anti-PT symmetry. The other type of singularity, arising from the dissipative coupling of two antiresonances, is an unconventional bound state in the continuum (BIC). At the settings of BICs, the coupled system exhibits infinite discontinuities in the group delay. We find that both singularities coexist at the equator of the Bloch sphere, which reveals a unique hybrid state that simultaneously exhibits the maximal coherent superposition and slow light capability.

Generalized finite mixture of multivariate regressions with applications to therapeutic biomarker identification.

Finite mixtures of regressions have been used to analyze data that come from a heterogeneous population. When more than one response is observed, accommodating a multivariate response can be useful. In this article, we go a step further and introduce a multivariate extension that includes a latent overlapping cluster indicator variable that allows for potential overdispersion. A generalized mixture of multivariate regressions in connection with the proposed model and a new EM algorithm for fitting are provided. In addition, we allow for high-dimensional predictors via shrinkage estimation. This model proves particularly useful in the analysis of complex data like the search for cancer therapeutic biomarkers. We demonstrate this using the genomics of drug sensitivity in cancer resource.

[Cardiopulmonary coupling analysis in diagnosis of sleep disorders].

Objectives: To compare diagnostic consistency for chronic insomnia (CI) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) between cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) and polysomnographm (PSG). Methods: Two hundred and twenty-one patients were enrolled from the Department of Sleep Disorders, Chaohu Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University from July 2018 to December 2019, and monitored with overnight CPC and PSG simultaneously. According to clinical representations and PSG results, there were 88 males and 80 females with CI and OSA, including chronic insomnia (CI group, 93 cases), OSA (OSA group, 36 cases) and comorbid OSA with CI (COI group, 39 cases). The consistency of sleep and OSA parameters measured with CPC and PSG were analyzed. Results: (1)For all patients and CI group, the total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time measured by CPC were significantly higher than those measured with PSG, and the wake time after sleep onset (WASO) was significantly lower than that measured with PSG (the specific median comparisons were as follows 420.0 min vs 395.5 min, 93.7% vs 81.8%, 90.0 min vs 37.5 min, 18.0 min vs 63.0 min in CI group, respectively; 414.0 min vs 392.5 min, 91.9% vs 81.9%, 72.0 min vs 34.8 min, 24.0 min vs 58.4 min in all patients, respectively (all P≤0.001). However, in the OSA patients, the TST, SE, WASO, REM sleep time and NREM sleep time measured using two methods were similar (all P>0.05). (2) According to OSA criteria, the consistency between CPC and PSG was fair (κ=0.255). Only CPC has a certain degree of value for OSA screening when the AHI ≥ 20/h (κ=0.580, sensitivity: 0.85, specificity: 0.82, positive predictive value: 0.59, negative predictive value: 0.95, positive likelihood ratio: 4.72). Conclusion: CPC technology may overestimate the sleep quality of CI patients, and its consistency is fair compared with that of PSG in the diagnosis of OSA.

Nonreciprocity and Unidirectional Invisibility in Cavity Magnonics.

We reveal the cooperative effect of coherent and dissipative magnon-photon couplings in an open cavity magnonic system, which leads to nonreciprocity with a considerably large isolation ratio and flexible controllability. Furthermore, we discover unidirectional invisibility for microwave propagation, which appears at the zero-damping condition for hybrid magnon-photon modes. A simple model is developed to capture the generic physics of the interference between coherent and dissipative couplings, which accurately reproduces the observations over a broad range of parameters. This general scheme could inspire methods to achieve nonreciprocity in other systems.

Retraction Note: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation in rats decreases frontal cortex BDNF via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism.

This article1 has been retracted by the editor because an investigation by the National Institutes of Health concluded that the data represented by Figures 2a-c and 3e and Figure 4a were falsified. JT Arnold, SI Rapoport, RN Ertley, and RP Bazinet agree with this retraction. JS Rao and H-J Lee could not be reached for comment.

Fluorinated Reduced Graphene Oxide-Encapsulated ZnO Hollow Sphere Composite as an Efficient Photocatalyst with Increased Charge-Carrier Mobility.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) hollow spheres were prepared by the hydrothermal method and encapsulated with fluorinated reduced graphene oxide (FRGO) using a tetra- n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) linker to give an FRGO/ZnO composite. X-ray diffraction and microscopic studies revealed their hexagonal-wurtzite structure, spherical morphology, and size of the crystallite to be 26.7 nm. Diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy showed an optical band gap and semiconductive nature of the composite. Atomic force microscopy images show the surface topography of FRGO-encapsulated ZnO hollow spheres. The photoluminescence spectra depicted the electron-hole pair recombination order to be ZnO > RGO/ZnO > FRGO/ZnO. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrates the increased charge-carrier mobility of the FRGO/ZnO composite; the Rct values of ZnO, RGO/ZnO, and FRGO/ZnO were found to be 6.18 × 103, 4.07 × 103, and 3.45 × 103 Ω, respectively. All the three materials were employed as photocatalysts in the degradation of methylene blue under UV-365 nm radiation and the results exposed the higher photocatalytic activity of reduced fluorinated graphene oxide/ZnO than RGO/ZnO and bare ZnO hollow spheres. The increased photocatalytic activity of the composite is due to the enhanced vectorial transport of charge carriers at the interface of the FRGO/ZnO composite and suppression of charge-carrier recombination. The presence of fluorine in the RGO sheet introduces additional defects and leverages heterogeneous electron transport. In turn, mobility of light-generated charge carriers is increased and results in suppression of their recombination, which facilitates the photocatalytic process.