Identification and characterization of an α-1,3 mannosidase from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and its potential attenuation impact on allergy associated with cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant.

Core α-1,3 mannose is structurally near the core xylose and core fucose on core pentasaccharide from plant and insect glycoproteins. Mannosidase is a useful tool for characterization the role of core α-1,3 mannose in the composition of glycan related epitope, especially for those epitopes in which core xylose and core fucose are involved. Through functional genomic analysis, we identified a glycoprotein α-1,3 mannosidase and named it MA3. We used MA3 to treat allergen horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) separately. The results showed that after MA3 removed α-1,3 mannose on HRP, the reactivity of HRP with anti-core xylose polyclonal antibody almost disappeared. And the reactivity of MA3-treated PLA2 with anti-core fucose polyclonal antibody decreased partially. In addition, when PLA2 was conducted enzyme digestion by MA3, the reactivity between PLA2 and allergic patients' sera diminished. These results demonstrated that α-1,3 mannose was an critical component of glycan related epitope.

Genetic dissection of 26 meat cut, meat quality and carcass traits in four pig populations.

BACKGROUND: Currently, meat cut traits are integrated in pig breeding objectives to gain extra profit. However, little is known about the heritability of meat cut proportions (MCP) and their correlations with other traits. The aims of this study were to assess the heritability and genetic correlation of MCP with carcass and meat quality traits using single nucleotide polymorphism chips and conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes for MCP. RESULTS: Seventeen MCP, 12 carcass, and seven meat quality traits were measured in 2012 pigs from four populations (Landrace; Yorkshire; Landrace and Yorkshire hybrid pigs; Duroc, and Landrace and Yorkshire hybrid pigs). Estimates of the heritability for MCP ranged from 0.10 to 0.55, with most estimates being moderate to high and highly consistent across populations. In the combined population, the heritability estimates for the proportions of scapula bone, loin, back fat, leg bones, and boneless picnic shoulder were 0.44 ± 0.04, 0.36 ± 0.04, 0.44 ± 0.04, 0.38 ± 0.04, and 0.39 ± 0.04, respectively. Proportion of middle cuts was genetically significantly positively correlated with intramuscular fat content and backfat depth. Proportion of ribs was genetically positively correlated with carcass oblique length and straight length (0.35 ± 0.08 to 0.45 ± 0.07) and negatively correlated with backfat depth (- 0.26 ± 0.10 to - 0.45 ± 0.10). However, weak or nonsignificant genetic correlations were observed between most MCP, indicating their independence. Twenty-eight quantitative trait loci (QTL) for MCP were detected by GWAS, and 24 new candidate genes related to MCP were identified, which are involved with growth, height, and skeletal development. Most importantly, we found that the development of the bones in different parts of the body may be regulated by different genes, among which HMGA1 may be the strongest candidate gene affecting forelimb bone development. Moreover, as previously shown, VRTN is a causal gene affecting vertebra number, and BMP2 may be the strongest candidate gene affecting hindlimb bone development. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that breeding programs for MCP have the potential to enhance carcass composition by increasing the proportion of expensive cuts and decreasing the proportion of inexpensive cuts. Since MCP are post-slaughter traits, the QTL and candidate genes related to these traits can be used for marker-assisted and genomic selection.

Effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on antenatal mental disorders in China: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Maternal obesity is the most common medical condition among women of reproductive age worldwide. The pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain have been suggested to be associated with maternal mental disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on antenatal depression, stress, and anxiety. METHODS: In total, 4,890 pregnant women were enrolled in the present study, which is based on an ongoing prospective cohort study. We used self-reported pre-pregnancy weights and the last weights measured prior to delivery (using professional instruments) to calculate the pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain. The questionnaires used included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and 10-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). We used Pearson product-moment correlation and multivariable logistic regression models to examine the impact of the pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on different maternal mental disorders. RESULTS: After adjusting for conception, annual household income, occupation, education, smoking status, and drinking status, excessive gestational weight gain during pregnancy was associated with a greater chance of anxiety symptoms in the entire sample (adjusted model: odds ratio = 1.479, 95% confidence interval = 1.128, 1.938) and especially in women with a normal body mass index (adjusted model: odds ratio = 1.668, 95% confidence interval = 1.209, 2.302). However, the relationship between the maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and mental health was not significant. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with a normal pre-pregnancy body mass index had a greater chance of experiencing anxiety symptoms before delivery if gestational weight gain was excessive; however, its effects on depression or stress symptoms were not observed. The maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index may not be independently associated with maternal mental disorders.

[Exercise regulates bone metabolism via microRNAs].

It has been well documented that exercise can improve bone metabolism, promote bone growth and development, and alleviate bone loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely involved in the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and other bone tissue cells, and regulation of balance between bone formation and bone resorption by targeting osteogenic factors or bone resorption factors. Thus miRNAs play an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism. Recently, regulation of miRNAs are shown to be one of the ways by which exercise or mechanical stress promotes the positive balance of bone metabolism. Exercise induces changes of miRNAs expression in bone tissue and regulates the expression of related osteogenic factors or bone resorption factors, to further strengthen the osteogenic effect of exercise. This review summarizes relevant studies on the mechanism whereby exercise regulates bone metabolism via miRNAs, providing a theoretical basis for osteoporosis prevention and treatment with exercise.

Prevalence and risk factors of overt postpartum urinary retention among primiparous women after vaginal delivery: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum urinary retention (PUR) may lead to bladder neuromuscular damage and subsequently voiding dysfunction. However, the literature regarding the incidence of and risk factors for PUR remains unclear. Moreover, previously reported studies are limited to small sample sizes. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence of and risk factors for overt PUR after vaginal delivery. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study included all primiparas who delivered vaginally between July 1, 2017, and June 30, 2019, at our institution. The case group comprised 677 women diagnosed with overt PUR who required catheterisation after delivery. The control group comprised 677 women without overt PUR randomly selected in a 1:1 ratio matched for date of delivery and who delivered immediately after each woman with overt PUR to minimise the impact of variations over time in obstetric practice. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the factors associated with overt PUR. RESULTS: Of the 12,609 women included in our study, 677 were diagnosed with overt PUR (incidence 5.37%). Univariate analysis identified epidural analgesia, episiotomy, perineal tears, instrument-assisted delivery, duration of labour stage, intrauterine operation, and vulvar oedema as risk factors for PUR. Multivariate logistic regression identified epidural analgesia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.79, P = 0.005), vulvar oedema (OR = 6.92, 95% CI: 4.65-10.31, P < 0.001), forceps delivery (OR = 8.42, 95% CI: 2.22-31.91, P = 0.002), episiotomy (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.02-1.84, P = 0.035), and second-degree perineal tear (OR = 3.42, 95% CI: 2.37-4.94, P < 0.001) as significant independent risk factors for PUR. CONCLUSIONS: PUR was highly associated with epidural analgesia, forceps delivery, vulvar oedema, episiotomy, and second-degree perineal tears. More attention should be paid to women at high risk to reduce the incidence of PUR.

Assessing the accuracy of visual blood loss estimation in postpartum hemorrhage in Shanghai hospitals: A web-based survey for nurses and midwives.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at evaluating the accuracy of visual estimated blood loss in postpartum haemorrhage by midwives and nurses, as well as exploring its influencing factors. BACKGROUND: Timely recognition of postpartum haemorrhage is critical in saving maternal lives. Yet midwives and nurses can barely distinguish whether the blood loss has reached a life-threatening amount without precise measurement. Understanding their ability to accurately estimate the amount of blood loss and the influencing factors can help improve this ability with effective measures. DESIGN: This research was a multicenter cross-sectional survey with convenient sampling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using a modified online visual estimation questionnaire of blood loss, the QR code of this survey was sent to midwives and obstetrical nurses engaged in clinical practice in secondary and tertiary hospitals in Shanghai. A descriptive analysis was performed with demographics and the responses of visual estimated blood loss of each volume. The difference and consistency of the responses of each volume were evaluated. The relationship between each demographic characteristic and accuracy was explored. STROBE statement checklist was chosen for reporting the study process. RESULTS: A total of 361 midwives and nurses participated in the survey. The finding showed an overall accuracy of 30.52% (1763/5776), with 25.3% and 18.0% subjects distinguishing postpartum haemorrhage (500 ml) and severe postpartum haemorrhage (1000 ml), respectively. The Kappa coefficients were slight to moderate (0.037-0.590). There were no differences among the categories of gender, age, academic degree, position, title, working experience in years, working department and reported methods of blood loss estimation with regard to accuracy. However, having institutional guidance for blood loss calculation showed a significant relationship with higher accuracy. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: While representing a relatively well-developed area in China, the accuracy of visual estimated blood loss was not satisfactory, as suggested in other developed countries around the world. Training and institutional guidance on blood loss quantification should be provided in midwifery settings, regardless of how the level of medical development is advanced. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of VEBL was low even with a visual aid, especially when the volume exceeds 500 ml. To improve accuracy, institutions should make standardadized assessment guidance and provide regular training for blood loss quantification.

[Induced pluripotent stem cell technology and its application in disease research].

Since Takahashi and Yamanaka reported the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in 2006, the field of pluripotent stem cells has entered an unprecedented state of development. It plays an important role in disease modeling, drug discovery and cell therapy, and promotes the development of cell biology and regenerative medicine. At present, iPSC technology has become an important tool for studying of pathological mechanisms. New drugs screened by iPSC technology are being developed, and the number of clinical trials using iPSC-derived cells is gradually increasing. The latest research progress of iPSCs, combined with gene editing technology and 3D organoid methodology, promotes the further applications of iPSCs in disease research. In this review, we introduce the innovation of reprogramming methods in recent years, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of four reprogramming methods: integrated virus vector system, integrated non-viral vector system, non-integrated virus vector system and non-integrated non virus vector system. At the same time, we summarize the latest research progress on iPSCs in disease modeling and clinical treatment strategies, so as to provide a reference for further in-depth research in various fields of iPSCs.

[Molecular mechanism of microRNA in regulating cochlear hair cell development].

Deafness has become one of the most frequent health problems worldwide, and affects almost every age group. Hair cell damage or absence is the main cause of hearing loss, but there is no successful treatment to heal deafness. MicroRNA (miRNA), as a highly conserved endogenous non-coding small RNA, plays an important role in inner ear cochlea and hair cell development. In this review, we elaborate on the expression and function of miRNAs in cochlear hair cell development, and reveal its indispensable important role. We summarize the molecular mechanism of miRNA in regulating transcription factors involved in cochlear hair cell development, which may provide references and insights for hair cell regeneration in vivo and cellular transplantation therapy of deafness.

[Research progress on exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases].

Exosome is a specific subset of vesicles from intracellular origin vesicles containing varies of microRNAs, mRNAs, proteins and lipids. It has been demonstrated that contents of exosomes could be altered due to different physiological and pathological stress, which could be used as clinical biomarker to reveal the disease state. In addition, according to previous studies, exosomes could exert protective roles for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and ischemia/reperfusion injury, etc. The aim of this review is to summarize current research progress on exosomes, related implications in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and corresponding mechanisms.

Automatic classification of fetal heart rate based on a multi-scale LSTM network.

Introduction: Fetal heart rate monitoring during labor can aid healthcare professionals in identifying alterations in the heart rate pattern. However, discrepancies in guidelines and obstetrician expertise present challenges in interpreting fetal heart rate, including failure to acknowledge findings or misinterpretation. Artificial intelligence has the potential to support obstetricians in diagnosing abnormal fetal heart rates. Methods: Employ preprocessing techniques to mitigate the effects of missing signals and artifacts on the model, utilize data augmentation methods to address data imbalance. Introduce a multi-scale long short-term memory neural network trained with a variety of time-scale data for automatically classifying fetal heart rate. Carried out experimental on both single and multi-scale models. Results: The results indicate that multi-scale LSTM models outperform regular LSTM models in various performance metrics. Specifically, in the single models tested, the model with a sampling rate of 10 exhibited the highest classification accuracy. The model achieves an accuracy of 85.73%, a specificity of 85.32%, and a precision of 85.53% on CTU-UHB dataset. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating curve of 0.918 suggests that our model demonstrates a high level of credibility. Discussion: Compared to previous research, our methodology exhibits superior performance across various evaluation metrics. By incorporating alternative sampling rates into the model, we observed improvements in all performance indicators, including ACC (85.73% vs. 83.28%), SP (85.32% vs. 82.47%), PR (85.53% vs. 82.84%), recall (86.13% vs. 84.09%), F1-score (85.79% vs. 83.42%), and AUC(0.9180 vs. 0.8667). The limitations of this research include the limited consideration of pregnant women's clinical characteristics and disregard the potential impact of varying gestational weeks.

Identification and characterization of emGalaseE, a ß-1,4 galactosidase from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, and its application on living cell surface.

The biological function of terminal galactose on glycoprotein is an open field of research. Although progress had being made on enzymes that can remove the terminal galactose on glycoproteins, there is a lack of report on galactosidases that can work directly on living cells. In this study, a unique beta 1,4 galactosidase was isolated from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (Em). It exhibited favorable stability at various temperatures (4-37 °C) and pH (5-8) levels and can remove ß-1, 4 linked galactoses directly from glycoproteins. Using Alanine scanning, we found that two acidic residues (Glu-468, and Glu-531) in the predicted active pocket are critical for galactosidase activity. In addition, we also demonstrated that it could cleave galactose residues present on living cell surface. As this enzyme has a potential application for living cell glycan editing, we named it emGalaseE or glycan-editing galactosidase I (csgeGalaseI). In summary, our findings lay the groundwork for further investigation by presenting a simple and effective approach for the removal of galactose moieties from cell surface.

Single-cell profiling of the pig cecum at various developmental stages.

The gastrointestinal tract is essential for food digestion, nutrient absorption, waste elimination, and microbial defense. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the intestinal tract has greatly enriched our understanding of cellular diversity, functional heterogeneity, and their importance in intestinal tract development and disease. Although such profiling has been extensively conducted in humans and mice, the single-cell gene expression landscape of the pig cecum remains unexplored. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 45 572 cells obtained from seven cecal samples in pigs at four different developmental stages (days (D) 30, 42, 150, and 730). Analysis revealed 12 major cell types and 38 subtypes, as well as their distinctive genes, transcription factors, and regulons, many of which were conserved in humans. An increase in the relative proportions of CD8 + T and Granzyme A (low expression) natural killer T cells (GZMA low NKT) cells and a decrease in the relative proportions of epithelial stem cells, Tregs, RHEX + T cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were noted across the developmental stages. Moreover, the post-weaning period exhibited an up-regulation in mitochondrial genes, COX2 and ND2, as well as genes involved in immune activation in multiple cell types. Cell-cell crosstalk analysis indicated that IBP6 + fibroblasts were the main signal senders at D30, whereas IBP6 - fibroblasts assumed this role at the other stages. NKT cells established interactions with epithelial cells and IBP6 + fibroblasts in the D730 cecum through mediation of GZMA-F2RL1/F2RL2 pairs. This study provides valuable insights into cellular heterogeneity and function in the pig cecum at different development stages.

Ecological and human health hazards of soil heavy metals after wildfire: A case study of Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture, China.

Soil samples were collected in at different depths from the conflagration area in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Region, China, to investigate the distribution characteristics and ecological and human health risks of heavy metals after a wildfire. The samples collected comprise wildfire ash (WA) above the soil surface, ash soil (AS) 0-5 cm, and plain soil (PS) 5-15 cm below the soil surface. Additionally, reference soil (RS) was collected from a nearby unburned area at the same latitude as the conflagration area. The results showed that the concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in the WA and AS were significantly higher than in reference soil (RS) (p < 0.05). Concentrations of Pb in the PS were 2.52 times higher than that in RS (17.9 mg kg-1) (p < 0.05). The AS and WA had the highest Index of potential ecological risks (RI > 600). In addition, The Cd in AS and WA contributed the most to the highest Improved nemerow index (INI) and RI with a contribution of more than 80%. The concentration of heavy metals was used to establish non-carcinogenic effects and cancer risks in humans via three exposure pathways: accident ingestion of soil, dermal contact with soil, and inhalation of soil particles. Hazard index (HI) values of each sample were all less than 1, indicating the non-carcinogenic risk was within the acceptable range and would not adversely affect the local population's health. The Cancer risk (CR) values of Cr, As, Cd, and Ni were all below 1 × 10-6, indicating that heavy metal pollution from this wildfire did not pose a cancer risk to residents.

Single-cell dynamics of liver development in postnatal pigs.

The postnatal development of the liver, an essential organ for metabolism and immunity, remains poorly characterized at the single-cell resolution. Here, we generated single-nucleus and single-cell transcriptomes of 84,824 pig liver cells at four postnatal time points: day 30, 42, 150, and 730. We uncovered 23 cell types, including three rare cell types: plasmacytoid dendritic cells, CAVIN3+IGF2+ endothelial cells, and EBF1+ fibroblasts. The latter two were verified by multiplex immunohistochemistry. Trajectory and gene regulatory analyses revealed 33 genes that encode transcription factors associated with hepatocyte development and function, including NFIL3 involved in regulating hepatic metabolism. We characterized the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of liver endothelial cells, identified and validated leucine zipper protein 2 (LUZP2) as a novel adult liver sinusoidal endothelial cell-specific transcription factor. Lymphoid cells (NK and T cells) governed the immune system of the pig liver since day 30. Furthermore, we identified a cluster of tissue-resident NK cells, which displayed virus defense functions, maintained proliferative features at day 730, and manifested a higher conservative transcription factor expression pattern in humans than in mouse liver. Our study presents the most comprehensive postnatal liver development single-cell atlas and demonstrates the metabolic and immune changes across the four age stages.

Adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes of patients with history of recurrent miscarriage: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between a history of recurrent miscarriage (RM) and adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes in the subsequent pregnancy that progressed beyond 24 weeks. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A large tertiary maternity hospital. PATIENT(S): All women who booked for antenatal care and delivery between January 2014 and August 2021 were recorded. The study was limited to women with a singleton pregnancy, and to avoid intraperson correlation, we selected the first record of delivery from each mother in the study, leaving 108,792 deliveries for analysis. Obstetric and perinatal outcomes were compared among 1994 women (1.83%) with a history of ≥2 miscarriages (RM), 11,477 women (10.55%) with a history of 1 miscarriage, and 95,321 women (87.62%) with no history of miscarriage, respectively. INTERVENTION(S): Women with a history of ≥2 miscarriages or RM. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Obstetric complications included gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia (subclassified as preterm and term preeclampsia), placenta previa, placenta accreta, and fetal distress. Perinatal outcomes included emergency cesarean section, elective cesarean section, induction, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, stillbirth, Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal sex, congenital; malformation, low birth weight, and neonatal death. RESULT(S): After adjusting for relevant confounders, there was an increased risk of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes in a subsequent pregnancy for women with a history of RM, specifically for placental dysfunction disorders: preterm preeclampsia (risk ratio [RR] = 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.32), preterm birth (RR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.15-1.54)], and abnormal placentation, that is placenta previa (RR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.36-2.28), and placenta accreta (RR = 4.19; 95% CI, 2.75-6.13). CONCLUSION(S): Significant associations existed between a history of RM and the occurrence of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes including placental dysfunction disorders and abnormal placentation. These findings may contribute to the early detection and appropriate intervention for placenta-associated diseases in women with a history of RM, with the goal of avoiding or reducing the associated detrimental effects.

Genetic dissection and genomic prediction for pork cuts and carcass morphology traits in pig.

BACKGROUND: As pre-cut and pre-packaged chilled meat becomes increasingly popular, integrating the carcass-cutting process into the pig industry chain has become a trend. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of pork cuts would facilitate the selection of pigs with a higher overall value. However, previous studies solely focused on evaluating the phenotypic and genetic parameters of pork cuts, neglecting the investigation of QTLs influencing these traits. This study involved 17 pork cuts and 12 morphology traits from 2,012 pigs across four populations genotyped using CC1 PorcineSNP50 BeadChips. Our aim was to identify QTLs and evaluate the accuracy of genomic estimated breed values (GEBVs) for pork cuts. RESULTS: We identified 14 QTLs and 112 QTLs for 17 pork cuts by GWAS using haplotype and imputation genotypes, respectively. Specifically, we found that HMGA1, VRTN and BMP2 were associated with body length and weight. Subsequent analysis revealed that HMGA1 primarily affects the size of fore leg bones, VRTN primarily affects the number of vertebrates, and BMP2 primarily affects the length of vertebrae and the size of hind leg bones. The prediction accuracy was defined as the correlation between the adjusted phenotype and GEBVs in the validation population, divided by the square root of the trait's heritability. The prediction accuracy of GEBVs for pork cuts varied from 0.342 to 0.693. Notably, ribs, boneless picnic shoulder, tenderloin, hind leg bones, and scapula bones exhibited prediction accuracies exceeding 0.600. Employing better models, increasing marker density through genotype imputation, and pre-selecting markers significantly improved the prediction accuracy of GEBVs. CONCLUSIONS: We performed the first study to dissect the genetic mechanism of pork cuts and identified a large number of significant QTLs and potential candidate genes. These findings carry significant implications for the breeding of pork cuts through marker-assisted and genomic selection. Additionally, we have constructed the first reference populations for genomic selection of pork cuts in pigs.

Developmental dynamics of the single nucleus regulatory landscape of pig hippocampus.

The hippocampus is a brain region associated with memory, learning and spatial navigation, its aging-related dysfunction is a common sign of Alzheimer's disease. Pig is a good model for human neurodegenerative disease, but our understanding of the regulatory program of the pig hippocampus and its cross-species conservation in humans remains limited. Here, we profiled chromatin accessibility in 33,409 high-quality nuclei and gene expression in 8,122 high-quality nuclei of the pig hippocampus at four postnatal stages. We identified 510,908 accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) in 12 major cell types, among which progenitor cells such as neuroblasts and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells showed a dynamic decrease from early to later developmental stages. We revealed significant enrichment of transposable elements in cell type-specific ACRs, particularly in neuroblasts. We identified oligodendrocytes as the most prominent cell type with the greatest number of genes that showed significant changes during the development. We identified ACRs and key transcription factors underlying the trajectory of neurogenesis (such as POU3F3 and EGR1) and oligodendrocyte differentiation (RXRA and FOXO6). We examined 27 Alzheimer's disease-related genes in our data and found that 15 showed cell type-specific activity (TREM2, RIN3 and CLU), and 15 genes displayed age-associated dynamic activity (BIN1, RABEP1 and APOE). We intersected our data with human genome-wide association study results to detect neurological disease-associated cell types. The present study provides a single nucleus-accessible chromatin landscape of the pig hippocampus at different developmental stages and is helpful for the exploration of pigs as a biomedical model in human neurodegenerative diseases.

Quantification and visualization of meat quality traits in pork using hyperspectral imaging.

Accurate and rapid determination of meat quality traits plays key roles in food industry and pig breeding. Currently, most of the spectroscopic instruments developed for meat quality determination can only obtain the spectral average value of the sample, so it is difficult to evaluate the spatial variation of meat quality traits. In this study, we evaluated the predictive potential of 14 meat quality traits based on large-scale VIS/NIR hyperspectral images collected by SpecimIQ. When predictions were based solely on hyperspectral data, the prediction accuracy (R2cv) for the majority of meat qualities ranged from 0.60 to 0.70. After adding texture information, the prediction accuracy of all traits is improved by different magnitudes (R2cv increases from 1.5% to 16.4%). Finally, the best model was utilized to visualize the spatial distribution of Fat (%) and Moisture (%) to assess their homogeneity. These results suggest that hyperspectral imaging has great potential for predicting and visualizing various meat qualities, as well as industrial applications for automated measurements.

Extensive evaluation of prediction performance for 15 pork quality traits using large scale VIS/NIRS data.

Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VIS/NIRS) has been extensively used in the livestock and food industries to quantify meat quality. Here, we collected VIS/NIRS data of 1206 pigs longissimus muscle, measured the corresponding 15 meat quality traits, and used seven models to predict these meat quality traits. The prediction performances of 7 models varied among predicted traits, with the Rcv2 of most traits above 0.9 in the best model. We have also established a new method, spectral-wide association analysis (SWAS), to select the feature wavelengths of measured traits. Results showed that the prediction performance is proportionate to the number of identified significant association wavelengths. We used the selected wavelengths to perform prediction again, and the prediction accuracy was similar to results with full wavelength using the best model, indicating effectiveness of feature wavelengths selection methods.

Development and qualification of a size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle light scattering method for molecular weight determination of unfractionated heparin.

The molecular weight of unfractionated heparin was determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with multiangle light scattering (MALS) detection. The SEC/MALS method determines absolute molecular weight directly from the angular dependence of scattered light intensity as a function of concentration and does not rely on molecular weight standards for column calibration. The SEC/MALS method developed at Scientific Protein Laboratories was qualified in terms of specificity, precision, robustness, and accuracy. By eliminating the requirement of well-characterized molecular weight standards derived from heparin, the present procedure represents a clear improvement over the column calibration methods used in molecular weight determination. The SEC/MALS method is suitable for routine quality control of unfractionated heparin.