Prevalence and risk indicators of periodontal disease among high-school students in Tehran.

To identify the prevalence and risk indicators of periodontal disease in high-school students in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran, the periodontal condition of 867 students aged 15-19 years was assessed using the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). The results showed that 88.7% of these students had less than perfect periodontal health. Multiple regression analysis revealed that sex, parents' educational level, frequency of toothbrushing and flossing, preventive dental visits and presence of extracted teeth were significant risk indicators for periodontal disease. School-based oral health promotion and prevention programmes are needed.

Correlation between bone mineral density of jaws and skeletal sites in an Iranian population using dual X-ray energy absorptiometry.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the bone density of various regions of jaws and skeletal bones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 110 patients with a mean age of 55.01 ± 10.77 years were selected for the purpose of the present descriptive study. Dual X-ray Energy Absorptiometry (DXA) was carried out to determine bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur and lumbar vertebrae. Then all the subjects underwent DXA of the jaw bones and BMD values were determined at four jaw regions. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 statistical software, and the correlation between the various BMD values was determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results showed that 42.7% of females had normal BMD values in the femur, and in vertebrae, 20% were osteopenic and 37.3% suffered from osteoporosis, with statistically significant differences in the BMD values of the jaws between the three above-mentioned groups (P < 0.001). There was an increasing tendency toward osteopenia and osteoporosis with age. There was a positive correlation between BMD values of the femur and lumbar vertebrae and those of all the jaw regions under study (P < 0.005). There was a negative correlation (P < 0.01) between age and the BMD values of the femur, lumbar vertebrae and anterior maxilla. CONCLUSION: The bone density of the maxilla and mandible and presence of osteoporosis or osteopenia in these bones might reflect the same problem in skeletal bones.

Comparison of lateral window and osteotome techniques in sinus augmentation: histological and histomorphometric evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the lateral window and osteotome techniques for sinus lifting using histological and histomorphometric methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this clinical trial 10 patients (a total number of 14 sinus areas) who needed implant treatment in the atrophic posterior maxilla were enrolled. In all the cases the residual bone height between the sinus floor and the alveolar crest was less than 5 mm. Sinus augmentation was performed. The treatment modality for a given residual bone height was selected randomly and Bio-Oss was applied in all the cases as the graft material. After a healing period of about 10 months, in all the cases, the implants were placed and biopsies of alveolar crestal bone were obtained at the same time; biopsy specimens were evaluated using histological and histomorphometric methods. Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare distribution of variables in the two groups. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. RESULTS: The new bone was located in direct contact with the biomaterial without any gaps. This viable bone consisted of lacunae containing osteocytes. Infiltration of inflammatory cells did not exhibit any significant differences between the two techniques. Foreign body reaction was not observed in any cases. Histomorphometric evaluations demonstrated that The mean values of the new bone in the lateral window and osteotome techniques were 30±6.0 and 25.2±5.2, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups.. Moreover, the average quantity of residual biomaterial and connective tissue were similar for the two groups. CONCLUSION: The nature and the volume of the new bone in lateral window and osteotome techniques were the same.

Prevalence and risk indicators of periodontal disease among high-school students in Tehran

To identify the prevalence and risk indicators of periodontal disease in high-school students in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran, the periodontal condition of 867 students aged 15-19 years was assessed using the community periodontal index of treatment needs [CPITN]. The results showed that 88.7% of these students had less than perfect periodontal health. Multiple regression analysis revealed that sex, parents' educational level, frequency of toothbrushing and flossing, preventive dental visits and presence of extracted teeth were significant risk indicators for periodontal disease. School-based oral health promotion and prevention programmes are needed