D-dimer and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels to predict venous thromboembolism recurrence after discontinuation of anticoagulation for cancer-associated thrombosis.

BACKGROUND: Optimal duration of anticoagulation for cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) remains unclear. This study assessed D-dimer (DD) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels after the withdrawal of anticoagulation treatment to predict the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence among patients with CAT. METHODS: Prospective, multicentre study to evaluate CAT with ≥3 months of anticoagulation that was subsequently discontinued. Blood samples were taken when patients stopped the anticoagulation and 21 days later to determine the DD and hs-CRP levels. All patients were followed up for 6 months to detect VTE recurrence. RESULTS: Between 2013 and 2015, 325 patients were evaluated and 114 patients were ultimately enrolled in the study. The mean age was 62 ± 14 years and nearly 40% had metastasis. Ten patients developed VTE recurrence within 6 months (8.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.3-15.5%). The DD and hs-CRP levels after 21 days were associated with VTE recurrence. The subdistribution hazard ratios were 9.82 for hs-CRP (95% CI: 19-52) and 5.81 for DD (95% CI: 1.1-31.7). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified that hs-CRP and DD were potential biomarkers of VTE recurrence after discontinuation of anticoagulation in CAT. A risk-adapted strategy could identify low-risk patients who may benefit from discontinuation of anticoagulation.

Quality of life in patients with congestive heart failure and central sleep apnea.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of Cheyne-Stoke respiration-central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA) on quality of life (QOL) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). QOL was established using the MLHFQ (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire), and the FOSQ (Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire). METHODS: We examined 90 patients with CHF. The diagnosis of CSR-CSA was performed by polysomnography. We established a correlation between the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the MLHFQ and FOSQ scores. RESULTS: Five patients were excluded (obstructive sleep apnea). Of the 85 remaining patients, 25 presented CSR-CSA. The mean MLHFQ score was higher in patients with CHF and CSR-CSA (25.8+/-2.97 vs. 16.6+/-2.05; p=0.01), and showed a significant yet moderate correlation with the AHI. A lower mean FOSQ score was obtained for the group of patients with CHF and CSR-CSA (78.4+/-4.31 vs. 88.47+/-2.4; p=0.03), showing weak negative correlation with the AHI. CONCLUSION: According to the MLHFQ scores, it seems that CHF patients with CSR-CSA have a worse QOL than those with CHF alone. Although this could be attributable to a greater impairment of heart function in the former group, the FOSQ scores indicate some influence of their sleep disorder on the impairment of QOL.

[Severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a toddler]. / Síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño infantil de presentación grave.

We report the case of a 3-year-old boy who had experienced intense snoring, frequent awakenings, intense respiratory effort during sleep, and delayed growth starting at the age of 15 months. He underwent adenoidectomy at 18 months. Symptoms initially improved but reappeared 3 months after surgery. He underwent a second adenoidectomy, this time with tonsillectomy, but there was no significant clinical improvement. Polysomnography revealed severe sleep apnea-hypopnea with an apnea-hypopnea index of 45. Continuous positive airway pressure improved sleep quality, although some symptoms, mainly snoring, persisted. A third adenoidectomy was necessary to normalize his breathing pattern during sleep.

[Blood uric acid levels in patients with sleep-disordered breathing]. / Valores de ácido úrico en sangre en pacientes con trastornos respiratorios del sueño.

OBJECTIVE: Recurrent hypoxia associated with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) leads to an increase in the degradation of adenosine triphosphatase to xanthine and, secondarily, to an increase in uric acid concentrations. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is a correlation between uric acid levels in peripheral blood and sleep-disordered breathing, independently of known confounding factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study of 1135 patients evaluated for suspected SAHS. For all patients, a medical history was taken using a standardized protocol. In addition, biochemical analysis of venous blood and an overnight sleep study (with either conventional polysomnography or home monitoring) were carried out. RESULTS: The mean (SD) concentration of uric acid was 6.31 (1.5) mg/dL, and 36% of patients had concentrations above established normal values for their sex. We found a significant correlation between uric acid levels and some sleep study parameters (number of respiratory events, number of desaturations, or the cumulative percentage of time with oxygen saturation less than 90%). Those patients with more respiratory events (apnea-hypopnea index or respiratory event index >or= 30) had higher uric acid levels than those with mild or no SAHS. However, this difference was not apparent in the univariate analysis of variance, in which body mass index and cholesterol and triglyceride levels were considered confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Uric acid levels are positively correlated with the number of obstructive respiratory episodes and oxygen desaturations during sleep, but this correlation seems to be influenced by other factors, such as obesity.

Síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño infantil de presentación grave / Severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a toddler

Describimos el caso de un paciente varón de 3 años de edad, que desde los 15 meses presentaba un cuadro clínico consistente en ronquidos intensos, despertares frecuentes, esfuerzo respiratorio intenso durante el sueño y retraso del desarrollo pondoestatural. Se le practicó una adenoidectomía a los 18 meses de edad, con mejoría inicial de los síntomas, que sin embargo reaparecieron a los 3 meses de la cirugía. Se le realizó una segunda adenoidectomía, acompañada esta vez de amigdalectomía, sin mejoría significativa de la clínica. Se le efectuó una polisomnografía, que resultó diagnóstica de síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño de carácter grave, con un índice de apneas-hipopneas de 45. Tras comenzar tratamiento con presión positiva continua de la vía aérea mejoró la calidad del sueño, pero persistieron algunos de los síntomas, fundamentalmente el ronquido. Para normalizar su patrón respiratorio durante el sueño requirió, finalmente, una tercera adenoidectomía

We report the case of a 3-year-old boy who had experienced intense snoring, frequent awakenings, intense respiratory effort during sleep, and delayed growth starting at the age of 15 months. He underwent adenoidectomy at 18 months. Symptoms initially improved but reappeared 3 months after surgery. He underwent a second adenoidectomy, this time with tonsillectomy, but there was no significant clinical improvement. Polysomnography revealed severe sleep apnea-hypopnea with an apnea­hypopnea index of 45. Continuous positive airway pressure improved sleep quality, although some symptoms, mainly snoring, persisted. A third adenoidectomy was necessary to normalize his breathing pattern during sleep

Valores de ácido úrico en sangre en pacientes con trastornos respiratorios del sueño / Blood uric acid levels in patients with sleep-disordered breathing

Objetivo: La hipoxia recurrente del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea durante el sueño (SAHS) origina un aumento de la degradación de adenosintrifosfato a xantina y, secundariamente, de las concentraciones de ácido úrico. El propósito del presente estudio ha sido analizar si existe relación entre los valores de ácido úrico en sangre periférica y los trastornos respiratorios durante el sueño, independientemente de los factores de confusión conocidos. Pacientes y métodos: Se ha realizado un estudio transversal retrospectivo con 1.135 pacientes evaluados por sospecha de SAHS. A todos ellos se les realizaron una historia clínica protocolizada, un estudio bioquímico de sangre venosa y un estudio de sueño nocturno (polisomnografía convencional o poligrafía domiciliaria). Resultados: El valor medio (± desviación estándar) del ácido úrico fue de 6,31 ± 1,5 mg/dl, y el 36% de los pacientes presentaban unas concentraciones de uricemia superiores a las establecidas como normales según el sexo. Encontramos una correlación significativa entre los valores de ácido úrico y algunos parámetros de los estudios de sueño (número de eventos respiratorios, número de desaturaciones o el porcentaje de registro con saturación < 90%). Los pacientes con mayor número de eventos respiratorios (índice de apneas-hipopneas o índice de eventos respiratorios ≥ 30) tenían un valor más alto de ácido úrico que aquéllos sin SAHS o con SAHS leve, aunque esta diferencia desapareció al realizar un análisis de la variancia univariante en el que se consideraron factores de confusión el índice de masa corporal y los valores de colesterol y triglicéridos. Conclusiones: Los valores de uricemia aumentan a medida que lo hacen los episodios respiratorios obstructivos y las desaturaciones durante el sueño, pero este aumento parece condicionado por varios factores, como la obesidad

Objective: Recurrent hypoxia associated with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) leads to an increase in the degradation of adenosine triphosphatase to xanthine and, secondarily, to an increase in uric acid concentrations. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is a correlation between uric acid levels in peripheral blood and sleep-disordered breathing, independently of known confounding factors. Patients and methods: We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study of 1135 patients evaluated for suspected SAHS. For all patients, a medical history was taken using a standardized protocol. In addition, biochemical analysis of venous blood and an overnight sleep study (with either conventional polysomnography or home monitoring) were carried out. Results: The mean (SD) concentration of uric acid was 6.31 (1.5) mg/dL, and 36% of patients had concentrations above established normal values for their sex. We found a significant correlation between uric acid levels and some sleep study parameters (number of respiratory events, number of desaturations, or the cumulative percentage of time with oxygen saturation less than 90%). Those patients with more respiratory events (apnea-hypopnea index or respiratory event index ≥ 30) had higher uric acid levels than those with mild or no SAHS. However, this difference was not apparent in the univariate analysis of variance, in which body mass index and cholesterol and triglyceride levels were considered confounding factors. Conclusions: Uric acid levels are positively correlated with the number of obstructive respiratory episodes and oxygen desaturations during sleep, but this correlation seems to be influenced by other factors, such as obesity