The role of selected flavonols in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor-1 (TRAIL-R1) expression on activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Receptors (TRAIL-R) are an important factor of apoptosis in cancer cells. There are no data about the effect of flavonols on the receptor expression on a surface of macrophage like cells. In this study, the expression level of TRAIL-R1 on murine RAW264.7 macrophages in the presence of selected flavonols: galangin, kaempferol, kaempferide and quercetin, which differ from their phenyl ring substituents, were studied. The expression of TRAIL-R1 death receptors on non-stimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages was determined using flow cytometry. The results suggested that compounds being tested can modulate TRAIL-R1 expression and can enhance TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.

[Biological food contamination by allergic organisms occurring in the human environment]. / Biologiczne zanieczyszczenia zywnosci alergizujacymi organizmami wystepujacymi w srodowisku ludzkim.

The aim of the paper was the examination of allergic organisms presence, particularly of arthropods in dry food in rooms of their storage, as a factor of the environment sanitary and hygienic state. We examined 258 samples of swipes and alimentary products (i.e., eggs, flour, cereals, pea, bean, sugar, macaroni, and other) to identify arthropods within. Randomly taken samples were investigated for the presence of pathogenic bacteria and toxic moulds. "Arthropod's stroke" in 33% of 258 samples was found with significant differences connected with year of investigation. We found positive correlation between arthropod's stroke and bacteria presence.