Relationship between False Positive Screening Results of Down Syndrome and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.

Background: Maternal serum sample screening in the first and second trimesters has been commonly used to identify women who are at risk of fetal trisomy 21. In addition, these serum markers are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between false positive screening results of Down syndrome and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Material and Methods: This prospective, two-group, cohort study was conducted on 608 pregnant women who had undergone fetal contingent screening. They were selected through convenience sampling in the twentieth week of pregnancy and were followed up until delivery. The raw Odd Ratios (OR), Relative Risk (RR), and adjusted OR of adverse pregnancy outcomes were calculated in the false positive and true negative groups. Results: The adjusted OR of developing preeclampsia was 1.98 (95%CI: 1.14-3.42), and its RR was 2.13 (95%CI: 1.34-3.38) times higher in the false positive group. Moreover, the adjusted OR of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) was 2.80 (95%CI: 1.76-4.47), and its RR was 2.28 (95%CI: 1.54-3.36) times higher in the false positive group. The adjusted OR of Low Birth Weight (LBW) was 3.34 (95%CI: 1.97-5.64), and its RR was 2.65 (95%CI: 1.72-4.11) times higher in the false positive group. In addition, no significant difference was observed between false positive and true negative groups in terms of preterm birth. Conclusions: Women with a false positive fetal screening test result are more likely to suffer from preeclampsia, SGA, and LBW and require planned prenatal care.

Comparison of physical growth of teenage girls with low birth weight and normal weight of Isfahan in 2016 - 2017.

INTRODUCTION: One of the probable risks of low birth weight (LBW) is low body growth at teenage, and most of the parents are concerned about it. This study was conducted to compare the body growth of girls at teenage in two groups. METHODOLOGY: In this descriptive-comparative research, the body growth of 350 girls (250 students having normal birth weight (NBW) and 125 students having LBW) at the ninth grade in Isfahan, Iran, was studied. These students were chosen randomly out of 13 select schools from six districts of education in Isfahan, Iran. The data were analyzed by Independent t-test, Chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: This study showed that there is a meaningful difference in weight, height, BMI, and the age of menarche. The highest weight, height, and BMI frequency (52.8 kg, 162.8 cm, and 3.31, respectively) belongs to girls having NBW compared with girls having LBW (50.6 kg, 159.3 cm and 3.36, respectively) and Independent t-test showed that weight and height average and body mass index (BMI) of girls having NBW are higher meaningfully (P < 0.001). In addition, the girls having NBW had reached the age of menarche at 12.36 ± 1.12 and 12.09 ± 1.01 at girls having LBW. Furthermore, there was a meaningful difference (P < 0.001) between the ages of menarche. CONCLUSION: Regarding the existence, it is recommended that the children having LBW should be kept under special care. Of course, the resulted difference is not very important and concerning for the parents, but further study is needed to reach the final conclusion.

Optimizing the Interface between Hole Transporting Material and Nanocomposite for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

The performances of organometallic halide perovskite-based solar cells severely depend on the device architecture and the interface between each layer included in the device stack. In particular, the interface between the charge transporting layer and the perovskite film is crucial, since it represents both the substrate where the perovskite polycrystalline film grows, thus directly influencing the active layer morphology, and an important site for electrical charge extraction and/or recombination. Here, we focus on engineering the interface between a perovskite-polymer nanocomposite, recently developed by our group, and different commonly employed polymeric hole transporters, namely PEDOT: PSS [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)], PEDOT, PTAA [poly(bis 4-phenyl}{2,4,6-trimethylphenyl}amine)], Poly-TPD [Poly(N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-benzidine] Poly-TPD, in inverted planar perovskite solar cell architecture. The results show that when Poly-TPD is used as the hole transfer material, perovskite film morphology improved, suggesting an improvement in the interface between Poly-TPD and perovskite active layer. We additionally investigate the effect of the Molecular Weight (MW) of Poly-TPD on the performance of perovskite solar cells. By increasing the MW, the photovoltaic performances of the cells are enhanced, reaching power conversion efficiency as high as 16.3%.