Effects of Lactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT5711 on the immune response to influenza vaccination and the assessment of common respiratory symptoms in elderly subjects: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: Elderly people are particularly vulnerable to seasonal influenza. Therefore, vaccination is strongly recommended. However, the vaccine efficacy is lower in the elderly, owing to immunosenescence. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ability of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT5711 to enhance the immune response to the influenza vaccine in the elderly and to assess the effects on symptoms related to respiratory infections. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted between November 2015 and April 2016. A total of 98 nursing home residents, more than 65 years of age were randomly assigned to receive L. coryniformis K8 CECT5711 (3 × 109 CFU/day) or a placebo for 2 weeks before influenza vaccination. The primary outcome was the percentage of seroconversion. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) and respiratory symptoms associated with respiratory infections during the 5-month follow-up period. The serum cytokine and immunoglobulin levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: The percentage of responders to vaccination was higher in the probiotic group than in the control group (p = 0.036). L. coryniformis ingestion was associated with a significantly lower incidence of respiratory symptoms commonly associated with respiratory infections (p = 0.007) and lower consumption of analgesics (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The administration of L. coryniformis K8 CECT5711 to an elderly population increased the immune response against the influenza vaccine and decreased symptoms associated with respiratory infections. Probiotic administration may be a natural and safe strategy to improve the efficacy of vaccines and to protect against common respiratory infections in susceptible populations.

[Microbiological diagnosis of infections due to Chlamydia spp. and related species]. / Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones por Chlamydia spp. y especies relacionadas.

Until recently the number of completed genomes belonging to Chlamydia trachomatis was very low, despite its importance in Public Health. Now, there are currently sixty-six completed genomes of C.trachomatis sequenced in different parts of the world. This genomic revolution has helped in understanding its biology, as well as improved the sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis, and the development of epidemiological tools, not only for in C.trachomatis, but also for related species such as C.pneumoniae and C.psittaci. The diagnosis based on cell culture, serology and microimmunofluorescence is gradually being replaced by molecular techniques based on PCR or real-time PCR. This is because these molecular tests do not have cross-reactions problems and the procedures are easily standardised between laboratories. Moreover, molecular epidemiology tools described recently, such as Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR), have increased our knowledge on local and global epidemiology. This article focuses on the impact of the genomics advances achieved over the last few years as applied to the diagnosis, epidemiology and biology of the family Chlamydiaceae family and related species.

[Meningitis by Toscana virus in Spain: description of 17 cases]. / Meningitis por el virus Toscana en España: descripción de 17 casos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the clinical and epidemiological data from the first series of patients with meningitis by Toscana virus in Spain. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We analyzed a total of 724 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with suspicion of aseptic meningitis for virus isolation in cell culture. The clinical records of patients in whom Toscana virus was isolated were analyzed. RESULTS: Toscana virus was isolated in CSF in 17 patients (7% of all viral isolates). The first case was diagnosed in June 1988 and the last one in August 2002. The mean age was 27 years (range: 10-64 years). Most patients were based in rural area (n = 11, 64.7%). Most common symptoms were headache (holocranial or focal) present in all patients and moderate fever observed in 76.5% of them with a mean duration of 48 h (range: 18 h-5 days). Nuchal rigidity was present in 9 patients (53%). All cases were seen between June and October, and predominantly in August (53%). The outcome was favorable in all cases, and the mean time of duration of the disease was 7 days (range: 3-10 days). CONCLUSIONS: Toscana virus must be taken into account among those agents responsible of lymphocytic meningitis in Spain.

Sysmex UF-1000i performance for screening yeasts in urine.

We tested the capacity of the Sysmex UF-1000i system to detect yeasts in urine by screening a total of 22 132 urine samples received for culture in our microbiology laboratory during 1 year. We also analyzed different dilutions of previously filtered urine inoculated with a strain of Candida albicans. With clinical samples, a single cut-off point of 50 yeast-like cells (YLCs)/µL detected candiduria ≥10 000 colony forming units (CFU)/mL and >100 000 CFU/mL with a sensitivity of 87.3%/95.4%, a specificity of 97%, a negative predictive value of 95.9%, and a positive predictive value of 9.3%/5.7%. With the simulated samples, a linear relationship was observed between the dilution factor and the number of cells detected by UF-1000i. This instrument appears to be able to reliably rule out candiduria of a magnitude of at least 10 000 CFU/mL and facilitate urine sample screening, thereby providing fast results. The Sysmex UF1000i system can be adapted for candiduria screening by the use of an appropriate YLCs/µL cut-off point that takes account of the prevalence of candiduria in the population.

Granada virus: a natural phlebovirus reassortant of the sandfly fever Naples serocomplex with low seroprevalence in humans.

A new member of the phlebovirus genus, tentatively named Granada virus, was detected in sandflies collected in Spain. By showing the presence of specific neutralizing antibodies in human serum collected in Granada, we show that Granada virus infects humans. The analysis of the complete genome of Granada virus revealed that this agent is likely to be a natural reassortant of the recently described Massilia virus (donor of the long and short segments) with a yet unidentified phlebovirus (donor of the medium segment).

Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones por Chlamydia spp. y especies relacionadas / Microbiological diagnosis of infections due to Chlamydia spp. and related species

Hasta fechas muy recientes eran muy pocos los genomas de Chlamydia trachomatis disponibles, a pesar de su importancia en salud pública. Actualmente se están secuenciando 66 genomas completos de C. trachomatis. Esta revolución genómica está permitiendo comprender su biología, mejorar la sensibilidad y especificidad en el diagnóstico o desarrollar herramientas epidemiológicas no solo de C. trachomatis sino también de especies relacionadas, como C. pneumoniae o C. psittaci. El diagnóstico basado en cultivo celular, serología o microinmunofluorescencia está siendo progresivamente sustituido por técnicas de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos, al superarse los inconvenientes de escaso rendimiento o reacciones cruzadas y mejorar la estandarización entre laboratorios. Por otra parte, el desarrollo de técnicas de tipificación (MLST y VNTR) aplicadas a Chlamydiae ha aumentado el conocimiento de la epidemiología local y global aportando información sobre cómo esas bacterias evolucionan, causan brotes o adquieren mecanismos de resistencia. Esta revisión se centra en los grandes avances alcanzados en el conocimiento de las diferentes especies de Chlamydia, en parte debido a la innovación tecnológica aplicada a la genómica como una aproximación para explicar la revolución que, tanto en el diagnóstico como en su epidemiología, se ha observado en este grupo de bacterias en los últimos años

Until recently the number of completed genomes belonging to Chlamydia trachomatis was very low, despite its importance in Public Health. Now, there are currently sixty-six completed genomes of C. trachomatis sequenced in different parts of the world. This genomic revolution has helped in understanding its biology, as well as improved the sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis, and the development of epidemiological tools, not only for in C. trachomatis, but also for related species such as C. pneumonia and C. psittaci. The diagnosis based on cell culture, serology and microimmunofluorescence is gradually being replaced by molecular techniques based on PCR or real-time PCR. This is because these molecular tests do not have cross-reactions problems and the procedures are easily standardised between laboratories. Moreover, molecular epidemiology tools described recently, such as Multi-Locus Sequence Typing(MLST) and Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR), have increased our knowledge on local and global epidemiology. This article focuses on the impact of the genomics advances achieved over the last few years as applied to the diagnosis, epidemiology and biology of the family Chlamydiaceae family and related species