Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of oxidative stress: We should treat it that way.

Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease. As it progresses, it causes serious morbidity in the form of periodontal abscesses and tooth loss and, in the latter stages, pain. It is also now known that periodontitis is strongly associated with several nonoral diseases. Thus, patients with periodontitis are at greater risk for the development and/or exacerbation of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions. Although it is without question that specific groups of oral bacteria which populate dental plaque play a causative role in the development of periodontitis, it is now thought that once this disease has been triggered, other factors play an equal, and possibly more important, role in its progression, particularly in severe cases or in cases that prove difficult to treat. In this regard, we allude to the host response, specifically the notion that the host, once infected with oral periodontal pathogenic bacteria, will mount a defense response mediated largely through the innate immune system. The most abundant cell type of the innate immune system - polymorphonuclear neutrophils - can, when protecting the host from microbial invasion, mount a response that includes upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species, all of which then contribute to the tissue damage and loss of teeth commonly associated with periodontitis. Of the mechanisms referred to here, we suggest that upregulation of reactive oxygen species might play one of the most important roles in the establishment and progression of periodontitis (as well as in other diseases of inflammation) through the development of oxidative stress. In this overview, we discuss both innate and epigenetic factors (eg, diabetes, smoking) that lead to the development of oxidative stress. This oxidative stress then provides an environment conducive to the destructive processes observed in periodontitis. Therefore, we shall describe some of the fundamental characteristics of oxidative stress and its effects on the periodontium, discuss the diseases and other factors that cause oxidative stress, and, finally, review potentially novel therapeutic approaches for the management (and possibly even the reversal) of periodontitis, which rely on the use of therapies, such as resveratrol and other antioxidants, that provide increased antioxidant activity in the host.

Fluxo digital facilitando a cirurgia guiada com implante, pilar personalizado e provisório imediato / Digital workflow in a guided surgery with customized abutment and immediate provisional

Apresentaremos um fluxo de trabalho totalmente digital na reabilitação de um dente anterior que possa ser facilmente reproduzido e com resultados clínico e radiográfico satisfatórios. Será demonstrado como a Odontologia digital pode ajudar os dentistas na reabilitação com implantes, desde a cirurgia guiada até o pilar personalizado e restaurações fresadas. Paciente do sexo feminino, 57 anos, procurou atendimento em uma clínica privada em Porto Alegre, Brasil, para atendimento odontológico. Após avaliação clínica e radiográfica, observou-se fratura da raiz do dente 11 e a necessidade de extração do mesmo, planejando a instalação de um implante na região. Foi realizada impressão digital (Trios, 3 Shape, Copenhague, Dinamarca) e a tomografia computadorizada foi solicitada. As imagens foram importadas para o software coDiagnostiX (Dental Wings, Chemnitz, Alemanha) e uma cirurgia guiada foi planejada. Após o planejamento cirúrgico no software, a imagem STL com posição do implante foi exportada e aberta no software Dental System (3 Shape) para a personalização do pilar em zircônia sobre uma base de titânio (Neodent, Curitiba, Brasil). Além disso, o provisório foi projetado para ser fresado em PMMA. O guia cirúrgico foi impresso no P-Series (Rapidshape, Heimsheim, Alemanha), e o pilar de zircônia e o provisório foram fresados (DM5, Tecnodrill, Brasil). Sob anestesia local, o dente foi extraído com extrator e o implante (GM Drive, Neodent) foi instalado. O gap foi preenchido com Cerabone (Straumann), o pilar foi instalado e o provisório foi cimentado. Um tratamento rápido e confiável foi realizado, permitindo a instalação previsível do implante (AU).

This study presents a fully digital workflow in the rehabilitation of an anterior teeth that can be easily reproduced and shows a great clinical and radiographic outcome. It will be demonstrated how digital Dentistry can help dentists in the rehabilitation with implants, from guided surgery to customized abutment and milled restorations. A 57-year-old woman sought dental care in a private clinic in Porto Alegre, Brazil. After clinical and radiographic assessment, root fracture of an upper right incisor was observed, and the need for its extraction, immediate implant placement was chosen as the treatment plan. Digital impression (Trios, 3 Shape, Denmark) was performed and a CBCT was requested. Images were imported to coDiagnostiX software (Dental Wings, Chemnitz, Alemanha) and a guided surgery was planned. After implant planning in the software, the STL image with the implant position was exported and opened in the Dental System software (3 Shape) for abutment customization in zirconium over a titanium base (Neodent, Curitiba, Brazil). Also, the temporary crown was designed to be milled in PMMA. Surgical guide was printed in P-Series (Rapidshape, Heimsheim, Alemanha), and the zirconium abutment and the provisional were milled (DM5, Tecnodrill, Brazil). Patient was scheduled for surgery and under local anesthesia the tooth was extracted with extractor. Implant (GM Drive, Neodent) was placed and the gap was filled with Cerabone (Straumann), abutment was installed and the provisional was cemented. A fast and reliable treatment was conducted, allowing a predictable implant placement (AU).

Como otimizar a confecção da prótese total sobre implantes em casos de cirurgia guiada / How to optimize the fabrication of implant-supported full-arch prostheses in guided surgery ­ a case report

O presente trabalho apresentou um caso de cirurgia guiada onde o guia cirúrgico foi modificado para facilitar a posterior confecção da prótese fixa sobre implantes, minimizando o risco de falhas na adaptação e na relação interoclusal. Foi descrito o passo a passo das fases cirúrgica e protética de uma cirurgia guiada de paciente desdentado total, atentando para as vantagens de tal técnica, como a alta taxa de sobrevivência dos implantes, a elevada satisfação do paciente e a baixa perda óssea marginal ao redor dos implantes.

The present study presents a guided surgery case, where the surgical stent has been modified to facilitate the confection of an implant-supported prosthesis, reducing the risk of failures during fit and interocclusal registration. The step-by-step surgical and prosthetic approach is described, highlightening the advantages of this technique such as high implant survival rates, patient satisfaction, and low peri-implant bone loss.