[Results of a multidisciplinary and multifocal project to reduce bacteraemia caused by central venous catheters in non critical patients in a university hospital]. / Resultados de un proyecto multidisciplinar y multifocal para la disminución de la bacteriemia causada por catéter venoso central, en pacientes no críticos, en un hospital universitario.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a multidisciplinary and multifocal intervention in order to reduce catheter related bloodstream infections (CRBI), based on previously identified risk factors in non-critical patients. METHODS: A pre-post-intervention study, 2004-2006. POPULATION: patients with a central venous catheter (CVC). The primary endpoint was the CRBI. Other studied variables were patient characteristics, insertion, maintenance and removal of the catheter. The intervention consisted of baseline knowledge and identifying risk factors. In a second period, there was specific training on these identified risk factors and communication of the results, monitoring and evaluation of the CVC inserted. RESULTS: We analysed 175 and 200 CVC, respectively. The incidence of CRBI was 15.4% during the pre-intervention and 4.0% in the post-intervention period (P<.001). The incidence of BRC by CVC days in the first group was 8.8 infections 1.000 days of CVC and the second 2,3 (P=.0009). The multivariate analysis found an increased risk of CRBI during the first period (OR 4.32; 95% CI: 1.81-10.29) and the use of total parenteral nutrition (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.10-5. 12). CONCLUSION: The application of specific measures directed at all non-critical patients in the entire hospital and involving a large number of professionals has achieved a decrease incidence of 73.9% of CRBI. An acceptable incidence of CRBI was obtained, and, with the completion of the project together with a new awareness, the situation will continue to improve.

[Impact of the availability of an external nuclear medicine service in the application of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer surgery]. / Impacto de la disponibilidad de un servicio externo de medicina nuclear en la aplicación de la biopsia del ganglio centinela en cirugía del cáncer de mama.

INTRODUCTION: To perform sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), nuclear medicine services that have previously undergone a validation phase are required. The aim of the present study was to analyze the possibility of performing this technique with a previously validated, external nuclear medicine service and to study its impact on the indication for radical axillary lymphadenectomy (RAL) and on length of postoperative hospital stay. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective study in a cohort of patients with breast cancer starting from the introduction of SLNB in our center, which was made possible by collaboration with an external nuclear medicine service that performed lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel node detection. Intraoperative detection was performed through a portable probe. The feasibility of the project and its clinical impact were analyzed, taking a reduction in the number of lymphadenectomies and length of hospital stay as endpoints. RESULTS: A total of 196 patients with 201 breast carcinomas were treated. The most frequent interventions were tumorectomy (TC) with SLNB in 124 patients (62%), and TC with SLNB and RAL in 62 patients (31%). Sentinel node visualization on lymphoscintigraphy was achieved in 187/201 carcinomas (93.1%) and sentinel nodes were detected during the intervention in 182/187 carcinomas (97.4%). Sentinel node detection in the internal mammary chain was achieved in 23/201 carcinomas (11.4%). RAL was avoided in 131 of the 201 carcinomas (65%). Days of postoperative hospital stay with or without RAL showed a mean difference of 1.8 days (3.1 vs. 1.3; P < .001). CONCLUSION: SLNB is feasible with the collaboration of an external nuclear medicine service. This technique avoids 65% of RAL and reduces length of postoperative stay by 1.8 days.

Resultados de un proyecto multidisciplinar y multifocal para la disminución de la bacteriemia causada por catéter venoso central, en pacientes no críticos, en un hospital universitario / Results of a multidisciplinary and multifocal project to reduce bacteraemia caused by central venous catheters in non critical patients in a university hospital

Objetivo Evaluar una intervención multidisciplinar y multifocal en pacientes no críticos, para la reducción de bacteriemias relacionadas con los catéteres venosos centrales (BRC), basada en la corrección de factores de riesgo de la propia institución. Métodos Estudio pre-postintervención, 2004-2006. Población de estudio: pacientes portadores de catéter venoso central (CVC), la variable principal fue la BRC; otras variables fueron datos del paciente, de inserción, mantenimiento y retirada del catéter. La intervención consistió en conocer la situación basal e identificar factores de riesgo, y en el segundo período mejoras en el protocolo de inserción y mantenimiento de CVC, formación específica sobre los factores de riesgo, difusión de resultados, seguimiento y evaluación de los CVC insertados. Resultados Se analizaron 175 y 200 CVC respectivamente. Se observó una incidencia de BRC de 15,4% durante el periodo preintervención y de 4,0% en el período post-intervención (p<0,001). La incidencia de BRC por días de CVC en el primer grupo fue de 8,8 infecciones por 1.000 días de CVC y en el segundo 2,3 (p=0,009). En el análisis multivariado se encontró aumento del riesgo de BRC en los CVC insertados durante el primer periodo (OR:4,32; IC 95%:1,81-10,29), y en el uso de nutrición parenteral total, (OR:2,37; IC 95%:1,10-5,12).Conclusión La aplicación de medidas específicas dirigidas a todo el hospital e implicando a un gran número de profesionales, ha conseguido una disminución del 73,9% de BCR, situando la bacteriemia en cifras aceptables y creando una “cultura” responsable de que, una vez terminado el proyecto, las tasas de BRC siguieran mejorando (AU)

Objective To evaluate a multidisciplinary and multifocal intervention in order to reduce catheter related bloodstream infections (CRBI), based on previously identified risk factors in non-critical patients. MethodsA pre-post-intervention study, 2004-2006. Population: patients with a central venous catheter (CVC). The primary endpoint was the CRBI. Other studied variables were patient characteristics, insertion, maintenance and removal of the catheter. The intervention consisted of baseline knowledge and identifing risk factors. In a second period, there was specific training on these identified risk factors and communication of the results, monitoring and evaluation of the CVC inserted. Results We analysed 175 and 200 CVC, respectively. The incidence of CRBI was 15.4% during the pre-intervention and 4.0% in the post-intervention period (P<.001). The incidence of BRC by CVC days in the first group was 8.8 infections 1.000 days of CVC and the second 2,3 (P=.0009). The multivariate analysis found an increased risk of CRBI during the first period (OR 4.32; 95% CI: 1.81-10.29) and the use of total parenteral nutrition (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.10-5. 12).Conclusion The application of specific measures directed at all non-critical patients in the entire hospital and involving a large number of professionals has achieved a decrease incidence of 73.9% of CRBI. An acceptable incidence of CRBI was obtained, and, with the completion of the project together with a new awareness, the situation will continue to improve (AU)

Impacto de la disponibilidad de un servicio externo de medicina nuclear en la aplicación de la biopsia del ganglio centinela en cirugía del cáncer de mama / Impact of the availability of an external nuclear medicine service in the application of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer surgery

Introducción. La realización de la técnica de la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela (BSGC) en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama requiere disponer de un servicio de medicina nuclear (SMN) y de la validación de su técnica. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la posibilidad de realizar esta técnica con un SMN externo ya validado, y estudiar su impacto en la indicación de la linfadenectomía axilar radical (LAR) y en la estancia postoperatoria. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio prospectivo en una cohorte de pacientes con cáncer de mama a partir de la implantación en nuestro centro de la técnica de la BSGC gracias a la colaboración de un SMN externo que realizaba la linfogammagrafía y la detección del ganglio centinela (GC), en tanto que su identificación intraoperatoria se llevaba a cabo mediante una sonda portátil. Se analiza la viabilidad del proyecto y su impacto clínico tomando como resultados finales la disminución del número de linfadenectomías y la estancia hospitalaria. Resultados. Se ha tratado a 196 pacientes, con 201 carcinomas de mama. Las intervenciones mayoritarias fueron la tumorectomía (TC) con BSGC en 124 casos (62%), y la TC con BSGC y LAR en 62 casos (31%). La visualización del GC en la linfogammagrafía se obtuvo en 187 de 201 casos (93,1%) y se ha detectado el GC durante la intervención en 182 de los 187 (97,4%) casos. La detección de GC en la cadena mamaria interna se ha producido en 23 de los 201 casos (11,4%). Se ha evitado la LAR en 131 de los 201 casos (65%). La diferencia de días de ingreso postoperatorio con o sin LAR fue de una media de 1,8 días (3,1 frente a 1,3; p < 0,001). Conclusiones. La técnica de BSGC ha sido factible con la colaboración de un SMN externo; se evitó el 65% de las LAR y disminuyó la estancia media en 1,8 días (AU)

Introduction. To perform sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), nuclear medicine services that have previously undergone a validation phase are required. The aim of the present study was to analyze the possibility of performing this technique with a previously validated, external nuclear medicine service and to study its impact on the indication for radical axillary lymphadenectomy (RAL) and on length of postoperative hospital stay. Patients and methods. We performed a prospective study in a cohort of patients with breast cancer starting from the introduction of SLNB in our center, which was made possible by collaboration with an external nuclear medicine service that performed lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel node detection. Intraoperative detection was performed through a portable probe. The feasibility of the project and its clinical impact were analyzed, taking a reduction in the number of lymphadenectomies and length of hospital stay as endpoints. Results. A total of 196 patients with 201 breast carcinomas were treated. The most frequent interventions were tumorectomy (TC) with SLNB in 124 patients (62%), and TC with SLNB and RAL in 62 patients (31%). Sentinel node visualization on lymphoscintigraphy was achieved in 187/201 carcinomas (93.1 %) and sentinel nodes were detected during the intervention in 182/187 carcinomas (97.4%). Sentinel node detection in the internal mammary chain was achieved in 23/201 carcinomas (11.4%). RAL was avoided in 131 of the 201 carcinomas (65%). Days of postoperative hospital stay with or without RAL showed a mean difference of 1.8 days (3.1 vs. 1.3; P<.001). Conclusion. SLNB is feasible with the collaboration of an external nuclear medicine service. This technique avoids 65% of RAL and reduces length of postoperative stay by 1.8 days (AU)