A Parotid Gland Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma in a 4-Year-Old Boy: Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is characterized by similar histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features with breast secretory carcinoma. MASC usually occurs in adults. Case report: A 4-year-old boy presented with a right infra-auricular mass. Features of the tumor include solid, tubular, and papillary growth patterns, with homogenous eosinophilic secretions inside microcystic structures. Immunohistochemical stains showed strong, diffuse staining for CK7, S100, pan-TRK protein. P63 was positive in a peripheral pattern. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed the characteristic ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Conclusion: Typical histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features are present in MASC occurring early in childhood.

Ribosome assembly factor URB1 contributes to colorectal cancer proliferation through transcriptional activation of ATF4.

Ribosome assembly factor URB1 is essential for ribosome biogenesis. However, its latent role in cancer remains unclear. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database and clinical tissue microarray staining showed that URB1 expression was upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and prominently related to clinicopathological characteristics. Silencing of URB1 hampered human CRC cell proliferation and growth in vitro and in vivo. Microarray screening, ingenuity pathway analysis, and JASPAR assessment indicated that activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) are potential downstream targets of URB1 and could transcriptionally interact through direct binding. Silencing of URB1 significantly decreased ATF4 and cyclin A2 (CCNA2) expression in vivo and in vitro. Restoration of ATF4 effectively reversed the malignant proliferation phenotype of URB1-silenced CRC cells. Dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP assays indicated that XBP1 transcriptionally activated ATF4 by binding with its promoter region. X-box binding protein 1 colocalized with ATF4 in the nuclei of RKO cells, and ATF4 mRNA expression was positively regulated by XBP1. This study shows that URB1 contributes to oncogenesis and CRC growth through XBP1-mediated transcriptional activation of ATF4. Therefore, URB1 could be a potential therapeutic target for CRC.

Prevalence of and risk factors for depressive symptoms among people living with HIV/AIDS receiving antiretroviral treatment in Wuhan, China: a short report.

We aimed to explore the prevalence of and risk factors for depressive symptoms (DS) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Wuhan, Hubei, China. A cross-sectional study evaluating adult PLWHA receiving ART in nine designated clinical hospitals was conducted from October to December 2015. The validated Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess DS in eligible participants. Socio-demographical, epidemiological and clinical data were directly extracted from the case reporting database of the China HIV/AIDS Information Network. Multinomial regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for DS. 394 participants were finally included in all analyses. 40.3% were found to have DS with 13.7% having mild DS and 26.6% having moderate to severe DS. The results of multinomial regression analysis suggested that being married or living with a partner, recent experience of ART-related side effects, and/or history of HCV infection were positively associated with mild DS, while increasing age was positively associated with moderate to severe DS.

Association between all-cause mortality and vascular complications in U.S. adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (NHANES 1999-2018).

AIMS: The impact of macrovascular and microvascular complications, the common vascular complications of type 2 diabetes, on long-term mortality has been well evaluated, but the impact of different complications of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (diagnosed within the past 2 years) on long-term mortality has not been reported. We aimed to investigate the relationship between all-cause mortality and vascular complications in U.S. adults (aged ≥ 20 years) with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We used data from the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES). Cox proportional hazard models was used to assess hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 928 participants were enrolled in this study. At a mean follow-up of 10.8 years, 181 individuals died. In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of all-cause mortality for individuals with any single complication compared with those with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes without complications was 2.24 (1.37, 3.69), and for individuals with two or more complications was 5.34 (3.01, 9.46).Co-existing Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) at baseline were associated with the highest risk of death (HR 6.07[2.92-12.62]), followed by CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR 4.98[2.79-8.89]) and CVD and DR (HR 4.58 [1.98-10.57]). CONCLUSION: The presence of single and combined diabetes complications exerts a long-term synergistic adverse impact on overall mortality in newly diagnosed U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes, underscoring the importance of comprehensive complication screening to enhance risk stratification and treatment.

Transient embolization with microspheres of polyhydroxyalkanoate renders efficient adenoviral transduction of pancreatic capillary in vivo.

BACKGROUND: Our previous study showed an efficient targeting of islets of Langerhans by adenoviral injection via the celiac trunk. Unexpectedly, none of the endothelial cells was infected given the direct contact between adenoviruses and the capillary wall. The present study intended to provide an efficient approach for adenoviral targeting of the microcapillary endothelial cells in the pancreas. METHODS: We prepared microspheres of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) with a size comparable to the diameter of capillary (5-10 µm). Scanning electron microscopy was applied to verify that adenoviruses carrying a green fluorescence protein gene were complexed with PHBHHx-microspheres after 30 min of co-incubation. The complexes were then injected into the pancreas of mice via the celiac trunk. RESULTS: Approximately 40% of endothelial cells in the pancreas were labeled 5 days after surgery. Islet cells were labeled occasionally, whereas labeling of the acinar and ductal tissues was barely detectable. Endothelium targeting was inefficient in other internal organs. Consistent with the reported superior tissue compatibility of PHBHHx, no discernable microspheres were found in all of the organs examined. Furthermore, splenocyte activation was dampened when adenoviruses were complexed with the microspheres. CONCLUSIONS: The present study has established an approach for efficient pancreatic capillary targeting by using microsphere-adenoviral complexes. This procedure could be invaluable for the treatment of capillary-related diseases.

Emotional and neurobehavioural status in chronic pain patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the emotional and neurobehavioural status of patients suffering from chronic pain. METHODS: Fifteen male patients with chronic lower back pain and 15 healthy control subjects were studied for approximately six months. Pain was measured using a visual analogue scale. The WHO Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB) was used to assess neurobehavioural effects of environmental and occupational exposures. RESULTS: Visual analogue scale results demonstrated a modest range of reported pain (mean [± SD] 62.0 ± 10.8) in chronic pain patients, whereas control subjects reported no measurable pain. With the NCTB, it was found that scores of negative mood state, including anger-hostility, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia and tension-anxiety in pain patients were significantly higher than scores in the control subjects. By contrast, scores of positive mood state (vigour-activity) in chronic pain patients were lower than those in the control group. The NCTB scores of the Santa Ana Dexterity and Pursuit Aiming II tests in chronic lower back pain patients were lower than those of the control group. Scores for other NCTB subtests, including the Digit Span, Benton Visual Retention and Digit Symbol tests, were not significantly different compared with controls. Asunto(s) Emociones , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/etiología , Dolor/complicaciones , Dolor/psicología , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiología , Adulto , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Dolor/diagnóstico , Dimensión del Dolor , Estimulación Luminosa , Retención en Psicología/fisiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

Diagnostic performance of two specific schistosoma japonicum immunological tests for screening schistosoma haematobium in school children in Zambia.

Dipstick Dye Immunoassay (DDIA) and Indirect Haemagglutination Assay (IHA), are two commercially available kits which have been widely used for screening Schistosoma japonicum in P.R. China. Whether they can be used for screening of Schistosoma haematobium are not clear. In order to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of DDIA and IHA for screening Schistosoma haematobium, serum samples were collected from pupils in endemic areas in Zambia, Southern Africa, and tested by DDIA and IHA by single-blind manner. Meanwhile, the pupils were microscopically examined by infection with Schistosoma and soil-transmitted helminths, visually observed for parasite eggs. Of the enrolled 148 pupils, 61% tested positive for S. haematobium infection, while 31% and 36% of pupils were infected with hookworm and Ascaris respectively. Regarding the parasitological tests as reference standard, for the diagnosis of S. haematobium infection, IHA performed higher sensitivity (74%, 95% CI: 65%-83%) than that of DDIA (60%, 95%CI: 49%-70%). The sensitivities of IHA and DDIA are significant higher in 10-14 years old students than those of 7-9 years old group. The specificity of DDIA and IHA were 61% (95%CI: 49%-74%) and 72% (95%CI: 60%-84%), respectively. The co-infection with STHs decreased the specificity of DDIA but had no impact on that of IHA. Our study indicated that IHA has more potential as an alternative diagnostic tool for identifying schistosomiasis haematobium but need further improvement.

An overview of type E botulism in China.

The geographical distribution of C. botulinum type E and its associated disease, type E botulism in China, is different from that in other areas of the world. Cases of type E botulism generally arise in costal regions. In China, however, type E botulism is found primarily in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau of northwest China far from the ocean, at an altitude of approximately 4-5 km. The foods most commonly associated with the disease are fermented grain and beans as well as raw meat. A suspected outbreak of type E botulism poisoning in the central costal region of China in the 1990s prompted the collection and analysis of samples of mud, sand, and fish from the region. The toxin produced by type E botulinum was found in these samples. Surprisingly, though, upon further analysis, the strain isolated from the samples was identified not as type E C. botulinum, but as the neurotoxigenic bacterium Clostridium butyricum.

Blood Pressure Variability May Be a New Predictor for the Occurrence and Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Despite declines in morbidity and mortality in recent years, ischemic stroke (IS) remains one of the leading causes of death and disability from cerebrovascular diseases. Addressing the controllable risk factors underpins the successful clinical management of IS. Hypertension is one of the most common treatable risk factors for IS and is associated with poor outcomes. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has revealed that patients with hypertension have a higher incidence of blood pressure variability (BPV) than those without hypertension. Meanwhile, increased BPV has been identified as a risk factor for IS. The risk of IS is higher and the prognosis after infarction is worse with higher BPV, no matter in the acute or subacute phase. BPV is multifactorial, with alterations reflecting individual physiological and pathological changes. This article reviews the current research advances in the relationship between BPV and IS, with an attempt to raise awareness of BPV among clinicians and IS patients, explore the increased BPV as a controllable risk factor for IS, and encourage hypertensive patients to control not only average blood pressure but also BPV and implement personalized blood pressure management.

Generation of male germ cells in vitro from the stem cells / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Infertility has become a serious disease since it affects 10%-15% of couples worldwide, and male infertility contributes to about 50% of the cases. Notably, a significant decrease occurs in the newborn population by 7.82 million in 2020 compared to 2016 in China. As such, it is essential to explore the effective methods of obtaining functional male gametes for restoring male fertility. Stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), possess the abilities of both self-renewal and differentiation into germ cells. Significantly, much progress has recently been achieved in the generation of male germ cells in vitro from various kinds of stem cells under the specified conditions, e.g., the coculturing with Sertoli cells, three-dimensional culture system, the addition of growth factors and cytokines, and/or the overexpression of germ cell-related genes. In this review, we address the current advance in the derivation of male germ cells in vitro from stem cells based on the studies of the peers and us, and we highlight the perspectives and potential application of stem cell-derived male gametes in reproductive medicine.

[Effects of Tcd A on Rho GTPases and the Cytoskeleton of Leukemia Cell Line K562].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of clostridium difficile toxin A(TcdA) on the Rho GTPases and the cytoskeleton in K562 cells. METHODS: K562 cells were cultured in vitro with different concentration of TcdA.The effect of TcdA proliferation of cells was detected by MTT method after the K562 cells were stimulated with TcdA for 24,48 and 72h; the expression of cdc42, RhoA, Rac1 mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR; the changes of the microtubule, the microfilament were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: The proliferation of K562 cells was inhibited after exposure to TcdA for 24, 48 and 72h, and the inhibitory rate was 47.67% in the treatment for 48 h. the cdc42，RhoA and Rac1 mRNA expressions in the experimental groups decreased after treated with TcdA(P<0.05), which positively correlated with concentration of TcdA. Also, the microfilament decreased ,which was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. CONCLUSION: TcdA inhibites K562 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, TcdA can change the cytoskeleton structure through the cytoskeletal protein genes cdc42 and RhoA, Rac1 mRNA expression,. It is related with cell microfilament content decreasing.

High-grade cervical lesions diagnosed by JAM3/PAX1 methylation in high-risk human papillomavirus-infected patients / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:Currently,traditional cervical cancer screening methods,such as high-risk human papillomavirus testing and liquid based cytology(LBC),still possess limitations.This study aims to identify new diagnostic biomarkers to achieve the goal of"precision screening"via exploring the clinical value of DNA methylation[ΔCtP:paired box gene 1(PAX1)and ΔCtJ:junctional adhesion molecule 3(JAM3)]detection in cervical exfoliated cells for the diagnosis of high-grade cervical lesions. Methods:A total of 136 patients who underwent gynecological examinations in the vaginal room of the Department of Gynecology at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from June 2021 to June 2022 were retrospectively studied.Among them,122 patients had non-high-grade cervical lesions,and 14 patients had high-grade cervical lesions.The variables included general information(age,body mass index,and menopause status),LBC,high-risk human papillomavirus,cervical tissue pathology,vaginal examination results,and the ΔCt values of JAM3 and PAX1 gene methylation.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting the diagnosis of high-grade cervical lesions,followed by correlation analysis and construction of a conditional inference tree model. Results:Logistic regression analysis showed that the methylation ΔCt values of PAX1 and JAM3 genes and LBC detection results were statistically significant between the high-grade cervical lesions group and the non-high-grade cervical lesions group(all P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between cervical pathological changes and ΔCtP(r=-0.36,P<0.001),ΔCtJ(r=-0.448,P<0.001),LBC(r=-0.305,P<0.001),or bacterial diversity(r=-0.183,P=0.037).The conditional inference tree showed that when ΔCtJ>10.13,all of patients had non-high-grade cervical lesions,while ΔCtP>6.22,the number of non-high-grade lesions accounted for 97.5%(117/120),and high-grade lesions accounted for only 2.5%(3/120).When ΔCtJ>8.61 and LBC were atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance or negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy(NILM),105(99.1%)patients were non-high-grade cervical lesions,only 1(0.9%)patient was high-grade lesion.When the results of LBC were high-grade lesions,only 9 patients'histopathological examination was the high-grade lesions and 3 non-high-grade lesions.When LBC indicated low-grade lesions,atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance,no intraepithelial lesions,and ΔCtP>6.22,117(97.5%)of patients'histopathological examination was the non-high-grade lesions. Conclusion:The JAM3/PAX1 gene methylation test can be used independently for the stratified diagnosis of high-grade/non-high-grade cervical lesions in women with high-risk human papillomavirus infection,independent of the cytological results of cervical excision.The JAM3/PAX1 gene methylation test can also be used in combination with LBC to make up for the shortcomings of low sensitivity of LBC.In addition,the application of methylation kit in large-scale cervical cancer screening in the future will be good to the detection of more patients with high-grade cervical lesions,and achieve early screening and early treatment for cervical lesions/cancer.

Intervention effect of job rotation on wrist work-related musculoskeletal disorders of physical therapists / 中国职业医学

@#Objective - （ ） To evaluate the effect of job rotation on pain in wrist work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs （ ）Methods of physical therapists PTs . A total of 100 PTs from nine medical institutions were selected as the research subjects ， using judgment sampling method and they were divided into control group and intervention group by stratified random sampling ， method with 50 person in each group. The individuals in control group perform routine works. People in the intervention group were rotated between posts or added mobile shift replacements in daily work for 30 minutes. The duration of intervention was ， ， （ ） once a day five days a week for ten weeks. Visual Analogue Scale VAS score and pain duration were used as the evaluation ， indexes of intervention effect. The changes of indexes before intervention five weeks and ten weeks after intervention were Results ， compared between the two groups. Before intervention there was no significant difference in the VAS score and pain （ P ） duration between the control group and the intervention group all >0.05 . There was no significant difference in VAS score （ P ） and pain duration among the control group at three time points after intervention all >0.05 . The VAS score of PTs in the （P ）， intervention group at ten weeks was lower than that in the control group at the same time point <0.05 and it was lower than （ P ） that before intervention and at five weeks of intervention in the same group all <0.05 . The pain duration of PTs in the （ P ）， intervention group was lower than that in the control group at five and ten weeks after intervention all <0.05 and was lower （ P ） Conclusion ， than that before intervention at the same group all <0.05 . Rotating schedule can relieve WMSDs of PTs and the effect of intervention for ten weeks is more effective than that of intervention for five weeks.

Dynamical information encoding in neural adaptation.

Adaptation refers to the general phenomenon that a neural system dynamically adjusts its response property according to the statistics of external inputs. In response to a prolonged constant stimulation, neuronal firing rates always first increase dramatically at the onset of the stimulation; and afterwards, they decrease rapidly to a low level close to background activity. This attenuation of neural activity seems to be contradictory to our experience that we can still sense the stimulus after the neural system is adapted. Thus, it prompts a question: where is the stimulus information encoded during the adaptation? Here, we investigate a computational model in which the neural system employs a dynamical encoding strategy during the neural adaptation: at the early stage of the adaptation, the stimulus information is mainly encoded in the strong independent firings; and as time goes on, the information is shifted into the weak but concerted responses of neurons. We find that short-term plasticity, a general feature of synapses, provides a natural mechanism to achieve this goal. Furthermore, we demonstrate that with balanced excitatory and inhibitory inputs, this correlation-based information can be read out efficiently. The implications of this study on our understanding of neural information encoding are discussed.

Bushen Huoxue Prescription Replenishes Diminished Ovarian Reserve in Rats Through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Bushen Huoxue prescription in regulating the related factors in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/ protein kinase B （Akt）/ mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） pathway and improving ovarian reserve function of rats with diminished ovarian reserve （DOR）. Method:Sixty DOR model rats were duplicated by Ataya method （intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide） and then randomized into the model group， estradiol valerate （0.000 9 g·kg^-1） group， and high- （33 g·kg^-1）， middle- （16.5 g·kg^-1） and low-dose （8.25 g·kg^-1） Bushen Huoxue prescription groups， with 12 rats in each group. Another 12 healthy rats were classified into the blank control group. The rats in each group were given the corresponding drugs by gavage， while those in the blank control group and model group received the same volume of normal saline， once per day， for 14 successive days. After treatment， the ovarian tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） for observing the changes in quantities of primary follicles， mature follicles， and total follicles under a light microscope， followed by the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） expression in the ovarian tissue by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression levels of PI3K， Akt， mTOR， and cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease-3 （Caspase-3） in the ovarian tissue were assayed by Western blot， whereas the mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt， and mTOR were measured by Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Result:As revealed by comparison with the blank control group， the quantities of mature follicles and total follicles in the ovarian tissue of model group were significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. The protein expression levels of VEGF and Caspase-3 in the ovarian tissue were increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， while the protein and mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt， and mTOR were decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， Bushen Huoxue prescription at the high and middle doses elevated the quantities of mature follicles and total follicles to varying degrees （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and VEGF increased most significantly in the middle-dose Bushen Huoxue prescription group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Caspase-3 in the low-， middle-， and high-dose Bushen Huoxue prescription groups and the western medicine group declined. The protein and mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt， and mTOR were up-regulated in the middle- and high-dose Bushen Huoxue prescription groups （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the levels in the middle-dose Bushen Huoxue prescription group were closer to those in the blank control group. Conclusion:Bushen Huoxue prescription effectively improves the ovarian reserve function of rats with DOR and increases the number of follicles possibly by up-regulating VEGF expression in the ovarian tissue， activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway， and regulating the content of Caspase-3.

Analysis on Material Basis and Mechanism Difference of Antibacterial Effect of Coptis chinensis and Its Flower Stalk Based on Secondary Metabolites and Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the difference in antibacterial mechanism between <italic>Coptis chinensis</italic> and<italic> </italic>its<italic> </italic>flower stalk based on secondary metabolites and network pharmacology. Method:Based on the ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） detection platform，the secondary metabolites database of <italic>C. chinensis</italic> and its flower stalk（MWDB） was built. The common database of metabolites information and the multivariate statistical analysis were used to study the differences of secondary metabolites between <italic>C. chinensis</italic> and its flower stalk and screen out 18 metabolites of<italic> </italic>the<italic> </italic>flower stalk and 11 metabolites of <italic>C. chinensis</italic> with a high content. BATMAN-TCM database was used to obtain the targets of component action，and their corresponding genes were inquired in the UniProt database. GeneCards was retrieved for antimicrobial genes，and the intersection genes of components and antimicrobials were obtained on Venny platform. Through DAVID gene ontology（GO） enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis，the mechanism of its action was predicted，and the results were visualized through histogram and advanced bubble diagram drawn by GraphPad Prism software and OmicShare database. The protein-protein interaction（PPI） network was constructed by STRING， database and the component-target-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. The antibacterial differences were compared based on the results of network pharmacology analysis. Result:Through network pharmacology，the antibacterial active components of <italic>C. chinensis</italic> were 5 fewer than that of the flower stalk，55 more antibacterial targets than that of the flower stalk； quercetin and berberine were predicted to be the common components of the antagonistic action of <italic>C. chinensis </italic>and the flower stalk. Key genes involved in antimicrobial action were p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14（MAPK14），catalase（CAT）； malaria and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were different key pathways involved in antimicrobial activity. Conclusion:<italic>C. chinensis </italic>and the flower stalk mainly exert the antibacterial effect in a multi-target and multi-pathway manner，which can offer new ideas and clues for the study of antibacterial mechanism of<italic> C. chinensis</italic> and the flower stalk，and provide a new development direction for the comprehensive development and rational application of the flower stalk resources.

Cupping treatment combined with antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia in children: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy of cupping treatment combined with antibiotics and antibiotics alone for bacterial pneumonia in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 72 children with bacterial pneumonia were randomly divided into an observation group (36 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a control group (36 cases). The children in the control group were treated with intravenous drip of cefodizine sodium [80 mg/(kg•d)] for 7 days. Based on the treatment of the control group, the children in the observation group were treated with cupping treatment on the bladder meridian of the back on the first day and the fourth day of antibiotic treatment; each cupping treatment was given for 5-10 min; the treatment of observation group was given for 7 days. The days for complete fever reduction, TCM syndrome scores and Canadian acute respiratory illness flu scale (CARIFS) scores before and after treatment were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The days for complete fever reduction in the observation group were shorter than that in the control group (@*CONCLUSION@#Cupping treatment combined with antibiotics has similar efficacy with antibiotics alone for bacterial pneumonia in children, but shows better effect in shortening the duration of fever and improving pulmonary symptoms.

Modeling the oxidation kinetics of sono-activated persulfate's process on the degradation of humic acid.

Ultrasound degradation of humic acid has been investigated in the presence of persulfate anions at ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz. The effects of persulfate anion concentration, ultrasonic power input, humic acid concentration, reaction time, solution pH and temperature on humic acid removal efficiency were studied. It is found that up to 90% humic acid removal efficiency was achieved after 2 h reaction. In this system, sulfate radicals (SO4⁻·) were considered to be the mainly oxidant to mineralize humic acid while persulfate anion can hardly react with humic acid directly. A novel kinetic model based on sulfate radicals (SO4⁻·) oxidation was established to describe the humic acid mineralization process mathematically and chemically in sono-activated persulfate system. According to the new model, ultrasound power, persulfate dosage, solution pH and reaction temperature have great influence on humic acid degradation. Different initial concentration of persulfate anions and humic acid, ultrasonic power, initial pH and reaction temperature have been discussed to valid the effectiveness of the model, and the simulated data showed new model had good agreement with the experiments data.

Feasibility and clinical significance of intraoperative real-time fundus examination in cataractous eyes / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of real-time screening and diagnosing fundus diseases with Wild Field Imaging System (WFIS SW-8000) in the eyes with dense cataract patients.Methods:A series of case-observational study was carried out.Ninety-six dense cataractous eyes of 90 patients with suspected fundus diseases were included in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from April to July 2019.Lens phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation was performed after the opacity lens was removed, and fundus examination was performed with WFIS SW-8000.Super field lens, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was used to verify the fundus findings after surgery, which were compared with WFIS SW-8000.This study protocol was approved by Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and followed the Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to any medical examination.Results:Among 96 eyes, fundus diseases were detected in 40 eyes with the detection rate of 41.67% by WFIS SW-8000 examination, including dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 2 eyes, wet AMD in 3 eyes, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in 1 eye, high myopia retinopathy (HMR) in 7 eyes, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with macular edema (ME) in 1 eye, mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in 12 eyes, moderate NPDR in 7 eyes, severe NPDR in 4 eyes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in 3 eyes.Fundus diseases were detected in 45 eyes with detection rate of 46.88% after surgery by a super field lens, OCT and FFA.The detectable rate of digital retinal camera examination and super field lens, OCT and FFA showed no significant difference between intraoperation and postoperation (χ 2=0.528, P=0.468). Twenty-two eyes with fundus neovascular disease or macular edema requiring drug intervention were identified intraoperatively, and intravitreal anti-inflammatory and/or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs were injected in 11 eyes during the operation. Conclusions:WFIS SW-8000 is a useful tool for the accurate and convenient method in real-time fundus examination during phacoemulsification, which is feasible and helpful for timely intervention in and treatment of fundus diseases.

Establishing Standardized Biomedical Laboratory Technician Education for the Development of Biotechnology Research in China / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Chinese scientists have been actively engaged in biotechnology research since the mid-20th century. However, biotechnology education, especially biomedical laboratory technology education, is relatively scarce in China. More and more cutting-edge equipment and techniques have been introduced into biomedical laboratories in China, but there is a lack of high-quality technicians to apply these advancements to scientific research. In addition, the traditional education and apprenticeship systems have been demonstrated little progress. To address this gap, West China Hospital of Sichuan University established a 2-year educational program for laboratory technology in 2006 based on the residency training program. The project integrates scientific methods into the research laboratory technician training in relevant disciplines, and has developed a systematic, scientific, and effective standardized training system to cultivate high-level and stable experimental technician team for the need of advanced laboratories, which has been demonstrated greatly improve the efficiency of biomedical researchers and laboratory facilities. In this article, we introduce the practical experience in establishment and development of a standardized training system for biomedical laboratory technicians to ensure the sustainable development of medical researches.