Periapical Lesions Associated with Demographic Variables, Dental Conditions, Systemic Diseases, and Habits.

AIM AND BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of periapical lesions and possible associations with demographic, dental conditions, systemic diseases, and habit variables in patients from a private Brazilian university. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 452 patients of both sexes, aged 18-78 years, from a Brazilian university were evaluated. Panoramic radiographs were analyzed, and the presence of periapical lesions was recorded. In these cases, the dental condition was assessed for the presence or absence of endodontic treatment. Medical records provide information related to general health (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, altered cholesterol, autoimmune diseases, gallstones, or kidney stones) and habits (smoking or alcoholism). The data were descriptively analyzed, and then logistic regression and the Wald test were performed in Stata/SE v.14.1. RESULTS: A rate of 58.4% of participants were women, and the mean age was 36.4 (±14.6) years. Periapical lesions prevailed in 193 (42.7%) patients, and 281 (72.4%) teeth were not previously endodontically treated. Mandibular first molars (19%) and men (48.9%) were the most affected. The adjusted model showed that the age group of 26-45 years was 5 times more likely [odds ratio (OR) = 5.01; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.85-8.82] to have lesions than those aged ≤25 years. Participants aged above 46 years were 19.1 times more prone (OR = 19.1; 95% CI: 10.2-36.0) to morbidity than younger ones (≤25 years). CONCLUSION: The studied sample showed that periapical lesions were more prevalent in males, in mandibular molars, and without prior endodontic treatment. There was no observed association between periapical lesions and comorbidities or habits; however, a significant correlation occurred with advancing age. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Comorbidities and habits were not associated with the presence of periapical lesions. However, aging has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of periapical lesions. This finding is clinically relevant as it highlights the importance of monitoring and maintaining oral health in patients with advanced age. How to cite this article: dos Santos VC, de Oliveira Kublitski PM, Marques da Silva B, et al. Periapical Lesions Associated with Demographic Variables, Dental Conditions, Systemic Diseases, and Habits. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023;24(11):864-870.

Mutations in asparaginase II from E. coli and implications for inactivation and PEGylation.

All clinically-used asparaginases convert L-asparagine (L-Asn) to l-aspartate (L-Asp) and l-glutamine (L-Gln) to L-glutamate (L-Glu), which has been useful in reducing bioavailable asparagine and glutamine in patients under treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The E. coli type 2 L-asparaginase (EcA2) can present different sequences among varying bacterial strains, which we hypothesized that might affect their biological function, stability and interchangeability. Here we report the analysis of two EcA2 provided by the public health system of a middle-income country. These enzymes were reported to have similar specific activity in vitro, whereas they differ in vivo. Protein sequencing by LC-MS-MS and peptide mapping by MALDI-ToF-MS of their tryptic digests revealed that Aginasa™ share similar sequence to EcA2 from E. coli strain BL21(DE3), while Leuginase™ has sequence equivalent to EcA2 from E. coli strain AS1.357. The two amino acid differences between Aginasa™ (64D and 252 T) and Leuginase™ (64 N and 252S) resulted in structural divergences in solution as accessed by small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulation trajectories. The conformational variability further results in dissimilar surface accessibility with major consequences for PEGylation, as well as different susceptibility to degradation by limited proteolysis. The present results reveal that the sequence variations between these two EcA2 variants results in conformational changes associated with differential conformational plasticity, potentially affecting physico-chemical and biological properties, including proteolytic and immunogenic silent inactivation.

Genetic transformation with the gfp gene of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates from coffee with blister spot.

Blister spot (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is now widespread in most coffee producing states of Brazil, becoming a limiting factor for production. The lack of data relating to the reproduction of typical symptoms (light green, oily patches) leaves a gap within the pathosystem, forcing the search for new methodologies for monitoring the disease. Monitoring of genetically modified organisms has proven to be an effective tool in understanding the host × pathogen interactions. Thus, the present study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of two systems of genetic transformation in obtaining mutants using the gfp reporter gene. Using the two transformation systems (PEG and electroporation) revealed the efficiency of both, confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin-B, when incorporated into the culture medium. The fungus maintained its cultural and morphological characteristics when compared to wild strains. When inoculated on coffee seedlings, it was found that the pathogenicity of the processed isolates had not changed.

Micro aerial vehicle with basic risk of operation.

We draw current efforts towards proposing a wing-type micro UAV with characteristics of being a basic operation risk self handled (Micro-Brosh) platform. Its micro-sized wingspan and weight, which are less than 0.30 m and 0.150 kg, respectively, guarantee the low risk to the operator and installations in case of crashing. It can be launched manually without using an appropriate runway, besides using a soft grass field for landing is recommended. Its associated costs for construction and maintenance are very low (below US$ 500) if compared to traditional aircraft. The main contribution here is the architectural design, besides we provide detailed documentation including techniques for determining lift, thrust, drag, minimum flight velocity, maximum time of flight and distance (autonomy), and other issues that we have solved related to the aircraft development. We validate our prototype with experiments including several tests done with the UAV with results that have proven its flight ability. To the end, we understand that this work provides a nice starting document to researchers that intend to develop a UAV or enter this field.

Effectiveness of different final irrigation techniques and placement of endodontic sealer into dentinal tubules.

The aim of this study was to compare two irrigation techniques and four devices for endodontic sealer placement into the dentinal tubules. Ninety-nine single-rooted human teeth were instrumented and allocated to either the control (CO) (n=11) or experimental groups according to the irrigation method: syringe and NaveTip needle (NT) (n=44), and EndoActivator (EA) (n=44). These groups were subdivided according to sealer placement into K-File (KF), lentulo spiral (LS), Easy Clean (EC), and EndoActivator (EA) subgroups. Moreover, the distances of 5 mm and 2 mm from the apex were analyzed. The teeth were obturated with AH Plus and GuttaCore X3. Analyses were performed by scanning electron microscopy associated to cathodoluminescence. The percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration were measured. Data were evaluated by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Games-Howell test (p<0.05). EA was superior to NT in percentage of sealer penetration. EC was significantly superior to EA (subgroup) for sealer penetration, and both improved the percentage of sealer penetration when compared to LS. Better sealer penetration was observed at the distance of 5 mm from the apex. Sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules was significantly improved by sonic irrigant activation.

Effect of root canal filling techniques on the bond strength of epoxy resin-based sealers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different root canal filling techniques on the bond strength of epoxy resin-based sealers. Sixty single-rooted canines were prepared using ProTaper (F5) and divided into the following groups based on the root filling technique: Lateral Compaction (LC), Single Cone (SC), and Tagger Hybrid Technique (THT). The following subgroups (n = 10) were also created based on sealer material used: AH Plus and Sealer 26. Two-millimeter-thick slices were cut from all the root thirds and subjected to push-out test. Data (MPa) was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The push-out values were significantly affected by the sealer, filling technique, and root third (p < 0.05). AH Plus (1.37 ± 1.04) exhibited higher values than Sealer 26 (0.92 ± 0.51), while LC (1.80 ± 0.98) showed greater bond strength than THT (1.16 ± 0.50) and SC (0.92 ± 0.25). The cervical (1.45 ± 1.14) third exhibited higher bond strength, followed by the middle (1.20 ± 0.72) and apical (0.78 ± 0.33) thirds. AH Plus/LC (2.26 ± 1.15) exhibited the highest bond strength values, followed by AH Plus/THT (1.32 ± 0.61), Sealer 26/LC (1.34 ± 0.42), and Sealer 26/THT (1.00 ± 0.27). The lowest values were obtained with AH Plus/SC and Sealer 26/SC. Thus, it can be concluded that the filling technique affects the bond strength of sealers. LC was associated with higher bond strength between the material and intra-radicular dentine than THT and SC techniques.

Effectiveness of different final irrigation techniques and placement of endodontic sealer into dentinal tubules

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare two irrigation techniques and four devices for endodontic sealer placement into the dentinal tubules. Ninety-nine single-rooted human teeth were instrumented and allocated to either the control (CO) (n=11) or experimental groups according to the irrigation method: syringe and NaveTip needle (NT) (n=44), and EndoActivator (EA) (n=44). These groups were subdivided according to sealer placement into K-File (KF), lentulo spiral (LS), Easy Clean (EC), and EndoActivator (EA) subgroups. Moreover, the distances of 5 mm and 2 mm from the apex were analyzed. The teeth were obturated with AH Plus and GuttaCore X3. Analyses were performed by scanning electron microscopy associated to cathodoluminescence. The percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration were measured. Data were evaluated by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Games-Howell test (p<0.05). EA was superior to NT in percentage of sealer penetration. EC was significantly superior to EA (subgroup) for sealer penetration, and both improved the percentage of sealer penetration when compared to LS. Better sealer penetration was observed at the distance of 5 mm from the apex. Sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules was significantly improved by sonic irrigant activation.

Effect of root canal filling techniques on the bond strength of epoxy resin-based sealers

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different root canal filling techniques on the bond strength of epoxy resin-based sealers. Sixty single-rooted canines were prepared using ProTaper (F5) and divided into the following groups based on the root filling technique: Lateral Compaction (LC), Single Cone (SC), and Tagger Hybrid Technique (THT). The following subgroups (n = 10) were also created based on sealer material used: AH Plus and Sealer 26. Two-millimeter-thick slices were cut from all the root thirds and subjected to push-out test. Data (MPa) was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The push-out values were significantly affected by the sealer, filling technique, and root third (p < 0.05). AH Plus (1.37 ± 1.04) exhibited higher values than Sealer 26 (0.92 ± 0.51), while LC (1.80 ± 0.98) showed greater bond strength than THT (1.16 ± 0.50) and SC (0.92 ± 0.25). The cervical (1.45 ± 1.14) third exhibited higher bond strength, followed by the middle (1.20 ± 0.72) and apical (0.78 ± 0.33) thirds. AH Plus/LC (2.26 ± 1.15) exhibited the highest bond strength values, followed by AH Plus/THT (1.32 ± 0.61), Sealer 26/LC (1.34 ± 0.42), and Sealer 26/THT (1.00 ± 0.27). The lowest values were obtained with AH Plus/SC and Sealer 26/SC. Thus, it can be concluded that the filling technique affects the bond strength of sealers. LC was associated with higher bond strength between the material and intra-radicular dentine than THT and SC techniques.

Thermoplastic endodontic obturation - TC system: case report

Introduction: The TC system, developed in 2002, allows the endodontic filling by means of a non-conventional technique that uses gutta-percha at alpha phase, thermoplasticized in its own oven, placed into canal through a McSpadden compactor, without using a main cone. Objective: The aim of this case report was to show the TC system used for root canal filling. Case report: Three teeth of a patient was indicated for endodontic treatment, so TC system was used for the root filling. Conclusion: This technique showed to be effective for the root canal filling.

Epidemiological data and relevance of care provided in dental emergency service of a private hospital

Introduction and Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the etiology and prevalence of dental emergency visits in a private hospital in the period from July 2009 to July 2011 and the importance of this type of service in private hospitals. Material and methods: During the study period, we analyzed 795 charts from patients seeking emergency services. The emergencies were classified as trauma, odontalgia, prosthesis, periodontal diseases, and traumatic factors. Results: Women and men accounted for 61% and 39% of cases, respectively, and the most prevalent age group was individuals aged 20 to 49 years. The predominant types of dental emergencies observed were odontalgia (52.58%) and dental trauma (22.64%). Pulpitis was the most common pathology (67% of cases) and the most frequent type of trauma was enamel and dentin fracture (54% of cases). Conclusion: A high demand for dental emergency care exists in hospital settings. Most people seek emergency dental services for emergencies related to lack of prevention and dental traumas.

Hidden caries' challenge diagnosis: case report

Introduction: Hidden caries is a term used to describe occlusal dentine caries that is missed on a visual examination, but is large and demineralised enough to be detected by another exam for example, radiographs. Case report: This article reports a case of large dentine caries, which presented as to be a small pit-and-fissure carious lesion on the occlusal surface of the right mandibular permanent first molar in a 10-year-old girl. The treatment included root canal treatment and the sealing of the cavity with composite resin. Conclusion: Careful visual examination, with cleaning and drying of teeth, associated to bitewing radiographs may improve occlusal caries detection. Dentists should examine bitewing radiographs carefully for proximal caries and occlusal demineralization. Radiographs are an effective method of caries diagnosis that can avoid large destruction and allows less invasive treatment.

Potassium phosphite: a promising product in the management of diseases caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in coffee plants / Fosfito de potássio: um produto promissor no manejo de doenças causadas por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides em cafeeiro

In recent years coffee productivity has been harmed by diseases caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Cg), for example, anthracnose, dieback and blister spot. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop alternative measures to control these diseases, since there are no fungicides registered in Brazil for their control. The aims of this work were: to evaluate the effect of potassium phosphite on the germination, fungal appressorium formation and mycelial growth of Cg and to verify this action in the reduction of disease severity of anthracnose in coffee leaves. The treatments used in an in vitro experiment were: potassium phosphite at doses of 1.25, 2.50, 5.0 and 10.0 mL.L-1, Acibenzolar-S-methyl at dose 0.1g.L-1 and Chlorothalonil fungicide at dose 2.0 g.L-1. In an in vivo experiment, beyond the treatments used in the in vitro experiment, we used a control sprayed with water without inoculation and another inoculated with Cg. Potassium phosphite at doses of 5.0 mL.L-1 and 10.0 mL.L-1 and the Chlorotalonil fungicide showed greater inhibition of conidial germination, greater inhibition of appressorium formation and further reduction of mycelial growth of the pathogen. In the in vivo experiment, Potassium phosphite at a dose of 10.0 mL.L-1 provided a greater reduction in disease severity, around 62.5%. This work demonstrated the potential of potassium phosphite in the management of diseases caused by fungi from the Colletotrichum complex in coffee plants.

Nos últimos anos a produtividade de café tem sido prejudicada por doenças causadas por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Cg), como por exemplo, antracnose, seca de ponteiros e mancha manteigosa. Portanto torna-se necessário desenvolver medidas alternativas de controle para essas doenças, visto que não existem fungicidas registrados no Brasil para seu controle. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos: avaliar o efeito do fosfito de potássio na germinação, formação de apressórios e no crescimento micelial de Cge verificar a ação do mesmo na redução da severidade da antracnose em folhas de cafeeiro. Os tratamentos utilizados no experimento in vitro foram: fosfito de potássio nas doses de 1,25; 2,50; 5,0 e 10,0 mL.L-1; acibenzolar-S-metil 0,1g.L-1; fungicida clorotalonil 2,0 g.L-1. Já in vivo, além dos tratamentos anteriores, foi utilizada uma testemunha pulverizada com água sem inoculação e outra inoculada com Cg.O fosfito de potássio nas doses de 5,0 mL.L-1 e 10,0 mL.L-1 e o fungicida clorotalonil proporcionaram maior inibição da germinação de conídios, maior inibição da formação de apressórios e maior redução do índice de velocidade de crescimento micelial do patógeno. No experimento in vivo, o fosfito de potássio na dose de 10,0mL.L-1 proporcionou maior redução na severidade da antracnose, em torno de 62,5 %.Este trabalho demonstrou o potencial do fosfito de potássio no manejo de doenças causadas por fungos do complexo Colletotrichum em cafeeiro.

Genetic transformation with the gfp gene of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates from coffee with blister spot

Blister spot (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is now widespread in most coffee producing states of Brazil, becoming a limiting factor for production. The lack of data relating to the reproduction of typical symptoms (light green, oily patches) leaves a gap within the pathosystem, forcing the search for new methodologies for monitoring the disease. Monitoring of genetically modified organisms has proven to be an effective tool in understanding the host x pathogen interactions. Thus, the present study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of two systems of genetic transformation in obtaining mutants using the gfp reporter gene. Using the two transformation systems (PEG and electroporation) revealed the efficiency of both, confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin-B, when incorporated into the culture medium. The fungus maintained its cultural and morphological characteristics when compared to wild strains. When inoculated on coffee seedlings, it was found that the pathogenicity of the processed isolates had not changed.

Avaliação da capacidade de dissolução tecidual de diferentes soluções de hipoclorito de sódio em tecido conjuntivo e muscular de ratos / Evaluation of capacity of tissue dissolution of various solutions of sodium hypochlorite in connective and muscle tissue of rats

Analisar a capacidade de dissolução tecidual de diferentes soluções de hipoclorito de sódio em tecido conjuntivo e muscular esquelético de ratos.Metodologia: foram obtidos 60 fragmentos de tecido conjuntivo (dorso) e muscular esquelético (língua) de ratos da linhagem Wistar, que foram submetidos à ação solvente das soluções de hipoclorito de sódio comercializadas, prontas para uso, Hipoclor 1%, HW 1% e 2,5%, Limpa Bem 2,5% e soluções manipuladas nas mesmas concentrações. O tempo de dissolução foi cronometrado. O método de titulometria com iodo foi utilizado para confirmação do teor de cloro ativo das soluções utilizadas.Resultados: a análise estatística revelou diferença não significante entre os dois diferentes tecidos (p>0.05) e apresentou diferença significante (p<0.001) entre as concentrações de 1% e 2,5%. O tempo médio de dissolução em minutos no tecido conjuntivo foi: Limpa Bem 2,5% (80,4); Manipulado 2,5% (100,2); Hipoclor 1% (164,2); HW 2,5% (205,6); Manipulado 1% (278,4). No tecido muscular esquelético o tempo médio foi: Limpa Bem 2,5% (111,6); Manipulado 2,5% (171,6); Hipoclor 1% (178,5); HW 2,5% (219); Manipulado 1% (289,6). O HW 1% não foi capaz de dissolver os tecidos. Os resultados da titulometria demonstraram que as soluções testadas apresentavam teor de cloro ativo aceitáveis, com exceção da marca HW nas concentrações de 1% e 2,5%.Conclusão: ambos tecidos podem ser utilizados para a verificação da capacidade de dissolução tecidual do hipoclorito de sódio e que esta obedece uma relação diretamente proporcional a concentração do teor de cloro ativo...

The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of different solutions of sodium hypochlorite to dissolve connective and skeletal-muscle tissue of rats. Methodology: it was obtained 60 pieces of connective tissue (back) and skeletal-muscle (tongue) of Wistar rats that were subjected to solvent action of sodium hypochlorite solutions marketed, ready to use, 1% Hipoclor, 1 and 2, 5% HW, 2.5% Limpa Bem and solutions manipulated at the same concentrations. The dissolution time was recorded. The method of titration with iodine was used to confirm the active chlorine content of solutions used. Results: statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two different tissues (p> 0.05) and significantly difference (p <0.001) between concentrations 1% and 2.5%. The average time in minutes to dissolve the connective tissue was: 2.5% Limpa Bem (80.4); 2.5% Manipulated (100.2); 1% Hipoclor (164.2), 2.5% HW ( 205.6); 1% Manipulated (278.4). In skeletal muscle the average time was: 2.5% Limpa Bem (111.6); 2.5% Manipulated (171.6); 1% Hipoclor (178.5), 2.5% HW (219); 1% Manipulated (289.6). The 1% HW was not able to dissolve the tissues. The results of titrations demonstrated that the solutions tested had acceptable levels of chlorine, with the exception of brand HW concentrations of 1% and 2.5%.Conclusion: both tissues can be used for verifying the ability of tissue dissolution of sodium hypochlorite and that obeys a directly proportional to the concentration of active chlorine content...

Prevalência de foraminas e canais acessórios em região de furca e assoalho pulpar e sua influência na etiologia da lesão endo-periodontal: [revisão] / Prevalence of foraminas and accessories canals in the furcation and the floor pulp and influence in the etiology of endo-periodontal lesion: [review]

Introdução: as ramificações do canal radicular podem ser denominadas de “canais acessórios”, sendo que tais ramificações podem variar quanto ao tamanho, número e localização na raiz. O forame apical, devido à sua amplitude, é a principal via de comunicação entre a polpa e o periodonto, mas participam também da comunicação pulpar/periodontal todo o sistema de canais radiculares como os canais laterais, secundários e acessórios. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura para avaliar a prevalência de canais acessórios na região de furca e assoalho e a influência na etiologia da lesão endo-periodontal. Revisão de literatura: várias técnicas e métodos têm sido empregados ao longo dos anos para identificar a presença de canais acessórios e, assim, abordar a importância e influência dos mesmos nas lesões endoperiodontais. Conclusões: em relação à prevalência de canais acessórios na região de furca e assoalho há variação entre 2,3% a 79%, dependendo da técnica de estudo empregada; em relação ao método de estudo empregado, o mais eficaz foi a infiltração de corante associada à diafanização; os canais acessórios são importantes no desenvolvimento das lesões endo-periodontais.

Introduction: the root canal ramifications, also known as accessory canals, may vary by size, number and location in the root. The apical for a men, due to its magnitude, is the main path of communication between the dental pulp and periodontal region, but the entire system of root canals such as lateral, secondary and accessory canals also participate of the communication between pulp and periodontal region. Aim: conducting a literature review to assess the prevalence of accessory canals in the furcation and the floor, and its influence in the etiology of endo-periodontal lesion. Literature review: several techniques and methods have been employed over the years to identify the presence of accessory canals and, thus, to address its importance and influence in the endo-periodontal disease. Conclusions: the prevalence of accessory canals in the furcation region and floor was 2.3% to 79%, varying according to the technique performed in the study. The most effective study method to assess accessory canals was the infiltration dye and decalcification method. The accessory canals are important essentially in the endo-periodontal relation.

A ação do hidróxido de cálcio frente ao enterococcus faecalis nos casos de periodontite apical secundária: [revisão] / The action of calcium hydroxide against enterococcus faecalis in cases of secondary apical periodontitis: [review]

Introdução: a infecção da polpa e dos tecidos periapicais tem a sua etiologia discutida há anos. A periodontite apical é caracterizada por ser de origem polimicrobiana, sendo o Enterococcus faecalis o microorganismo mais comumente encontrado. Em situações clínicas, o objetivo do tratamento endodôntico é eliminar micro-organismos do sistema de canais radiculares. As medicações intracanal são um importante passo no tratamento e devem ser efetivas frente aos micro-organismos que resistem ao preparo do canal radicular. Dentre as medicações empregadas, o hidróxido de cálcio é utilizado rotineiramente como medicação intracanal. Sua ação se deve ao fato de estabelecer um pH altamente alcalino dentro do canal radicular, 12,5 aproximadamente, no qual a maioria dos microorganismos não consegue sobreviver. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a relação do Enterococcus faecalis no insucesso endodôntico e a efetividade do hidróxido de cálcio nesta situação clínica. Conclusão: a ação do hidróxido de cálcio frente ao Enterococcus faecalis é limitada.

Introduction: Pulp and periapical tissue infection etiology has been discussed for many years. Apical periodontitis is characterized by multimicrobial flora origin, in which Enterococcus faecalis is the microorganism more frequently found. In clinical situations, the aim of endodontic treatment is to remove microorganisms of the system of root canals. Intra canal medications are an important step in the treatment and they must be effective in microorganisms that resist the preparation of the root canal. Among all used medications, the calcium hydroxide is frequently used. It acts establishing a highly alkaline pH inside the root canal, 12.5 approximately, in which most of the microorganisms do not manage to survive.Aim: to make a review of the literature about the relationship on the Enterococcus faecalis on endodontic failure and calcium hydroxide effectiveness in this clinical situation. Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide has limited action against Enterococcus faecalis.