Violência obstétrica: fatores desencadeantes e medidas preventivas de enfermagem / Obstetric violence: unleashing factors and preventive nursing measures

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar os fatores que ocasionam a violência obstétrica e a importância da enfermagem no desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura com metassíntese, com utilização do protocolo PRISMA. Realizou-se a pesquisa referida na fonte de busca: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e nas bases de dados: SCIELO e LILACS, apresentando uma totalidade de 61 documentos. Após estabelecimento e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão: artigos disponíveis gratuitos, publicados entre 2015 a 2020, em língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola e exclusão: não apresentassem à temática, repetitivos, dissertações e resumos, resultando em um total de 10 artigos. RESULTADOS: O processo do parto é um acontecimento repleto de possíveis equívocos, condutas dolorosas e negligências, que podem gerar a violência obstétrica causando traumas físicos e psicológicos irreversíveis. CONCLUSÃO: Por meio desse estudo buscou destacar a importância de minimizar as praticas abusiva, com o uso de estratégias que efetivem programas e políticas voltadas ao binômio mãe-filho.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the factors that cause obstetric violence and the importance of nursing in the development of preventive measures. METHODS: This is a systematic review of the literature with metasynthesis, using the PRISMA protocol. The research was reported in the search source: Virtual Health Library (VHL) and in the databases: SCIELO and LILACS, presenting a total of 61 documents. After establishment and application of inclusion criteria: free available articles, published between 2015 and 2020, in Portuguese, English and Spanish and exclusion: do not present to the theme, repetitive, dissertations and abstracts, resulting in a total of 10 articles. RESULTS: The delivery process is an event full of possible misunderstandings, painful behaviors and negligence, which can generate obstetric violence causing irreversible physical and psychological trauma. CONCLUSION: Through this study, we sought to highlight the importance of minimizing abusive practices, with the use of strategies that effectively implement programs and policies aimed at the mother-child binomial.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar los factores que causan la violencia obstétrica y la importancia de la enfermería en el desarrollo de medidas preventivas. METODOS: Se trata de una revisión sistemática de la literatura con metasíntesis, utilizando el protocolo PRISMA. La investigación fue reportada en la fuente de búsqueda: Virtual Health Library (VHL) y en las bases de datos: SCIELO y LILACS, presentando un total de 61 documentos. Tras el establecimiento y aplicación de criterios de inclusión: artículos gratuitos, publicados entre 2015 y 2020, en portugués, inglés y español y exclusión: no se presentan al tema, repetitivos, disertaciones y resúmenes, dando como resultado un total de 10 artículos. RESULTADOS: El proceso de entrega es un evento lleno de posibles malentendidos, comportamientos dolorosos y negligencia, que puede generar violencia obstétrica causando traumas físicos y psicológicos irreversibles. CONCLUSION: A través de este estudio, buscamos destacar la importancia de minimizar las prácticas abusivas, con el uso de estrategias que implementen eficazmente programas y políticas dirigidas al binomio materna-infantil.(AU)

Sentimentos da enfermagem frente ao paciente pediátrico sobrevivente de queimaduras: Uma revisão narrativa / Feelings of nursing in front of the pediatric patient survivors of burns: A narrative review

Descrever os sentimentos dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam frente a crianças vítimas de queimaduras. Revisão narrativa da literatura, realizada nas bibliotecas virtuais Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Scientific Electronic Library Online, através da utilização dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde associados ao operador booleano Queimaduras AND Criança AND Enfermagem. A partir das buscas realizadas, foram identificados 425 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão: artigos originais disponíveis na íntegra, com publicação nos idiomas português e/ou inglês, que abordassem a temática central do estudo e exclusão: documentos repetidos, revisões, resumos e/ou estudos que apresentassem resultados inconclusivos, restaram 11 estudos, dos quais 5 artigos apresentaram a temática central do estudo. Os enfermeiros atuam diretamente nesse cuidado, relatando sentimentos predominantes de medo, insegurança, sofrimento, dor, acolhimento e tristeza. Visto que depende de como a criança encara o tratamento, carece, assim, de preparo físico e mental para lidar com o processo de assistência. Os profissionais enfermeiros sofrem psicologicamente durante o cuidado ao paciente pediátrico, em decorrência da criação de vínculo com a criança e do desenvolvimento de empatia pela situação, em consequência de serem os profissionais protagonistas durante a assistência da saúde na rotina hospitalar.

To describe the feelings of nursing professionals who work with children who are victims of burns. Narrative review of the literature, carried out in the virtual libraries Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and Scientific Electronic Library Online, using the Health Sciences Descriptors associated with the Boolean operator Queimaduras AND Child AND Nursing. From the searches performed, 425 articles were identified. After applying the inclusion criteria: original articles available in full, with publication in Portuguese and / or English, that addressed the central theme of the study and exclusion: repeated documents, reviews, abstracts and / or studies that presented inconclusive results, 11 studies remained, of which 5 articles presented the central theme of the study. Nurses act directly in this care, reporting predominant feelings of fear, insecurity, suffering, pain, acceptance and sadness. Since it depends on how the child views the treatment, thus lacking physical and mental preparation to deal with the assistance process. The nursing professionals suffer psychologically during the care of the pediatric patient, due to the creation of bonds with the child and the development of empathy for the situation, as a result of being the protagonists during health care in the hospital routine.

Práticas de cuidado em saúde mental desenvolvidas por enfermeiros na Estratégia Saúde da Família / Mental health care practices developed by nurses in the Family Health Strategy / Prácticas de salud mental desarrolladas por enfermeras en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar

Objetiva-se compreender as práticas de cuidado em saúde mental desenvolvidas por enfermeiros no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: pesquisa exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram do estudo 10 enfermeiros atuantes nas Estratégias Saúde da Família de um município da região Centro-Sul do Estado do Ceará. Resultados: a partir dos dados emergiram as categorias: Compreensão dos enfermeiros sobre o cuidado em saúde mental na Estratégia Saúde da Família e Práticas do enfermeiro no cuidado à Saúde Mental na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Conclusão: os enfermeiros não se sentem preparados para trabalhar com saúde mental, culminando na oferta de ações superficiais, sem considerar as necessidades reais dos usuários. É apontado, mesmo que poucas vezes, o acolhimento, a escuta, a preocupação com o retorno dos usuários as unidades e o referenciamento dos pacientes para os serviços especializados.(AU)

It aims to understand the mental health care practices developed by nurses within the scope of the Family Health Strategy. Method: exploratory, qualitative approach. A total of 10 nurses working in the Family Health Strategies of a municipality in the Center-South region of the State of Ceará participated in the study. Results: from the data emerged the categories: Nurses' understanding of mental health care in Family Health Strategies and Nurses Practices in Mental Health Care in Family Health Strategies. Conclusion: nurses do not feel prepared to work with mental health, culminating in the offer of superficial actions, without considering the real needs of the users. It is pointed out, even rarely, the reception, listening, concern with the return of users to the units and referencing of patients for specialized services.(AU)

Su objetivo es comprender las prácticas de atención de salud mental desarrolladas por las enfermeras en el ámbito de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Método: exploratorio, enfoque cualitativo. Un total de 10 enfermeras que trabajan en las Estrategias de Salud Familiar de un municipio en la región Centro-Sur del estado de Ceará participaron en el estudio. Resultados: de los datos surgieron las categorías: comprensión de las enfermeras sobre la atención de salud mental en estrategias de salud familiar y prácticas de enfermería en la atención de salud mental en estrategias de salud familiar. Conclusión: las enfermeras no se sienten preparadas para trabajar con la salud mental, culminando en la oferta de acciones superficiales, sin considerar las necesidades reales de los usuarios. Se señala, incluso en raras ocasiones, la recepción, la escucha, la preocupación por el regreso de los usuarios a las unidades y la referencia de pacientes a servicios especializados.(AU)

Condições clínicas de pacientes com hemofilia assistidos em um hemocentro regional: um estudo transversal / Clinical conditions of patients with hemophilia assisted in a regional hemocenter: a cross-section study / Condiciones clínicas de pacientes con hemofilia asistidos en hemocentro regional: estudio transversal

O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de pacientes com hemofilia acompanhados em um Hemocentro Regional. Estudo epidemiológico de delineamento transversal com coleta de dados por análise documental com 30 prontuários de um Hemocentro Regional da região Centro-Sul do Ceará. Realizou-se análise estatística através do software Microsoft Office Excel® 2016. O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética de Pesquisa. Predominou o sexo masculino (27), com idade de 20 a 59 anos, estado civil solteiro, ensino fundamental incompleto, residência em zona rural e renda inferior a 01 salário mínimo. Quanto ao perfil clínico, a hemofilia A na forma grave, apresentam sedentarismo, com histórico de procedimentos transfusionais. A maioria com duas ou mais manifestações clínicas associadas. Com a prevalência apontada entre os participantes, evidencia-se a necessidade de uma assistência integral e equânime, com ênfase nas ações de enfermagem.(AU)

The aim of the study was to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with hemophilia followed at a Regional Blood Center. Epidemiological cross-sectional study with data collection by document analysis with 30 records from a Regional Blood Center in the Center-South region of Ceará. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel® 2016 software. The work was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. There was a predominance of males (27), aged 20 to 59 years, single marital status, incomplete elementary education, residing in rural areas and income below 01 minimum wage. As for the clinical profile, hemophilia A in severe form, has a sedentary lifestyle, with a history of transfusion procedures. Most have two or more associated clinical manifestations. With the prevalence pointed out among the participants, the need for comprehensive and equitable assistance is evident, with an emphasis on nursing actions.(AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de los pacientes con hemofilia seguidos en un Centro Regional de Sangre. Estudio epidemiológico de diseño transversal con recolección de datos por análisis documental con 30 registros de un Centro Regional de Sangre de la región Centro-Sur de Ceará. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software Microsoft Office Excel® 2016. El trabajo fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Predominó el sexo masculino (27), de 20 a 59 años, estado civil soltero, educación primaria incompleta, residente en área rural e ingresos por debajo de 01 salario mínimo. En cuanto al perfil clínico, la hemofilia A en forma severa, tiene un estilo de vida sedentario, con antecedentes de procedimientos transfusionales. La mayoría tiene dos o más manifestaciones clínicas asociadas. Con la prevalencia señalada entre los participantes, se evidencia la necesidad de una atención integral y equitativa, con énfasis en las acciones de enfermería.(AU)

Preconditioning with L-Ala-Gln reduces the expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6 and HO-1) in an injury animal model of cerebrovascular ischemia in Meriones unguiculatus (gerbils)

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of L-alanyl-glutamine in a gerbil model of brain ischemia-reperfusion injury based on immunohistochemical quantification of pro-inflammatory and cell activation biomarkers (TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6 and HO-1). Methods Male gerbils weighing 100-180 g were pretreated with either 0.75 g/kg L-Ala-Gln (n=18) or 2.0 mL saline (n=18) administered i.v. 30 minutes before the bilateral ligation of the common carotid artery during 15 min and then the ligation was removed. Under anesthesia with urethane, brain tissue was harvested at 0 min (T0), 30 min (T30) and 60 min (T60) after reperfusion. The tissue was embedded in 10% formalin overnight and 4-μm sections were prepared for immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies. Immunostained cells were counted by optical microscopy. The statistical analysis used mean values based on 4 sections. Results The pretreatment with L-Ala-Gln animal group 1 demonstrated significantly lower levels of TNF-α, NF-κB and IL-6. On the other hand, the levels of HO-1 were significantly higher, suggesting a protective role in model of brain ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conclusion These findings suggest a protective effect of L-Ala-Gln by decreasing levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NF-κB and Increasing levels of HO-1.

Consulta de enfermagem em puericultura na estratégia saúde da família: revisão integrativa / Nursing consultation in childcare in the family health strategy: integrative review / Consulta de enfermería en puericultura en la estrategia salud de la familia: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre consulta de puericultura da enfermagem na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram consultadas as fontes de dados do período 2008 a 2017, com um levantamento de produções pelos descritores enfermagem, puericultura e atenção básica nas Bases de Dados: LILACS, SciELO e MEDLINE. Na etapa inicial da pesquisa encontrou-se 33 artigos. Após aplicar os filtros ano de publicação, disponibilidade, idioma e leitura dos títulos, a amostra totalizou 14 artigos científicos. Resultados: Os atendimentos de enfermagem à saúde da criança acontecem de forma fragmentada, com foco em dados antropométricos, estado nutricional e, por vezes, a imunização. Conclusão: Assim, averiguou-se a necessidade de os gestores promoverem a capacitação dos profissionais de saúde, a criação de um instrumento de padronização do atendimento ao infante aprimorando a sistematização de enfermagem. O estudo limita-se por ter realizado recorte temporal das publicações e por não ter abrangido todas as bases de dados existentes.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the scientific production about nursing child care consultation in the Family Health Strategy. Methods: integrative literature review. Data sources were consulted from 2008 to 2017, with a survey of production by the descriptors nursing, child care and basic care in the Databases: LILACS, SCIELO and MEDLINE. In the initial stage of the research 33 articles were found. After applying the filters year of publication, availability, language and reading titles, the sample totaled 14 scientific articles. Results: Nursing care for children occurs in a fragmented way, focusing on anthropometric data, nutritional status and, sometimes, immunization. Conclusion: Thus, it was verified the need for managers to promote the qualification of health professionals, the creation of an instrument to standardize infant care, improving nursing systematization. The study is limited by the time-cut of the publications and by not having covered all the existing databases.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la producción científica sobre consulta de puericultura de la enfermería en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Métodos: revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se consultaron las fuentes de datos del período 2008 a 2017, con un levantamiento de producciones por los descriptores enfermería, puericultura y atención básica en las Bases de Datos: LILACS, SCIELO y MEDLINE. En la etapa inicial de la investigación se encontraron 33 artículos. Después de aplicar los filtros año de publicación, disponibilidad, idioma y lectura de los títulos, la muestra totalizó 14 artículos científicos. Resultados: Las atenciones de enfermería a la salud del niño ocurren de forma fragmentada, con foco en datos antropométricos, estado nutricional y, a veces, la inmunización. Conclusión: Así, se averiguó la necesidad de que los gestores promover la capacitación de los profesionales de salud, la creación de un instrumento de estandarización de la atención al infante mejorando la sistematización de enfermería. El estudio se limita por haber realizado recorte temporal de las publicaciones y por no haber abarcado todas las bases de datos existentes.(AU)

Associação de dislipidemia, hipertensão e sobrepeso/obesidade com o turno de trabalho e tempo de serviço de policiais numa cidade de pequeno porte no Nordeste brasileiro / Association of dyslipidemia, hypertension and overweight/obesity with work shift and duration of employment among police officers in a small town in Northeastern Brazil

Introdução: A síndrome metabólica e diversas doenças crônicas vêm impactando o trabalho de policiais militares. Objetivos: Avaliar a relacão entre sobrepeso/obesidade e fatores de risco cardiovascular associados ao turno e ao tempo de serviço entre policiais. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 102 policiais militares da cidade de Cajazeiras, Paraíba. Foram analisadas características sociodemográficas, ocupacionais, índice de massa corporal (IMC), perfil lipídico, comorbidades e estilo de vida. Os testes χ2 e exato de Fisher foram utilizados na análise dos grupos. Resultados: Sobrepeso/obesidade foi encontrado em 83,3% dos policiais. Hipertrigliceridemia (49,1%), baixas concentrações de HDL-C (56,9%) e LDL-C sérico elevado (46,1%) apresentaram associação com alterações do IMC (p<0,05). Hipertensão arterial foi a principal doença relatada pelos participantes com sobrepeso/obesidade (28,2%) (p=0,01). Função desempenhada, estilo de vida e turno de trabalho não apresentaram associação com as variáveis analisadas. No entanto, alterações no IMC, dislipidemia e hipertensão foram frequentes entre os participantes com 6 a 10 ou mais de 10 anos de serviço (p<0,05). Conclusão: Parte dos participantes com um mínimo de 6 anos de tempo de serviço apresentou sobrepeso/obesidade associado a dislipidemia e hipertensão arterial. Recomenda-se a implementação de estratégias preventivas e terapêuticas para proteger os agentes policiais de doenças crônicas ou atenuar suas complicações no longo prazo. Estudos prospectivos são necessários para confirmar as associações identificadas no presente estudo, principalmente entre o tempo de serviço e doenças ocupacionais.

Background: Metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases have impact on the job performance of police officers. Objective: To investigate the association of overweight/obesity and cardiovascular risk factors with work shift and duration of employment among police officers. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 102 police officers in Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brazil, in which we analyzed sociodemographic data, occupational characteristics, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, personal history of disease and lifestyle. Statistical analysis included the chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Results: Overweight/obesity was found among most participants (83.3%). Hypertriglyceridemia (49.1%), low HDL-C (56.9%) and high LDL-C (46.1%) levels were associated with abnormal BMI (p<0.05). Hypertension was the main disease reported by overweight/obese participants (28.2%) (p=0.01). Job position, lifestyle and work shift were not associated with any of the analyzed variables, however, abnormal BMI, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were frequent among the participants with 6­10 or more than 10 years in the job (p<0.05). Conclusion: Part of the participants with at least 6 years in the job exhibited overweight/obesity in association with dyslipidemia and hypertension. We recommend prevention and therapeutic strategies to protect officers from chronic diseases or attenuate their long-term complications. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the associations we found, mainly between duration of employment and occupational diseases

Análise comparativa de características tomográficas de nódulos e massas pulmonares benignas e malignas / Comparative analysis of tomographic features of benign and malignant nodules and lung masses

Introdução: a análise quantitativa das características de nódulos e massas pulmonares por meio da tomografia computadorizada pode auxiliar o diagnóstico médico a estratificar o risco de malignidade. Objetivo: comparar características tomográficas de massas e nódulos pulmonares benignos e malignos, identificando a intensidade em escala de Hounsfield e padrões de textura. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, descritivo de levantamento. Foram selecionados prontuários de pacientes internados no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC) em Tubarão-SC, no ano de 2014 com diagnósticos de neoplasia benigna dos brônquios e do pulmão (NPB) (D143) e neoplasia maligna do lobo superior, do brônquio ou pulmão (NPM) (C34). Resultados: Foi observado que a chance para malignidade esteve relacionada ao sexo masculino OR=9,4 (IC 95% 1,7­51,1) com p=0,009, área>13,18 cm2 OR=14,6 (IC 95% 2,6­82,1) com p=0,002, nos parâmetros de textura, a correlação≤0,166550 OR=10,3 (IC 95% 2,1­49,2) com p=0,004 e momento inverso da diferença> 0,166550 OR=28,0 (IC 95% 4,2­184,3) com p=0,001. Conclusão: houve diferença entre os grupos NPB e NPM entre os parâmetros clínico-epidemiológicos e entre algumas características de textura analisadas.

Introduction: the quantitative analysis of the characteristics of nodules and lung masses by computed tomography can help the medical diagnosis to stratify the risk of malignancy. Objective: to compare the characteristics of benign and malignant pulmonary masses and nodules, identifying the intensity of the Hounsfield scale and texture patterns. Method: cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive survey. A selection of medical records was made, observing patients hospitalized at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC) in Tubarão-SC in the year 2014 with diagnosis of benign neoplasms of the bronchi and lungs (BNL) (D143) and malignant neoplasms of the upper lobe, bronchus or lung (MNL) (C34). Results: It was observed that a chance for malignancy was related to male OR = 9.4 (95% CI 1.7-51.1) with p = 0.009, area> 13.18 cm2 OR = 14.6 (95% CI 2.6-82.1) with p = 0.002, in texture, the correlation <0.166550 OR = 10.3 (95% CI 2.1-49.2) with p = 0.004 and inverse difference time> 0.166550 OR = 28.0 (CI 95% 4.2-184.3) with p = 0.001. Conclusion: there was a difference between the BNL and MNL groups between the clinical-epidemiological criteria and some texture characteristics analyzed.

Platelet count response to Helicobacter pylori eradication for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in northeastern Brazil

Abstract Background: Several studies have demonstrated that platelet counts in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura improved significantly after successful eradication of the infection. However, depending of the geographical region of the study the results have been highly divergent. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication therapy on platelet count in a cohort of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura patients from northeastern Brazil. Method: H. pylori status was determined in 28 chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura patients using the rapid urease test and histology. H. pylori-positive patients received standard triple therapy for one week. The effect of the eradication therapy was evaluated using the 13C-urea breath test two to three months after treatment. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was similar to that found in the general population. Twenty-two patients (78.5%) were H. pylori-positive. Fifteen were treated, 13 (86%) of whom successfully. At six months, 4/13 (30%) displayed increased platelet counts, which remained throughout follow-up (12 months). Platelet response was not associated to mean baseline platelet count, duration of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, gender, age, previous use of medication, or splenectomy. Conclusions: H. pylori eradication therapy showed relatively low platelet recovery rates, comparable with previous studies from southeastern Brazil. The effect of H. pylori eradication on platelet counts remained after one year of follow-up suggesting that treating H. pylori infection might be worthwhile in a subset of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura patients.

Effect of Carapa guianensis Aublet (Andiroba) and Orbignya phalerata (Babassu) in colonic healing in rats / Efeito da Carapa guianensis Aublet (Andiroba) eOrbignya phalerata (Babaçu) na cicatrização de colorrafias em ratos

Objective: to evaluate the healing effect of the babassu aqueous extract and andiroba oil on open wounds in the cecum of rats. Methods: fifty-four Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 18: 1) babassu group with application of aqueous extract of babassu; 2) andiroba group with application of the oil; and 3) control group, with application of saline solution. All procedures were done by gavage. Each group was divided into three subgroups of six animals according to the observation period of 7, 14 or 21 days. From each animal was removed caecum fragment of 1.5cm² diameter. The areas of the lesions were analyzed macroscopically and resected specimens by light microscopy using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. Results: abscess and infection were observed in two aroeira group animals, and in one only hematoma. In relationship to adhesions degree, babassu group had higher incidence of grade II while in the control and aroeira groups predominated adhesions grade I. On microscopic examination on day 7 fibroblast proliferation was greater in aroeira and lower in babassu group (p=0.028). On the 14th day polymorphonuclear were less pronounced in babassu (p=0.007). As for the resistance test of air insufflation, it was observed that in all andiroba group in all tested days showed be higher. As for collagen, on the 7th day it was present in 100% of animals of aroeira group. On the 14th day was more pronounced in the control group and at day 21 similar results were found in the control and aroeira groups. Conclusion: animals in babassu and andiroba groups showed better cecum healing compared to the control group.

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito cicatrizante do extrato aquoso do babaçu e do óleo de andiroba em feridas abertas no ceco de ratos. Métodos: cinquenta e quatro ratos Wistar foram divididos em três grupos de 18: 1) grupo babaçu, com aplicação do extrato aquoso de babaçu; 2) grupo andiroba, com aplicação do óleo; e 3) grupo controle, com aplicação de solução salina. Todos os procedimentos foram feitos por gavagem. Cada grupo foi dividido em três subgrupos de seis animais conforme o período de observação, aos 7, 14 ou 21 dias. De cada animal foi retirado fragmento do ceco com 1,5cm2 de diâmetro. As áreas das lesões foram analisadas por macroscopia e os segmentos ressecados das feridas por microscopia ótica em colorações de hematoxilina-eosina e tricrômico de Masson. Resultados: foram verificados abscesso e infecção em dois animais do grupo andiroba, e um com hematoma. Quanto ao grau de aderências, o grupo babaçu teve maior incidência de aderências grau II enquanto que no grupo controle e andiroba predominaram aderências grau I. Na análise microscópica no sétimo dia a proliferação fibroblástica foi maior no grupo andiroba e menor no grupo babaçu (p=0,028). No 14º dia os polimorfonucleares foram menos acentuados no grupo babaçu (p=0,007). Quanto ao teste de resistência à insuflação de ar atmosférico observou-se que o grupo andiroba em qualquer dos dias avaliados apresentou maior tensão. Quanto à colagenização, no sétimo dia, ela esteve presente em 100% dos animais do grupo andiroba. No 14º dia foi mais acentuada no grupo controle e no 21º dia resultados semelhantes para o grupo controle e andiroba. Conclusão: os animais dos grupos babaçu e andiroba apresentaram melhor cicatrização do ceco em comparação ao grupo controle.

Efeito da competição de plantas daninhas na cultura do feijoeiro / Effect of weed competition in bean

Foram realizados dois ensaios com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da interferência de Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitchc. , Amaranthus hybridus L. e Bidens pilosa L., bem como, a interferência do feijoeiro sobre o crescimento dessas plantas daninhas, além do efeito da mistura herbicida, fomesafen+fluazifop-p-butyl, sobre o desenvolvimento do feijoeiro. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, em vasos de 15 dm³, utilizandose o delineamento em blocos casualizados. No primeiro experimento avaliou-se a interferência das plantas daninhas e o efeito da mistura herbicida sobre a cultura, já no segundo avaliou o efeito da interferência do feijoeiro no desenvolvimento das três espécies de plantas daninhas. A competição do feijoeiro com as plantas daninhas ocasionou efeitos negativos no crescimento da cultura, assim como, reduziu o crescimento das plantas infestantes. B. plantaginea e B. pilosa foram às espécies daninhas que mais acarretaram efeito negativo no crescimento da cultura. Todas as plantas infestantes tiveram o seu crescimento afetado negativamente quando em convivência com a cultura. A mistura herbicida ocasionou redução no crescimento radicular da cultura, podendo se refletir em futuras perdas de rendimento em condição de déficit hídrico ou escassez de nutrientes.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of interference Brachiaria plantaginea, Bidens pilosa and Amaranthus hybridus in the growth of bean plants, as well as the interference of bean on the growth of these weeds, plus the effect of the herbicide mixture, fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl, on the development of bean. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in pots of 15 dm ³, using a randomized block design. The first experiment evaluated the effect of weed and the effect of the herbicide mixture on the culture, in the second evaluated the effect of interference of bean in the development of three weed species. The bean competition with weeds caused negative effects on crop growth as well as reduced the growth of weeds. B. plantaginea and B. pilosa were the weeds that have resulted in more negative effect on crop growth. All weeds had negative affected growth of the culture. The herbicide mixture caused reduction in root growth of culture; this fact may be reflected in future income losses in water stress conditions or lack of nutrients.

Abordagem cirúrgica de lesão granulomatosa criptocócica cerebral (criptococoma) em paciente imunocompetente / Surgical Approach to an Immunocompetent Patient's Cerebral Granulomatosis (cryptococcoma)

Acriptococose é a principalmicosequeatingeosistemanervosocentral, sendode distribuição mundial, mais prevalente em países em desenvolvimento. Atualmente, são descritas duas subespécies: Cryptococcus neoformans neoformans, associado à imunossupressão, e Cryptococcus neoformans gattii, em pacientes imunocompetentes. A criptococose do sistema nervoso central parenquimatosa em sua forma granulomatosa, ou criptococoma, é extremamente rara, sendo mais frequente a forma meningítica ou meningoencefalítica. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 35 anos, não portador da síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida e imunocompetente, com manifestações clínicas iniciais de cefaleia crônica, hemiparesia progressiva, confusão mental aguda e primeiro episódio de crise convulsiva tônico-clônica generalizada. Hipóteses diagnósticas préoperatórias de neoplasia maligna ou abscesso cerebral. Realizado procedimento cirúrgico, remoção completa da lesão maior, diminuindo o efeito de massa. A lesão foi diagnosticada, através de exame anatomopatológico, como criptococoma, o que torna o caso extremamente raro pelo tamanho da lesão e por ser o paciente imunocompetente. Houve melhora completa do déficit neurológico. O paciente encontra-se em seguimento clínico e tratamento medicamentoso com anfotericina-B.

Cryptococcosis is the main mycosis affecting the central nervous system, with worldwide distribution and higher prevalence in developing countries. Currently, two subspecies are described: Cryptococcus neoformans neoformans (associated with immunosuppression) and Cryptococcus neoformans gattii (in immunocompetent patients). Cryptococcosis of the central nervous system as a parenchymal granuloma or cryptococcoma is extremely rare, contrasting to themuchmore frequentmeningitic form. We report a 35 year-old immunocompetent patient with chronic headache, progressive hemiparesis, acute confusion and first episode of tonic-clonic seizures. Preoperative diagnostic hypotheses were malignancy or abscess. A large mass (5.5 cm) was surgically removed from the right parietal lobe relieving the mass effect. This was later diagnosed by pathological examination as cryptococcoma, an extremely rare case in view of lesion size and its occurrence in an immunocompetent subject. The patient evolved with complete resolution of the neurological deficit and is on amphotericin-B treatment.

Preconditioning with mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and low-intensity electrical stimulation. Effects on skin repair in rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of preconditioning with oils mixes containing ω3/ω6/ω9 associated with micro-currents on skin repair in rats. METHODS: One-hundred and eight Wistar rats randomized into G-1, G-2 and G-3 groups were treated with saline (0.9%), mix 1 (corn+soybean oils) and mix 2 (olive+canola+flaxseed oils), respectively, in a single dose (0.01ml/g) by gavage. Next, each group was subdivided into sham and stimulated subgroups. Pulsed-wave microcurrents (0.5 µA, 0.5 Hz) were applied to stimulated subgroups for 20 min. One hour later anesthetized rats were subjected to surgery. A dorsal incision (6 cm long) was carried out and closed with interrupted nylon sutures. Samples (1cm2 ) were harvested from the mid-portion of the incision on the 7, 14, 21 post-operative (P.O.) days. Variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney/Dunn tests Significance level was set to 5 % (p<0.05). RESULTS: Micro-currents promoted increase of exudate and reduction of epithelialization on day 7 in G1 rats. Mixes 1/2 reduced vascularization on 7/14th days P.O. Both 1/2 mixes reduced fibrosis on day 14. Preconditioning with mix 1 led to increased expression of NF-kB on the 7th day. CONCLUSION: Preconditioning with microcurrents has pro-inflammatory effects while oil mixes 1 and 2 decrease fibrosis and vascularization in the proliferative phase of cicatrization.

Preconditioning with mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and low-intensity electrical stimulation. Effects on skin repair in rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of preconditioning with oils mixes containing ω3/ω6/ω9 associated with micro-currents on skin repair in rats. METHODS: One-hundred and eight Wistar rats randomized into G-1, G-2 and G-3 groups were treated with saline (0.9%), mix 1 (corn+soybean oils) and mix 2 (olive+canola+flaxseed oils), respectively, in a single dose (0.01ml/g) by gavage. Next, each group was subdivided into sham and stimulated subgroups. Pulsed-wave microcurrents (0.5 µA, 0.5 Hz) were applied to stimulated subgroups for 20 min. One hour later anesthetized rats were subjected to surgery. A dorsal incision (6 cm long) was carried out and closed with interrupted nylon sutures. Samples (1cm2) were harvested from the mid-portion of the incision on the 7, 14, 21 post-operative (P.O.) days. Variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney/Dunn tests Significance level was set to 5 % (p<0.05). RESULTS: Micro-currents promoted increase of exudate and reduction of epithelialization on day 7 in G1 rats. Mixes 1/2 reduced vascularization on 7/14th days P.O. Both 1/2 mixes reduced fibrosis on day 14. Preconditioning with mix 1 led to increased expression of NF-kB on the 7th day. CONCLUSION: Preconditioning with microcurrents has pro-inflammatory effects while oil mixes 1 and 2 decrease fibrosis and vascularization in the proliferative phase of cicatrization. .

CagA phosphorylation EPIYA-C motifs and the vacA i genotype in Helicobacter pylori strains of asymptomatic children from a high-risk gastric cancer area in northeastern Brazil

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common infections worldwide and is associated with gastric diseases. Virulence factors such as VacA and CagA have been shown to increase the risk of these diseases. Studies have suggested a causal role of CagA EPIYA-C in gastric carcinogenesis and this factor has been shown to be geographically diverse. We investigated the number of CagA EPIYA motifs and the vacA i genotypes in H. pylori strains from asymptomatic children. We included samples from 40 infected children (18 females and 22 males), extracted DNA directly from the gastric mucus/juice (obtained using the string procedure) and analysed the DNA using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. The vacA i1 genotype was present in 30 (75%) samples, the i2 allele was present in nine (22.5%) samples and both alleles were present in one (2.5%) sample. The cagA-positive samples showed distinct patterns in the 3’ variable region of cagA and 18 of the 30 (60%) strains contained 1 EPIYA-C motif, whereas 12 (40%) strains contained two EPIYA-C motifs. We confirmed that the studied population was colonised early by the most virulent H. pylori strains, as demonstrated by the high frequency of the vacA i1 allele and the high number of EPIYA-C motifs. Therefore, asymptomatic children from an urban community in Fortaleza in northeastern Brazil are frequently colonised with the most virulent H. pylori strains. .

Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA genotypes in patients from northeastern Brazil with upper gastrointestinal diseases

Helicobacter pylori causes chronic gastric inflammation and significantly increases the risk of duodenal and gastric ulcer disease and distal gastric carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated the Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA genotypes in patients from a Brazilian region where there is a high prevalence of gastric cancer. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to investigate vacA mosaicism and cagA status in the gastric mucosa of 134 H. pylori-positive patients, including 76 with gastritis: 28 with peptic ulcer disease and 30 with gastric cancer. The s1m1 variant was the predominant vacA genotype observed, whereas the s1 allele was more frequently observed in patients with more severe diseases associated with H. pylori infection [p = 0.03, odds ratio (OR) = 5.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-38.60]. Furthermore, all of the s1 alleles were s1b. Mixed vacA m1/m2 strains were found more frequently in patients with gastric cancer and a cagA-positive status was significantly associated with gastric cancer (p = 0.016, OR = 10.36, 95% CI = 1.35-217.31). Patients with gastric cancer (21/21, 100%, p = 0.006) or peptic ulcers (20/21, 95%, p = 0.02) were more frequently colonised by more virulent H. pylori strains compared to gastritis patients (41/61, 67.2%). In conclusion, in the northeastern of Brazil, which is one of the regions with the highest prevalence of gastric cancer in the country, infection with the most virulent H. pylori strains, carrying the cagA gene and s1m1 vacA alleles, predominates and is correlated with more severe H. pylori-associated diseases.

Hipertensão pulmonar associada à síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida: apresentação de cinco casos e revisão da literatura / Pulmonary hypertension associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: presentation of five cases and review of the literature

Diversas doenças cardiorespiratórias podem complicar a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. A hipertensão pulmonar é uma rara doença com um pobre prognóstico. Nós descrevemos esta síndrome em cinco pacientes com infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida em nosso serviço com revisão da literatura.

Several cardiorespiratory diseases may complicate the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pulmonary hypertension is a rare clinical disorder with a poor prognosis. We describe this syndrome in five patients seen at our service who presented infection with the acquired immunodeficiency virus, and we review the literature.