RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with clinical chorioamnionitis among preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN: We reanalyzed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) from preterm newborns at less than 30 weeks' gestation. Cases and control definitions were determined using administrative records. There were 213 clinical chorioamnionitis cases and 707 clinically uninfected controls. We compared demographic and clinical outcomes of cases and controls. We performed a GWAS and compared the distribution of SNPs from the background genes and from the immunome genes. We used a Wilcoxon's rank-sum test to compare the SNPs normalized odds ratio and used odds ratios and p-values to determine candidate genes. RESULTS: Infants affected by clinical chorioamnionitis were more likely to have periventricular leukomalacia, high-grade retinopathy, and high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Although a GWAS did not identify SNPs associated with clinical chorioamnionitis at the genome-wide significance level, a direct test on the exonic variants in the human immunome revealed their significant increase of risk in clinical chorioamnionitis. CONCLUSION: Among very preterm infants, clinical chorioamnionitis was associated with periventricular leukomalacia, high-grade retinopathy, and IVH. Our analysis of variants in the human immunome indicates an association with clinical chorioamnionitis in very preterm pregnancies.
Asunto(s)
Corioamnionitis/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/genética , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/inmunología , Corioamnionitis/inmunología , Femenino , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Inmunidad/genética , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades del Prematuro , Leucomalacia Periventricular/genética , Leucomalacia Periventricular/inmunología , Masculino , Embarazo , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad/genética , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire , Exposición Profesional , Humanos , Lugar de Trabajo , Autoinforme , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/análisis , California , Dióxido de Silicio/análisis , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/prevención & control , Exposición Profesional/análisisAsunto(s)
Metadona/uso terapéutico , Tratamiento de Sustitución de Opiáceos , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Puerperales/etiología , Torsades de Pointes/etiología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Trastornos Puerperales/diagnóstico , Torsades de Pointes/diagnósticoAsunto(s)
Ansiolíticos/uso terapéutico , Antieméticos/uso terapéutico , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperemesis Gravídica/tratamiento farmacológico , Mirtazapina/uso terapéutico , Pérdida de Peso , Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Ansiedad/psicología , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperemesis Gravídica/diagnóstico , Hiperemesis Gravídica/fisiopatología , Hiperemesis Gravídica/psicología , Embarazo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between maternal homelessness at the time of delivery and perinatal outcomes, with a focus on neonatal health outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Population-based cohort using California's statewide database included 1,520,253 women with linked birth and maternal discharge data, 2008-2012. Multivariable analysis assessed homelessness at time of delivery on perinatal outcomes, preterm delivery, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. RESULT: A total of 672 women (0.05%) were homeless at the time of delivery. Homelessness was associated with premature delivery at multiple gestational age cutoffs (34w0d-36w6d; 32w0d-33w6d; 28w0d-31w6d; <28w0d) (range of aORs:1.62-2.19), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (aOR = 1.66, 95% CI:1.31-2.09). Among term infants, homelessness remained associated with increased odds of neonatal intensive care unit admission (aOR = 1.84, 95% CI:1.34-2.53), low birthweight (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI:1.36-2.90), neonatal abstinence syndrome (aOR = 2.13, 95% CI:1.35-2.53), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (aOR = 14.38, 95% CI:3.90-53.01), and necrotizing enterocolitis (aOR = 14.94, 95% CI:2.68-83.20). CONCLUSION: Homelessness in pregnancy was associated with adverse perinatal outcomes including increased odds of preterm delivery across all gestational ages, and increased risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission and low birth weight independent of preterm delivery.
Asunto(s)
Personas con Mala Vivienda , Síndrome de Abstinencia Neonatal , Nacimiento Prematuro , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo/epidemiología , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiología , Estudios RetrospectivosAsunto(s)
Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Hiperemesis Gravídica , Deficiencia de Tiamina , Encefalopatía de Wernicke , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/complicaciones , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperemesis Gravídica/complicaciones , Hiperemesis Gravídica/diagnóstico , Embarazo , Deficiencia de Tiamina/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Tiamina/diagnóstico , Encefalopatía de Wernicke/diagnóstico , Encefalopatía de Wernicke/etiologíaRESUMEN
Two experiments are reported concerning the perception of ground extent to discover whether prior reports of anisotropy between frontal extents and extents in depth were consistent across different measures (visual matching and pantomime walking) and test environments (outdoor environments and virtual environments). In Experiment 1 it was found that depth extents of up to 7 m are indeed perceptually compressed relative to frontal extents in an outdoor environment, and that perceptual matching provided more precise estimates than did pantomime walking. In Experiment 2, similar anisotropies were found using similar tasks in a similar (but virtual) environment. In both experiments pantomime walking measures seemed to additionally compress the range of responses. Experiment 3 supported the hypothesis that range compression in walking measures of perceived distance might be due to proactive interference (memory contamination). It is concluded that walking measures are calibrated for perceived egocentric distance, but that pantomime walking measures may suffer range compression. Depth extents along the ground are perceptually compressed relative to frontal ground extents in a manner consistent with the angular scale expansion hypothesis.
Asunto(s)
Percepción Auditiva , Percepción de Profundidad , Percepción de Distancia , Orientación , Percepción Visual , Caminata/psicología , Anisotropía , Aprendizaje Discriminativo , Femenino , Humanos , Conducta Imitativa , Cinestesia , Masculino , Propiocepción , Privación Sensorial , Estudiantes/psicología , Interfaz Usuario-ComputadorRESUMEN
Experiments take place in a physical environment but also a social environment. Generalizability from experimental manipulations to more typical contexts may be limited by violations of ecological validity with respect to either the physical or the social environment. A replication and extension of a recent study (a blood glucose manipulation) was conducted to investigate the effects of experimental demand (a social artifact) on participant behaviors judging the geographical slant of a large-scale outdoor hill. Three different assessments of experimental demand indicate that even when the physical environment is naturalistic, and the goal of the main experimental manipulation was primarily concealed, artificial aspects of the social environment (such as an explicit requirement to wear a heavy backpack while estimating the slant of a hill) may still be primarily responsible for altered judgments of hill orientation.