[Intervention effects and mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine of supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation on chronic intermittent hypoxia composite insulin resistance ApoE~(-/-) mice model].

This study aims to observe the intervention effects of Chinese herbal medicine of supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation on chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH) composite insulin resistance(IR) mediated atherosclerosis(AS) mice model,and to observe the mechanism of SREBP-1 c signaling molecule.IR Apo E-/-mice model was induced by high-fat diet combined with STZ injection.Then the mice were treated with hypoxic animal incubator for 8 h per day and 8 weeks to establish a CIH+IR-ApoE-/-mouse model.Model mice were randomly and averagely divided into normoxic control group(NC),model group(CIH) and SREBPs inhibitor group(betulin),atorvastatin group(WM),TCM low-dose group(TCM-L),TCM middle-dose group(TCM-M) and TCM high-dose group(TCM-H) group.Chinese herbal medicine of supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation including ginsenosides combined with ligustrazine(TMP) were used as intervention drugs.The study observed the effect of drugs on IR,serum lipid,inflammation,stress,AS and SREBP-1 c related molecules.The results showed that fasting blood glucose in TCM-H group decreased compared with other experimental groups(P<0.05).HDL-C level in betulin group,WM group,TCM-H group was higher than that in CIH group(P<0.05).LDL-C level in TCM-M group,TCM-H group is lower than that in CIH group(P<0.05).The level of CRP in CIH group was higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).The level of SOD in TCM-H group was higher than that in CIH group(P<0.05).NC group and CIH group showed obvious AS aortic plaque,while betulin group,WM group,TCM-H group showed reduction in AS plaque(P<0.05).For descending aorta,AS plaque in CIH group was multiple and large,while less and smaller in WM group and TCM-H(P<0.05).The expression of SREBP-1 c and FAS in aorta and skeletal muscle in TCM-H group was lower than that in CIH group(P<0.05).In aorta,the expression of TNF-α and CD106(VCAM-1) was lower in TCM-H group than that in CIH group(P<0.05).In aorta,skeletal muscle and liver,the level of p-IRS-1 in TCM-H group was significantly higher than that in CIH group(P<0.05).In aorta and liver,the expression of HIF-1α in TCM-H group was lower than that in CIH group(P<0.05).The study demonstrated that combination ginsenosides with TMP could improve IR and serum lipid level and inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress as well as ultimately alleviate AS to some extent.And the mechanism of its interventional effects might be related to the inhibition of CIH-induced upregulation of SREBP-1 c related molecules.

Quantum chemical study of reaction mechanism between plutonium and nitrogen.

The study of the reaction between plutonium and nitrogen is helpful in further understanding the interaction between plutonium and air molecules. Currently, there is no research on the microscopic reaction mechanism of plutonium nitridation reactions. Therefore, the microscopic mechanism of the Pu with N2 gas phase reaction is explored in this study, based on density functional theory (DFT) using different basis functions. In this paper, the geometry of stationary points on the potential energy surface is optimized. In addition, the transition states are verified by frequency analysis and intrinsic reaction coordination (IRC). Finally, we obtained the reaction potential energy curve and micro reaction pathways. Analysis of the reaction mechanism shows that the reaction of Pu with N2 has two pathways. Pathway 1 (Pu + N2 → R1 → TS1 → PuN2) has a T-shaped transition state and pathway 2 (Pu + N2 → R2 → TS2 → PuN + N) has an L-shaped transition state. Both transition states have only one imaginary frequency. According to the comparison of the energy at each stagnation point along the two pathways, and the heat energy emitted by the two reaction paths, we found that pathway 1 is the main reaction pathway. The nature of Pu-N bonding evolution along the pathways was studied by atoms in molecules (AIM) and electron localization function (ELF) topological approaches. In order to analyze the role of the plutonium atom 5f orbital in the reaction, the variation in density state along the pathways was measured. Results show that the 5f orbital mainly contributes to the formation of Pu-N bonds, and the influence of temperature on the reaction rate is revealed by calculating the rate constants of the two reaction pathways.

The lysine acetylome of the nematocidal bacterium Bacillus nematocida and impact of nematode on the acetylome.

Bacillus nematocida B16 (B16) is a pathogenic bacterium that is nematotoxic to plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, we performed a quantitative lysine acetylome analysis on B16 to understand the potential roles of protein lysine acetylation on this host-pathogen interaction. Altogether, we identified 529 acetylation sites in 349 proteins, quantified 411 sites in 288 proteins, determined that the acetylation levels of 18 sites were up-regulated and those of 19 sites were down-regulated during pathogenesis. The acetylated proteins mainly participated in metabolic processes, protein synthesis, and cell wall/membrane biogenesis. Moreover, these proteins are involved in more than twenty KEGG pathways. Eight peptide motifs of acetylated proteins were identified, five of which have been thus far found only in the B16 acetylome. Twenty-two acetylated proteins were found to be involved in the synthesis of nematode attractants, and two were found to be involved in the secretion of virulence factors. In addition, the acetylation levels of ten lysine sites were regulated significantly differently in the presence of nematodes. Our results reveal that lysine acetylation may play roles in regulating B16-nematode interaction. SIGNIFICANCE: B. nematocida B16 is a bio-control bacterium against nematodes. It lures nematodes to their death by a Trojan horse mechanism. But there is little understanding about the regulation of this "Trojan horse" like pathogenesis. Lysine acetylation was reported to regulate diverse cellular processes. Our results revealed that lysine acetylation played indeed roles in regulating the B16-nematodes interaction. Our data laid a foundation for studying the molecule mechanism of lysine acetylation in regulating this host-pathogen interaction.

Polyacrylamide Gel Polymerization: Ascorbic Acid-ferrous Sulfate-ammonium Persulfate Initiator for Acid System.

A new initiator system for polyacrylamide gel polymerization at low pH is developed. The system consists of ascorbic acid, ferrous sulfate and ammonium persulfate (AP). It is effective under acid conditions even if the concentration of the initiators is very low. To get high incorporation efficiency of acrylamide, the ratio of the AP, ascorbic acid and ferrous sulfate must be in a suitable range. The conversion efficiency has been assessed as a function of the pH of the gelling solution, in pH2.0--6.58 range. New system is able to guarantee>98% conversion in the pH 2.0--5.0 range. In contrast to the hydrogen peroxide-ascorbic acid-ferrous sulfate system widely used under acid conditions, new system gives a much higher incorporation efficiency of acrylamide, lower gel pore size at the same concentration and cross linkage and better gel mechanical property that made the gel easy handle for general purpose. The recommended concentrations of the initiators are: AP, 2.2-3.3 mmol/L, ascorbic acid, 0.91-1.82mmol/L, FeSO(4), 0.046-0.092 mmol/L.