The prevalence and risk factors associated with zinc deficiency after pancreatic surgery.

PURPOSE: To clarify the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications associated with zinc deficiency in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. METHODS: The serum zinc levels were measured in 329 patients post-pancreatic surgery between January and April 2021. The postoperative serum zinc levels and clinicopathological variables were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The median serum zinc level was 73 µg/dL (33-218). Zinc deficiency (zinc level < 60 µg/dL) was observed in 52 patients (16%). A total of 329 patients were classified into zinc-deficient (n = 52) and non-deficient (zinc ≥ 60 µg/dL, n = 277) groups. A univariate analysis revealed significant differences in sex, postoperative body mass index, serum albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), HbA1c levels, diabetes, surgical procedures, and operative blood loss. According to a multivariate analysis, male sex [odds ratio (OR) 3.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67-8.20; p = 0.001], postoperative serum albumin levels < 3.9 g/dL (OR 6.39; 95% CI 3.30-12.37; p < 0.001), postoperative serum AST ≥ 51 U/L (OR, 4.6; 95% CI 0.07-0.29; p < 0.001), and total pancreatectomy (OR 3.68; 95% CI 1.37-9.85; p = 0.009) were found to be independent predictors of zinc deficiency after pancreatic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Zinc deficiency frequently occurs in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. Lower postoperative zinc levels could be linked to sex, the serum albumin and AST levels, and surgery type.

Efficacy of the slow firing method using a reinforced triple-row stapler for preventing postoperative pancreatic fistula during laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy.

PURPOSE: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains the most clinically relevant complication of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP). The present study evaluated the efficacy of the "slow firing method" using a reinforced triple-row stapler (Covidien, Tokyo, Japan) during LDP. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included 73 consecutive patients who underwent LDP using the slow firing method. A black cartridge was used in all patients. The primary endpoint was the rate of clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF) after LDP. Secondary endpoints included perioperative outcomes and factors associated with CR-POPF as well as the correlation between the transection time and thickness of the pancreas. RESULTS: Four patients (5.5%) developed CR-POPF (grade B). Overall morbidity rates, defined as grade ≥ II and ≥ III according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, were 21 and 11%, respectively. The median postoperative hospital stay was 10 days. Preoperative diabetes (13.6 vs. 0.2%, P = 0.044) and thickness of the pancreas ≥ 15 mm (13.8% vs. 0%, P = 0.006) were identified as independent risk factors for CR-POPF. The median transection time was 16 (8-29) min. CONCLUSION: The slow firing method using a reinforced triple-row stapler for pancreatic transection is simple, safe, and effective for preventing CR-POPF after LDP.

Conversion to open laparotomy during laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: lessons from a single-center experience in 70 consecutive patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing conversion from laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) to open surgery, and the effect of such conversion on the outcome. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included 70 consecutive patients undergoing LDP. The primary endpoint was the rate of conversion to open surgery during LDP. The secondary endpoints were determining the reasons for conversion to open surgery, with detailed analyses of these cases and a comparison of the surgical outcome with and without conversion. RESULTS: Seven patients (10%) required conversion to open surgery during LDP. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) was identified as a risk factor for conversion (p = 0.010). The reasons for conversion included technical difficulty (two bleeding, one severe adhesion) and pancreatic stump-related issues (two margin-positive, two stapling failures). Although the overall morbidity rate (29 vs. 11%, p = 0.48) and the rate of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (14 vs. 5%, p = 0.82) were no different for the patients with or without open conversion, the postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the former (median 15 vs. 10 days, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Careful preoperative assessment is required when planning LDP for PDAC. Although conversion to open surgery does not result in failure of LDP, efforts to reduce the duration of postoperative hospital stay and the occurrence of complications are desirable to improve the outcome of LDP.

[A Case of Emergency Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Tumor Bleeding in Duodenal Cancer with Multiple Liver Metastases].

A 62 year-old female presenting with shortness of breath and severe anemia(Hb level 4.4 g/dL)was diagnosed with tumor bleeding and duodenal cancer by gastrointestinal endoscopy.Computed tomography scan revealed multiple liver metastases.After admission, the Hb level dropped from 9.1 g/dL to 5.1 g/dL in one night, and emergency pancreaticoduodenectomy( PD)was performed to control the bleeding.The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day(POD)16.Systemic chemotherapy was initiated 1 month after surgery, but the patient died from the disease 13 months after surgery.Emergency PD could be a treatment option in patients with uncontrolled tumor bleeding and fatal conditions.

Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy for benign and low-grade malignant lesions of the pancreas: a single-center comparative study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) and open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) for benign and low-grade malignant lesions to determine the safety and efficacy of LDP. METHODS: This retrospective comparative study included 67 consecutive patients who underwent LDP (n = 32) and ODP (n = 35) for benign or low-grade malignant lesions of the pancreas from January 2012 to March 2017. Thirty-five patients who were eligible for LDP in the ODP group were carefully selected. The clinical outcomes were compared in an intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: LDP was associated with significantly less operative blood loss (182 ± 232 vs. 505 ± 376 ml, P < 0.001) but a longer operation time (327 ± 89 vs. 173 ± 48 min, P < 0.001), than ODP. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the overall morbidity rates defined by Clavien-Dindo classification ≥ grade II (13% vs. 11%), clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula rates (6% vs. 9%), and lengths of postoperative hospital stay (11 vs. 11 days). CONCLUSION: The study showed that LDP was safe and feasible. LDP should be considered as the first-line treatment for benign and low-grade malignant lesions in the left side of the pancreas.

New macroscopic classification and back-flow thrombectomy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus invading the contralateral second portal branch.

PURPOSE: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) invading the portal trunk (Vp4) are poor surgical candidates because of the technical difficulties involved. To overcome the limitations, we developed a technique of back-flow thrombectomy (BFT) based on the inherent portal hemodynamics and the macroscopic form of PVTT. METHODS: Forty-six patients with multiple HCC and Vp4 PVTT underwent hepatectomy with tumor thrombectomy. We used the BFT to treat 24 patients, 18 of whom had PVTT in the contralateral second portal branch. The form of PVTT was classified macroscopically into the floating and expansive types. RESULTS: The rate of complete removal by BFT of PVTT in the contralateral second portal branch was 89%. The patency rates at the thrombectomy site in all 46 patients and in the 24 BFT patients, 3 months after hepatectomy were 93 and 90%, respectively. The median OS of all 46 patients was 15 months, with 1- and 3-year OS rates of 58.5 and 17.1%, respectively. The median OS of the 24 patients treated with BFT vs. the 22 not treated with BFT was 14 and 15 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: BFT can expand the therapeutic time window for patients with HCC and deep-seated PVTT and may improve their survival.

[Surgical Dissection for an Abdominal Para-Aortic Lymph Node Recurrence after Curative Resection for Early Gastric Cancer - Report of a Case].

A 72-year-old man underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer at antrum in July 2015. The histopathological examination revealed an adenocarcinoma invading the deep submucosal layer(SM2)with lymphatic invasion, consistent with the diagnosis of non-curative resection. Additional surgery was recommended, and he underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in August 2015. The histopathological examination of resected specimen revealed there were no lymph node metastases, and postoperative diagnosis was Stage I A. However, 8 months after the surgery, abdominal enhanced computed tomography(CT)revealed an enlargement of para-aortic lymph node. Positron emission tomography-CT showed high accumulation at the enlarged lymph node. A para-aortic lymph node metastasis was suspected, and laparoscopic lymph node dissection was performed in July 2016. The histopathological examination revealed lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. He was given systematic chemotherapy using S-1 plus cisplatin after the surgery, and has been followed-up without recurrences for 21 months after the first operation. Although recurrence of the para-aortic lymph nodes was assumed as part of a systemic metastasis, some population certainly benefit from multidisciplinary treatment including surgical approach.

[A Case of Recurrent Colorectal Cancer with Bilateral Ovarian Metastases That Were Reduced with Regorafenib Therapy].

A 63-year-old woman had recurrences of metastatic rectal cancer in the lung, peritoneum, and ovary. Regorafenib was administered at 160mg/day as third-line chemotherapy. The patient developed Grade(Gr)3 hand-foot syndrome(HFS) and Gr 2 rash, but the abdominal distension and pain were relieved by the 1st course. Analgesics could be reduced and regorafenib was administrated at reduced dosage. The patient received keishi-bukuryo-gan(EK-25)and sai-rei-tou(TJ-114) for HFS. At the beginning of therapy, ovarian metastases were not reduced and showed poor contrast enhancement on CT. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and tumor markers were increased. During the 4th course of therapy, ovarian metastases tended to shrink and serum levels of LDH and tumor markers were decreased. Ovarian metastases showed a partial response(PR)after the 6th course. Lung metastases showed a progressive disease during the 2nd course, but a PR after the 3rd course, and were not apparent after the 6th course. Reduction of metastases was maintained at 16 months after the start of therapy, and HFS was assessed at Gr 2 or lower. Physical, laboratory, and imaging findings should be carefully evaluated prior to long-term administration of regorafenib.

[A Case of Invasive Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Carcinoma, Penetrating the Stomach, Colon, and Jejunum].

A 69-year-old woman was admitted to a nearby clinic complaining of abdominal pain. Abdominal CT showed a 10 cm diameter huge cystic lesion in the body and tail of the pancreas. The patient was referred to our institution for treatment. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed a cystic mass with a solid lesion. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography(ERP) demonstrated mucous at the opening of the papilla of Vater and dilatation of the pancreatic duct with a solid nodule. Contrast radiography revealed a fistula from the tumor to the jejunum. A biopsy specimen from the lesion showed adenocarcinoma. Intraoperative findings showed a tumor occupying the pancreas body and tail with suspected invasion to the stomach, jejunum, and transverse colon. We performed distal pancreatectomy with partial resection of stomach, jejunum, and colon. Pathological findings showed an invasive type of IPMC, with invasion to the subserosal layer of the stomach and colon and the mucous layer of the jejunum. While IPMC is recognized as a slow growing malignancy, some cases of invasive carcinoma with fistulation into adjacent organs have been reported. To our knowledge, a case of IPMC penetrating to 3 adjacent organs is rare.

[Successful Multimodal Treatment for Aggressive Extrahepatic Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma - A Case Report].

A 38-year-old man underwent right hepatectomy for a huge hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in the right hepatic lobe. Four months later, recurrent and metastatic disease were observed in the remnant liver and right lung, respectively. We performed a hepatectomy for the recurrent lesion because transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) was not effective. After surgery, we initiated sorafenib treatment for the lung metastases. One year later, the lung metastases worsened and metastases were observed in the mediastinal lymph nodes, and both metastatic lesions were resected. Seven months later, para-aortic lymph nodal metastasis was observed and dissected. Three months later, metastasis to the supraclavicular lymph node was observed. We performed particle radiation therapy and a complete response was achieved. One year later, metastases in both lungs were observed and resected. Despite continued sorafenib administration throughout the clinical course, a metastasis to the left adrenal gland was observed. This lesion was extirpated because no other recurrent lesions were detected. At 4 years and 6 months after the first operation, no other recurrences have occurred. Currently, sorafenib is the initial drug of choice for HCC with extrahepatic metastases. It is possible to improve the prognosis of patients with HCC and extrahepatic metastases by applying surgical treatment during the course of sorafenib administration.

Long-term outcomes and prognostic factors with reductive hepatectomy and sequential percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion for multiple bilobar hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Sorafenib is currently recommended as first-line therapy for patients with intermediate or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) per Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging. However, the median overall survival (OS) with sorafenib in these patients is 10.7 months with an overall response rate of 2 %. We retrospectively investigated the long-term outcomes and prognostic factors with reductive hepatectomy and sequential percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion (PIHP) for refractory intermediate or advanced HCC. METHODS: A total of 68 patients who had intermediate or advanced stage HCC without extrahepatic metastases were scheduled for reductive hepatectomy plus PIHP. All patients underwent reductive hepatectomy and PIHP with mitomycin C 20-40 mg/m(2) and/or doxorubicin 60-120 mg/m(2) 1-3 months after surgery (mean, 1.51 times/patient). RESULTS: The objective response rate of PIHP was 70.6 % (complete plus partial response). The median OS of all 68 patients was 25 months, and the 5-year OS rate was 27.6 %. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that tumor response to PIHP and normalization of serum des-γ-carboxy prothrombin concentrations after PIHP were independent prognostic factors for OS. CONCLUSIONS: The median OS of the study population treated by reductive hepatectomy and sequential PIHP was 25 months. This treatment strategy can offer a possible curative treatment to patients with refractory intermediate and advanced HCC.

[A case of resection of a metastatic liver tumor that recurred after particle beam therapy].

Recently, the indications for particle beam therapy have been expanded to include metastatic liver tumors. However, its adverse effects on the treated liver are unclear, and the possibility of local recurrence after treatment should not be ignored. A 65-year-old man with advanced rectal carcinoma underwent low anterior resection. Resectable metastatic liver tumors were detected after adjuvant chemotherapy; however, he opted to undergo particle beam therapy. Nine months after treatment, a local recurrence was detected around the treated area, and central bisegmentectomy of the liver was performed as a salvage operation. The operation was technically complicated owing to severe adhesions and inflammatory changes in the liver parenchyma around the treated area. Pathological examination revealed advanced liver fibrosis at the treated area, in contrast with normal parenchyma in the untreated area. Although the procedure requires advanced surgical techniques, salvage surgery is a feasible option for recurrent liver tumors after particle beam therapy.

[Long-term survival in a patient receiving multidisciplinary therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with left iliac bone metastasis].

The patient was a 79-year-old man diagnosed with a single 9.3-cm hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the medial segment of the liver, and left iliac bone metastasis. Initially, the patient was treated with a hepatic arterial infusion of low-dose FP (cisplatin/5-fluorouracil) at another hospital. Here, the patient received particle therapy for the left iliac bone metastasis at a total dose of 52.8 Gy in 4 fractions. Subsequently, he underwent medial segmentectomy of the liver to treat the primary HCC. Eleven months later, the first intrahepatic recurrence occurred, and the tumor was treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA). A second intrahepatic recurrence was detected 39 months later, which was also treated with percutaneous RFA. The patient remains well, with no evidence of tumor recurrence.

[Hassab's operation for left-sided portal hypertension after pancreatoduodenectomy].

Here, we report a case of Hassab's operation for left-sided portal hypertension after pancreatoduodenectomy. A 69-year old man underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer in 2006 in which the splenic vein was ligated near the portal vein and then divided. The patient suffered repeated episodes of anemia between 2010 and 2013. However, we could not identify the bleeding site at that time. In 2011, local recurrence was detected. Disease progression occurred despite chemotherapy treatment, which was then discontinued. The left-sided portal hypertension gradually progressed, and the collateral vessels became dilated. In 2014, he was examined in our department for gastrointestinal bleeding. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed bleeding from gastric varices. Gastrointestinal bleeding ceased after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy ( EIS) was performed; however, the bleeding recurred. Balloon retrograde transvenous occlusion (BRTO) could not be performed because blood flow was not detected within the gastro-renal shunt. An emergency surgery was performed. Surgical splenectomy and devascularization (Hassab's operation) were performed. After surgery, the gastric body varices and gastrointestinal anastomosis disappeared and the bleeding did not occur. He is currently receiving outpatient treatment.

[A case of adjuvant surgery for a patient with initially unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) with a favorable response to S-1 chemotherapy].

A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of epigastric discomfort. A 29-mm hypovascular tumor was detected in the head of the pancreas by abdominal computed tomography imaging. As the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was also involved, we diagnosed the tumor as unresectable pancreatic cancer. With S-1 chemotherapy, a radiological partial response was seen. After 4 courses of chemotherapy, a subtotal-stomach-preserving-pancreatoduodenectomy with dissection of the nerve plexus surrounding the SMA was performed. Although the tissue surrounding the SMA was hard, invasion of the SMA was not detected. Microscopic investigation revealed a few moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma cells in the fibrous tissue and the nerve fibers of pancreas. No cancer cells were found at the edges of the surgical specimen. The patient underwent R0 resection and a pathological evaluation showed Grade III tumor according to the Evans classification. After surgery, S-1 was interrupted because of diarrhea and local recurrence appeared 4 months postoperatively. For improving the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancers, surgical intervention is often performed in patients with initially unresectable pancreatic cancers who have "long-term" favorable responses to chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. However, because of the possibility of relatively good prognosis with nonsurgical treatment for such patients and also the demerits of surgical stress, it is important to carefully consider the adjuvant surgery option.

Phf14, a novel regulator of mesenchyme growth via platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor-α.

The regulation of mesenchymal cell growth by signaling molecules plays an important role in maintaining tissue functions. Aberrant mesenchymal cell proliferation caused by disruption of this regulatory process leads to pathogenetic events such as fibrosis. In the current study we have identified a novel nuclear factor, Phf14, which controls the proliferation of mesenchymal cells by regulating PDGFRα expression. Phf14-null mice died just after birth due to respiratory failure. Histological analyses of the lungs of these mice showed interstitial hyperplasia with an increased number of PDGFRα(+) mesenchymal cells. PDGFRα expression was elevated in Phf14-null mesenchymal fibroblasts, resulting in increased proliferation. We demonstrated that Phf14 acts as a transcription factor that directly represses PDGFRα expression. Based on these results, we used an antibody against PDGFRα to successfully treat mouse lung fibrosis. This study shows that Phf14 acts as a negative regulator of PDGFRα expression in mesenchymal cells undergoing normal and abnormal proliferation, and is a potential target for new treatments of lung fibrosis.

[Analysis of the safety and efficacy of percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion after particle therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma].

Here, we report the efficacy of dual treatment with hepatic resection and percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion (PIHP) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma( HCC). Recently, we introduced treatment with combined particle therapy and PIHP for unresectable HCC in cases of insufficient liver function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PIHP for local control in the liver after particle therapy. From 2006 to 2013, 6 patients underwent particle therapy for the main lesion and subsequent PIHP for remnant liver lesions. Their mean age was 64 years, and the mean size of the main lesion was 6.2 cm (range, 2.0-10.8 cm). All patients had liver cirrhosis. After particle therapy, PIHP was performed by hepatic arterial infusion of 100 mg/m2 of doxorubicin and 30 mg/m2 of mitomycin C. With regard to side effects, neutropenia occurred in all patients but no serious hepatobiliary injury was observed. The response rate for PIHP was 50% (partial response: 3 and stable disease: 3). The mean overall survival time was 26.9 months after particle therapy. In conclusion, even after particle therapy, PIHP is a safe treatment and is associated with a good local control rate for remnant HCCs. Further accumulation of data is needed to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment strategy in terms of prognosis.

[The role of preoperative percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion and hepatectomy in multidisciplinary treatment].

We report a case of multiple bilobar hepatocellular carcinoma( HCC) that was successfully treated with a multidisciplinary treatment including preoperative percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion and hepatectomy. The patient was a 61- year-old man who was detected as having HCC mainly in segment 4 and 8 of the liver and multiple bilobar intrahepatic metastasis during follow-up evaluation for chronic hepatitis B. Curative resection was difficult because the patient had insufficient liver function and because of the location of the tumor. Hence, we performed preoperative percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion (PIHP) to control the multiple HCC. Seven weeks after the PIHP, the tumor size had reduced, and therefore we performed an extended left hepatic lobectomy. In addition to these treatment modalities, we performed transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) 3 times owing to recurrent HCC in the right liver lobe. Considering that HCC in segment 8 can be treated with TACE, we performed partial hepatectomy. As of the last follow-up visit, the patient was alive without disease recurrence. Thus, preoperative PIHP may improve the resectability rate in patients with multiple bilobar HCC for which curative resection is difficult to perform.

Achievement of Complete Response and Drug-Free Status by Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab Combined with or without Curative Conversion in Patients with Transarterial Chemoembolization-Unsuitable, Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter Proof-Of-Concept Study.

Introduction: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy is extremely effective in the treatment of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a response rate of 44%, as reported in the IMbrave150 trial. When tumor shrinkage is obtained, achieving complete response (CR) is possible in many cases using curative conversion with resection, ablation, or superselective transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with curative intent. This concept, i.e., curative conversion by combining systemic therapy and locoregional therapy, has not been reported before. This multicenter proof-of-concept study was conducted to show the value of curative conversion in immunotherapy-treated intermediate-stage HCC meeting TACE-unsuitable criteria. Methods: This study included 110 consecutive Child-Pugh A patients who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for unresectable and TACE-unsuitable intermediate-stage HCC at seven centers in Japan. CR rate, drug-free rate, time to CR, change in liver function, efficacy in positron emission tomography (PET)-positive HCC, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed in patients who achieved CR using resection, ablation, superselective TACE with curative intent following atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or atezolizumab plus bevacizumab alone. Results: Clinical or pathological CR was achieved in 38 patients (35%) (median observation period: 21.2 months). The modalities of curative conversion in 35 patients were as follows: resection, 7; ablation, 13; and superselective TACE, 15. Three patients achieved clinical CR with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy alone. Among the 38 CR patients, 25 achieved drug-free status. PFS was not reached, and 3 patients experienced recurrence after reaching CR. Regarding OS, there were no deaths in any of the CR patients. The albumin-bilirubin score did not deteriorate after locoregional therapy or resection. Of seven PET-positive patients who achieved CR with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab followed by curative conversion, five achieved drug-free status. Conclusion: The achievement of CR rate by curative conversion in patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as the preceding therapy for unresectable and TACE-unsuitable intermediate-stage HCC was 35%. Overall, 23% of patients achieved drug-free status and no recurrence was observed from this patient subgroup with CR and drug-free status. Thus, achieving CR and/or drug-free status should be a therapeutic goal for patients with intermediate-stage HCC without vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread.

[A case of bilobar multiple hepatocellular carcinoma in which complete remission was achieved by preoperative percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion and subsequent hepatectomy].

We report a case of bilobar multiple hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) successfully treated by preoperative percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion(PIHP) and subsequent hepatectomy. A 77-year-old man with elevated serum PIVKA-II level and hepatomas was referred to our hospital. Abdominal dynamic computed tomography and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated advanced HCCs: 11 tumors with a maximum tumor size of 4.8 cm diameter in the right lobe, and 1 tumor of 3.6 cm diameter in the left lobe. Curative resection was impossible due to insufficient liver function and due to the locations of the tumors. Therefore, we performed preoperative PIHP in order to control the multiple HCCs in the right lobe. This resulted in normalization of serum PIVKA-II level and complete necrosis of all tumors in the right lobe, as observed on dynamic computed tomography after 4 weeks of PIHP. Then, at 7 weeks after PIHP, we performed extended left lobectomy for residual tumor in the left lobe. Finally, complete remission was thought to have been achieved. The patient is alive 6 months after PIHP, without recurrence.