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Psychol Med ; 48(8): 1264-1273, 2018 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28920569

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that autism and schizophrenia share similarities in genetic, neuropsychological and behavioural aspects. Although both disorders are associated with theory of mind (ToM) impairments, a few studies have directly compared ToM between autism patients and schizophrenia patients. This study aimed to investigate to what extent high-functioning autism patients and schizophrenia patients share and differ in ToM performance. METHODS: Thirty high-functioning autism patients, 30 schizophrenia patients and 30 healthy individuals were recruited. Participants were matched in age, gender and estimated intelligence quotient. The verbal-based Faux Pas Task and the visual-based Yoni Task were utilised to examine first- and higher-order, affective and cognitive ToM. The task/item difficulty of two paradigms was examined using mixed model analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Multiple ANOVAs and mixed model ANOVAs were used to examine group differences in ToM. RESULTS: The Faux Pas Task was more difficult than the Yoni Task. High-functioning autism patients showed more severely impaired verbal-based ToM in the Faux Pas Task, but shared similar visual-based ToM impairments in the Yoni Task with schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSIONS: The findings that individuals with high-functioning autism shared similar but more severe impairments in verbal ToM than individuals with schizophrenia support the autism-schizophrenia continuum. The finding that verbal-based but not visual-based ToM was more impaired in high-functioning autism patients than schizophrenia patients could be attributable to the varied task/item difficulty between the two paradigms.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno Autístico/psicología , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Teoría de la Mente , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Hong Kong , Hospitales Psiquiátricos , Humanos , Pruebas de Inteligencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Análisis y Desempeño de Tareas
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