In search of phosphorus in astronomical environments: The reaction between the CP radical (X2Σ+) and methanimine.

Phosphorus is of particular interest in astrochemistry because it is a biogenic element together with hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. However, the chemical evolution of such element in the interstellar medium (ISM) is still far from an accurate characterization, with the chemistry of P-bearing molecules being poorly understood. To provide a contribution in this direction, we have carried out an accurate investigation of the potential energy surface for the reaction between the CP radical and methanimine (CH2NH), two species already detected in the ISM. In analogy to similar systems, i.e., CH2NH + X, with X = OH, CN, and CCH, this reaction can occur-from an energetic point of view-under the harsh conditions of the ISM. Furthermore, since the major products of the aforementioned reaction, namely, E- and Z-2-phosphanylidyneethan-1-imine (HN=CHCP) and N-(phosphaneylidynemethyl)methanimine (H2C=NCP), have not been spectroscopically characterized yet, some effort has been made for filling this gap by means of accurate computational approaches.

An improved study of HCO+ and He system: Interaction potential, collisional relaxation, and pressure broadening.

In light of its ubiquitous presence in the interstellar gas, the chemistry and reactivity of the HCO+ ion requires special attention. The availability of up-to-date collisional data between this ion and the most abundant perturbing species in the interstellar medium is a critical resource in order to derive reliable values of its molecular abundance from astronomical observations. This work intends to provide improved scattering parameters for the HCO+ and He collisional system. We have tested the accuracy of explicitly correlated coupled-cluster methods for mapping the short- and long-range multi-dimensional potential energy surface of atom-ion systems. A validation of the methodology employed for the calculation of the potential well has been obtained from the comparison with experimentally derived bound-state spectroscopic parameters. Finally, by solving the close-coupling scattering equations, we have derived the pressure broadening and shift coefficients for the first six rotational transitions of HCO+ as well as inelastic state-to-state transition rates up to j = 5 in the 5-100 K temperature interval.

Milk-derived bioactive peptides protect against oxidative stress in a Caco-2 cell model.

Milk and milk-derived products are a relevant source of bioactive peptides, which are also potential components of functional foods. Bioactive peptides exert multiple actions including an antioxidant role. In the present paper, four synthetic peptides (NPYVPR, AVPYPQR, KVLPVPEK, and ARHPHPHLSFM), corresponding to milk-derived peptides were studied. Although with different features, as revealed by RP-HPLC chromatography and MS analysis, the obtained peptides were shown to be taken up by Caco-2 cells arranged in an epithelial monolayer formation. The four peptides were all able to preserve cell viability against induced oxidative stress indicating that they might have a role in the control of oxidative stress. Therefore, an estimation of total thiols and glutathione content was performed after cell treatment with oxidants like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TbOOH). The peptides were able to prevent the decrease of both total thiols and glutathione induced by H2O2 or TbOOH, and, in addition, they showed a protective effect on the thiol-related antioxidant enzymes thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase. Finally, they caused a decrease of ROS production induced by TbOOH in Caco-2 cells. The reported results highlight the relevant antioxidant role played by bioactive peptides in cells, which adds to other previously known properties.