The participation of the muscarinic receptors in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic areas in the regulation of ovulation depends on the ovary.

BACKGROUND: Muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) of the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus areas (POA-AHA) regulate ovulation in an asymmetric manner during the estrous cycle. The aims of the present study were to analyze the effects of a temporal blockade of mAChRs on either side of the POA-AHA performed in diestrus-2 rats on ovulation, the levels of estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and the mechanisms involved in changes in ovulation. METHODS: Cyclic rats on diestrus-2 day were anesthetized and randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) microinjection of 1 µl of saline or atropine solution (62.5 ng) in the left or right POA-AHA; 2) removal (unilateral ovariectomty, ULO) of the left (L-ULO) or right (R-ULO) ovary, and 3) rats microinjected with atropine into the left or right POA-AHA plus L-ULO or R-ULO. The ovulation rate and the number of ova shed were measured during the predicted estrus, as well as the levels of estradiol, FSH and LH during the predicted proestrus and the effects of injecting synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) or estradiol benzoate (EB). RESULTS: Atropine in the left POA-AHA decreased both the ovulation rate and estradiol and LH levels on the afternoon of proestrus, also LHRH or EB injection restored ovulation. L- or R-ULO resulted in a lower ovulation rate and smaller number of ova shed, and only injection of LHRH restored ovulation. EB injection at diestrus-2 restored ovulation in animals with L-ULO only. The levels of estradiol, FSH and LH in rats with L-ULO were higher than in animals with unilateral laparotomy. In the group microinjected with atropine in the left POA-AHA, ovulation was similar to that in ULO rats. In contrast, atropine in the right POA-AHA of ULO rats blocked ovulation, an action that was restored by either LHRH or EB injection. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that the removal of a single ovary at noon on diestrus-2 day perturbed the neuronal pathways regulating LH secretion, which was mediated by the muscarinic system connecting the right POA-AHA and the ovaries.

Stress transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and B-type natriuretic peptide role.

This report describes a transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with right-ventricle outlet tract obstruction (RVOTO) induced by perinatal stress due to a major surgical procedure in a female newborn with congenital abnormalities. On day 10, she presented with heart failure, abnormal B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and an echocardiogram showing normal wall thickness. An in-hospital follow-up echocardiogram showed biventricular hypertrophy and RVOTO. At discharge, the infant was asymptomatic, with a normal echocardiogram and BNP. Transient RVOTO triggered by surgical stress and abnormal BNP have not been reported previously. Pathophysiology, the role of BNP, and clinical characteristics are discussed.

Uso de facebook y su relación con el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios mexicanos / Use of facebook and its relationship with alcohol consumption in young mexican university students / Uso do facebook e sua relação com consumo de álcool en jóvenes universitários mexicanos

Objetivo: identificar la relación entre uso de Facebook e involucramiento de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Método: estudio transversal, descriptivo correlacional. Población de 949 jóvenes universitarios mexicanos. Muestreo probabilístico, muestra de 204 sujetos, ambos sexos, de 18 a 26 años. Con cuestionario de identificación de desórdenes por uso de alcohol (AUDIT) y el cuestionario de uso de facebook (CUF). Resultados: prevaleció el sexo femenino (66.2%). Las mujeres consumieron más alcohol que los hombres alguna vez en la vida (88.9% vs 82.6%), en el último año (80% vs 66.7%) y en la última semana (42.2% vs 30.4%); los hombres consumieron más alcohol que las mujeres en el último mes (60.9% vs 58.5%). Las mujeres presentaron mayor uso de Facebook en el último mes ( = 28.2). Identificándose relación positiva entre las horas de uso de Facebook al día (rs = .196, p = .009), días de uso a la semana (rs = .327, p= .001), días de uso al mes (rs = .336, p = .001) y consumo de alcohol. Conclusión: de acuerdo a resultados a mayor uso de Facebook, mayor consumo de alcohol, pudiéndose convertir en una problemática de salud y de interés para el personal de enfermería para su prevención.

Objective: examine the relationship between the use of Facebook and alcohol consumption among university students. Method: a cross-sectional study with descriptive correlational design was utilized. The population consisted of university students from a Mexican university (N = 949). A random sample of 204 subjects (both gender, from 18 to 26 years of age) was selected. Instruments: the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Facebook Use Questionnaire (CUF). Results: yielded that females prevailed with 66.2%; Also more women reported alcohol use once in life (88.9% vs 82.6%), in the last year (80% vs 66.7%) and in the last week (42.2% vs 30.4%) versus their male counterpart. However, it was shown that men consumed more alcohol than women in the last month (60.9% vs. 58.5%). Additionally, women showed greater use of Facebook in the last month ( = 28.2.) Through statistical analysis a relationship between the use of Facebook (hours per day; rs= .196, p= .009), days used per week (rs= .327, p= .001), use days per month (rs= .336, p= .001) and alcohol consumption was analyzed and identified. Conclusion: greater use of Facebook, greater alcohol consumption; becoming a health problem and a matter of interest for the nursing staff.

Objetivo: Identificar a relação entre uso de Facebook e envolvente de álcool em jovens universitários. Método: estudio transversal, descritivo correlacional. População de 949 jovens universitarios mexicanos. Amostra probabilística, com 204 sujeitos, ambos sexos, de 18 a 26 anos. Utilizou-se o teste de identificação de distúrbio de uso do álcool (AUDIT) e questionário de uso de facebook (CUF). Resultados: prevaleceu o sexo feminino (66,2%). As mulheres consumaram mais álcool que os homens algunas vez na vida (88,9% vs 82,6%), no último ano (80% vs 66,7%) e na última semana (42,2% vs 30,4%); Os homens consumiram mais álcool que as mulheres no último mes (60,9% vs 58,5%). As mulheres apresentaram maior uso de facebook no último mes ( = 28.2). Identificou-se relação positiva entre as horas de uso do Facebook ao dia (Rs = .196, p = .009), dias de uso na semana (rs = .327, p = .001), dias de uso ao mes (rs = .336, p = .001) e consumo de álcool. Conclusão: De acordo com os resultados, o maior uso de Facebook tem evidência com maior consumo de álcool, podendo levar a uma problemática de saúde e de interesse para prevenção através dos profissionais enfermagem.