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OBJECTIVE: Several studies have investigated the correlation between the effects of different surgical treatments and laboratory exams for schistosomal portal hypertension, especially concerning portal system thrombosis. The etiopathogenic factors of this thrombosis are not fully understood. In this study, the correlation between surgical treatment for schistosomal portal hypertension and the occurrence of postoperative portal system thrombosis was investigated. METHODS: A total of 61 patients who underwent surgical treatment for schistosomal portal hypertension were distributed into four groups: Patients in Group 1 (n=12) underwent portal variceal disconnection associated with splenic artery ligation and spleen preservation. Patients in Group 2 (n=20) underwent portal variceal disconnection and total splenectomy. Patients in Group 3 (n=20) underwent portal variceal disconnection with subtotal splenectomy, preserving the upper splenic pole supplied by the splenogastric vessels. Patients in Group 4 (n=9) underwent portal variceal disconnection with total splenectomy and autogenous splenic implants on the greater omentum. Late postoperative portal vein thrombosis was diagnosed using Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS: Over the 10-year follow-up, portal vein thrombosis occurred in 26 operated patients (42.6%), with no significant difference observed among the four surgical groups (p=0.217). Most of the thrombi only partially occluded the portal system veins. All the patients presented with a thrombus inside the portal vein. There was no difference in hematological and biochemical tests between groups with or without portal vein thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Portal vein thrombosis is often observed in the late postoperative period, irrespective of the surgical treatment employed, and is not associated with patient characteristics or any hematological and biochemical tests.
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Hipertensión Portal , Vena Porta , Esplenectomía , Trombosis de la Vena , Humanos , Hipertensión Portal/cirugía , Hipertensión Portal/etiología , Femenino , Masculino , Esplenectomía/efectos adversos , Esplenectomía/métodos , Vena Porta/cirugía , Vena Porta/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trombosis de la Vena/etiología , Trombosis de la Vena/cirugía , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico por imagen , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto Joven , Esquistosomiasis/cirugía , Esquistosomiasis/complicaciones , Estudios de Seguimiento , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Ligadura/métodos , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/cirugía , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/etiología , Adolescente , Ultrasonografía DopplerRESUMEN
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Several studies have investigated the correlation between the effects of different surgical treatments and laboratory exams for schistosomal portal hypertension, especially concerning portal system thrombosis. The etiopathogenic factors of this thrombosis are not fully understood. In this study, the correlation between surgical treatment for schistosomal portal hypertension and the occurrence of postoperative portal system thrombosis was investigated. METHODS: A total of 61 patients who underwent surgical treatment for schistosomal portal hypertension were distributed into four groups: Patients in Group 1 (n=12) underwent portal variceal disconnection associated with splenic artery ligation and spleen preservation. Patients in Group 2 (n=20) underwent portal variceal disconnection and total splenectomy. Patients in Group 3 (n=20) underwent portal variceal disconnection with subtotal splenectomy, preserving the upper splenic pole supplied by the splenogastric vessels. Patients in Group 4 (n=9) underwent portal variceal disconnection with total splenectomy and autogenous splenic implants on the greater omentum. Late postoperative portal vein thrombosis was diagnosed using Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS: Over the 10-year follow-up, portal vein thrombosis occurred in 26 operated patients (42.6%), with no significant difference observed among the four surgical groups (p=0.217). Most of the thrombi only partially occluded the portal system veins. All the patients presented with a thrombus inside the portal vein. There was no difference in hematological and biochemical tests between groups with or without portal vein thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Portal vein thrombosis is often observed in the late postoperative period, irrespective of the surgical treatment employed, and is not associated with patient characteristics or any hematological and biochemical tests.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Brazil is facing increasing cycles of numbers of infected people and deaths resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This situation involves a series of factors, including the behavior of the population, that can be decisive for controlling the disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the Brazilian population regarding COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey-type study, conducted using a population sample from different Brazilian states. METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive and analytical approach was used. Sampling was done according to convenience and via snowballing. The data collection instrument was a knowledge, attitudes and practices system. RESULTS: 1,655 people from all over Brazil participated in the survey; 80% were living in the southern region and 70.15% were female. More than 90% had knowledge and good attitudes relating to the means of transmission, preventive care and symptoms associated with COVID-19, although their knowledge and attitudes were not fully reflected in daily practices, for which there was lower adherence (80%). Greater knowledge was correlated with older participants, larger number of children, female sex and marital status; better attitude, with female sex and complete higher education; and better practices, with greater age, larger number of children and female sex. CONCLUSION: A large part of the population has general knowledge about COVID-19, but not all knowledge was applied in practice. Older people, females and university graduates stood out as the best informed and most committed to controlling the disease.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Anciano , COVID-19 , Brasil/epidemiología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Resumo A pandemia da "novel coronavirus disease" 2019 (COVID-19), infecção causada pelo coronavírus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), tem descortinado uma realidade até então oculta: a vulnerabilidade da população residente em instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI). Diversas publicações científicas têm revelado a concentração de até 60% dos óbitos atribuídos à COVID-19 em tais instituições. A maioria dos residentes em ILPI reúnem os principais fatores de risco para morbimortalidade pela COVID-19, o que torna imprescindível a definição de ações voltadas à prevenção da transmissibilidade do SARS-CoV-2 neste ambiente, além das medidas usuais de distanciamento social e isolamento dos portadores da doença. Propõem-se, no presente artigo, estratégias de rastreamento da infecção em residentes e trabalhadores de ILPI por meio de testes laboratoriais disponíveis no Brasil. A identificação precoce de indivíduos portadores do SARS-CoV-2 com possibilidades de transmissão ativa e continuada do vírus permite a adoção de medidas que interrompam o ciclo de transmissão local da infecção.
Abstract An infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has unveiled a hitherto hidden reality: the vulnerability of the population living in long-term care facilities for the elderly (LTCF). To date, several scientific publications have revealed a concentration of up to 60% of deaths attributed to COVID-19 in such institutions. Most LTFC residents share the primary risk factors currently associated with increased morbimortality due to the COVID-19 infection. It is crucial to define actions to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread in this environment, besides the usual measures of social distancing and isolation of the carriers of this disease. This paper proposes strategies for the investigation of this infection in LTCF residents and workers using laboratory tests available in Brazil. The early identification of individuals with SARS-CoV-2, who may actively and continuously spread the virus, allows adopting measures aimed at interrupting the local transmission cycle of this infection.
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Humanos , Anciano , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico , Hogares para Ancianos/estadística & datos numéricos , Neumonía Viral/mortalidad , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Personal de Salud , Cuidados a Largo Plazo , Infecciones por Coronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/mortalidad , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Poblaciones Vulnerables , Pandemias/prevención & control , Betacoronavirus , Betacoronavirus/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Abstract BACKGROUND: Tacrolimus, for its activity on modulation of collagen production and fibroblast activity, may have a role in the prevention of hypertrophic scars. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate macroscopic, microscopic, metabolic, laboratory effects and side effects of the use of topical tacrolimus ointment, in different concentrations, in the prevention of hypertrophic scars. METHODS: Twenty-two rabbits were submitted to the excision of 2 fragments of 1 cm of each ear, 4 cm apart, down to cartilage. The left ear of the animals was standardized as control and Vaseline applied twice a day. The right ear received tacrolimus ointment, at concentrations of 0.1% on the upper wound and 0.03% on the lower wound, also applied twice a day. Macroscopic, microscopic, laboratory criteria and the animals' weight were evaluated after 30 days of the experiment. RESULTS: Wounds treated with tacrolimus, at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.03%, when compared to control, showed a lower average degree of thickening (p = 0.048 and p <0.001, respectively). The average of scar thickness and lymphocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil concentrations are lower in the treated wounds compared to the control (p <0.001, p=0.022, p=0.007, p=0.044, respectively). The mean concentration of lymphocytes is lower in wounds treated with a higher concentration of the drug (p=0.01). STUDY LIMITATIONS: experiment lasted only 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Tacrolimus at the 2 concentrations evaluated reduced the severity of inflammatory changes and positively altered the macroscopic aspect of the scar in the short term. Its use was shown to be safe, with no evidence of systemic or local adverse effects.
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Animales , Masculino , Conejos , Tacrolimus/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de la Calcineurina/uso terapéutico , Pomadas , Urea/sangre , Albúmina Sérica/análisis , Albúmina Sérica/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Tópica , Tacrolimus/administración & dosificación , Tacrolimus/farmacología , Cicatriz Hipertrófica/patología , Cicatriz Hipertrófica/prevención & control , Recuento de Linfocitos , Creatinina/sangre , Alanina Transaminasa/efectos de los fármacos , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Oído Externo/patología , Eritema/patología , Inhibidores de la Calcineurina/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Calcineurina/farmacología , Inflamación/patología , Inflamación/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate a possible relationship between the size of the spleen and values of circulating blood elements in patients with schistosomatic splenomegaly. Methods: ixty one patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni underwent a clinical exam and peripheral venous blood was collected for a hemogram. The erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte, and platelet values were determined. All patients underwent abdominal ultrasound to measure the spleen. The hematological test results were compared to the size of the spleen. Results: The size of the spleen varied from 14.0 to 28.4 (19.9 ± 3.7) cm according to the ultrasound image. Thrombocytopenia was observed 58 (95%) patients, leukopenia in 55 (90%) patients, and anemia in 32 (52.4%) patients. Leukopenia was proportional to splenomegaly. Conclusion: Schistosomal splenomegaly leads to leukopenia in direct proportion to the size of the spleen.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Bazo/patología , Esplenomegalia/patología , Esplenomegalia/sangre , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/patología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/sangre , Tamaño de los Órganos , Valores de Referencia , Bazo/parasitología , Esplenomegalia/parasitología , Trombocitopenia/parasitología , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Índice de Masa Corporal , Leucopenia/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of chronic consumption of green tea on body weight and distribution of visceral fat by Computed tomography in female Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into control group (n = 5), which received water and feed ad libitum, and green tea group (n = 8), in which water has been replaced by green tea. The animals were weighed weekly and Computed Tomography was used at the beginning (1st week) and end (18th week) of the experiment for evaluating the distribution of visceral fat. The animals were followed for 18 weeks. Results: There was no significant difference in body weight between the groups. However, there was significant difference in visceral fat area. The green tea group had less visceral fat area at the end of the experiment, 3.67 ± 1.2 cm2, while the control group showed an area of 6.25 ± 2.2 cm (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Chronic consumption of green tea leads to decreased visceral adipose tissue area.
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Animales , Femenino , Té , Peso Corporal , Grasa Intraabdominal/anatomía & histología , Distribución de la Grasa Corporal , Distribución Aleatoria , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión , Ratas Wistar , Modelos Animales , Grasa Intraabdominal/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the use of platelet-rich plasma in the early stages of healing of traumatic injury of the medial collateral ligament in the knee of rabbits. Methods: Thirty rabbits were subjected to surgical lesion of the medial collateral ligament. Of these, 16 were treated with platelet-rich plasma and 14 with saline (control). After 3 and 6 weeks of treatment, 50% of the animals from each group were sacrificed, and biomechanical tests were performed on the injured ligament to compare the tensile strength between the two groups. Results: Platelet-rich plasma significantly increased the tensile strength of the ligament in the groups treated after3 and 6 weeks. In the group treated with platelet-rich plasma vs. saline, the tensile strength values were 3192.5 ± 189.7 g/f vs. 2851.1 ± 193.1 g/f at3 weeks (p = 0.005) and 5915.6 ± 832.0 g/f vs. 4187.6 ± 512.9 g/f at 6 weeks (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The use of platelet-rich plasma at the injury site accelerated ligament healing in an animal model, demonstrated by an increase in the tensile strength of the medial collateral ligament.
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Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Ligamento Colateral Medial de la Rodilla/lesiones , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas , Rotura/tratamiento farmacológico , Factores de Tiempo , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a DrogaRESUMEN
Summary Introduction: The prevalence of nosocomial fungemia has increased worldwide, and mortality caused by this disease is high. Objective: To assess progress in the last decade, and the prevalence and profile of fungal agents isolated in blood cultures performed in a tertiary university hospital. Method: All the results of blood cultures processed at Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG), in the time intervals 2001-2003 and 2011-2013 were analyzed retrospectively. For each three-year period, the number of collected blood cultures, the overall positivity rate and the percentage of fungemia were recorded. In addition, all identified fungal species were cataloged. All blood samples were incubated in the BacT/ALERT® (bioMérieux) automation system. Results: In 2001-2003, 34,822 samples were evaluated, with 5,510 (15.8%) positive results. In 2011-2013, the number of blood cultures processed increased to 55,052 samples, with 4,873 (8.9%) positive results. There was an increase in the number of positive cultures for fungi in the analyzed period (2001-2003: 4.16%; 2011-2013: 5.95%; p<0.001). Among the agents, candidemias were predominant, especially those caused by non-albicans Candida species (2001-2003: 57.64%; 2011-2013: 65.17%; p<0.05). There was also an increase in fungemia caused by other genera (2001-2003: 2.62%; 2011-2013: 4.48%; p<0.01). Conclusion: There was an increase in the prevalence of fungemia in the last decade at HC-UFMG. Although candidemias have been responsible for most of the cases, there has been an increase in fungemias caused by other species.
Resumo Introdução: a prevalência de fungemia hospitalar tem aumentado em todo o mundo e a mortalidade por essa afecção é elevada. Objetivo: avaliar a evolução, na última década, da prevalência e do perfil dos agentes fúngicos isolados em hemoculturas realizadas em um hospital universitário terciário. Método: foram analisados retrospectivamente todos os resultados de hemocultura processados no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG), entre os períodos de 2001-2003 e de 2011-2013. Para cada triênio foram registrados o número de hemoculturas coletadas, o percentual de positividade geral e o percentual de fungemia. Também foram catalogadas todas as espécies fúngicas identificadas. Todas as amostras sanguíneas foram incubadas no sistema de automação BacT/ALERT® (bioMérieux). Resultados: entre 2001-2003, foram avaliadas 34.822 amostras, sendo 5.510 (15,8%) positivas. Entre 2011-2013, o número de hemoculturas processadas aumentou para 55.052 amostras, sendo 4.873 (8,9%) positivas. Observou-se um aumento do número de culturas positivas para fungos no período analisado (2001-2003: 4,16%; 2011-2013: 5,95%; p<0,001). Dentre os agentes, as candidemias foram predominantes, principalmente por espécies de Candida não albicans (2001-2003: 57,64%; 2011-2013: 65,17%; p<0,05). Houve também aumento da fungemia por outros gêneros (2001-2003: 2,62%; 2011-2013: 4,48%; p<0,01). Conclusão: houve aumento da prevalência de fungemia na última década no HC-UFMG. Embora as candidemias tenham sido responsáveis pela maioria dos casos, houve aumento de fungemias causadas por outras espécies.
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Humanos , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Fungemia/epidemiología , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Candida/clasificación , Candidiasis/microbiología , Candidiasis/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Fungemia/microbiología , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Hospitales UniversitariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To verify the effectiveness of the rubber elastic band in the treatment of large wounds of the body wall of rabbits by means of traction of its edges. METHODS: we studied 30 New Zealand rabbits, divided into three groups (n=10): Group 1- healing by secondary intention; Group 2- removal and eutopic repositioning of skin as full thickness skin graft; Group 3- Approximation of wound edges with elastic rubber band. In all animals, we removed a segment of the back skin and subcutaneous tissue down to the fascia, in accordance with an acrylic mold of 8cm long by 12cm wide. All animals were observed for 21 days. RESULTS: two animals of groups 1 and 2 had wound abscess. In Group 2, there was partial or total graft loss in 90% of animals. The complete closure of the wounds was observed in four animals of Group 1, six of Group 2 and eight of Group 3. There was no difference between the scar resistance values of groups 2 and 3, which were higher than those in Group 1. The scars of the three groups were characterized by the presence of mature connective tissue mixed with blood vessels and inflammatory infiltration, predominantly polymorphonuclear. CONCLUSION: the tensile strength of the wound edges with rubber elastic band is as efficient as the skin graft to treat rabbits' large body wounds.
OBJETIVOS: Verificar a eficácia da fita elástica de borracha no tratamento de grandes feridas de parede corpórea de coelhos por meio da tração de suas bordas. MÉTODOS: foram estudados 30 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, distribuídos em três grupos (n=10): Grupo 1. Cicatrização por segunda intenção. Grupo 2. Retirada e reposicionamento eutópico da pele como enxerto de pele total. Grupo 3. Aproximação das bordas da ferida com fita elástica de borracha. Em todos os animais, foi retirado segmento de pele e tecido subcutâneo até a fáscia musculoaponeurótica do dorso, de acordo com um molde de acrílico, com 12cm de comprimento por 8cm de largura. Todos os animais foram acompanhados durante 21 dias. RESULTADOS: dois animais dos grupos 1 e 2 apresentaram abscesso na ferida. No Grupo 2, houve perda parcial ou total do enxerto em 90% dos animais. O fechamento completo das feridas foi observado em quatro animais do Grupo 1, seis do Grupo 2 e oito do Grupo 3. Não houve diferença entre os valores de resistência cicatricial dos grupos 2 e 3, que foram maiores do que os do Grupo 1. As cicatrizes dos três grupos caracterizaram-se pela presença de tecido conjuntivo maduro entremeado por vasos sanguíneos e infiltrado inflamatório, predominantemente polimorfonuclear. CONCLUSÃO: a tração das bordas da ferida com fita elástica de borracha constitui método tão eficaz quanto o enxerto de pele para tratar grandes feridas de parede corpórea de coelhos.
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Humanos , Técnicas de Cierre de Herida Abdominal , Tejido Conectivo , Elastómeros , Trasplante de Piel , Dehiscencia de la Herida Operatoria , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess pregnancy of rabbits submitted to bilateral ovariectomy and orthotopic allogeneic or autologous intact and sliced ovarian transplantation without a vascular pedicle and to determine the morphofunctional aspects of the transplanted ovaries. METHODS: Fifty-six female rabbits were studied. The ovaries were removed and orthotopically transplanted or replaced without vascular anastomoses: Group 1 (n=8), only laparotomy and laparorrhaphy, Group 2A (n=8) intact ovaries were transplanted on both sides, Group 2B (n=8) both ovaries were sliced and orthotopically transplanted, Group 2C (n=8), an intact ovary was transplanted on one side and a sliced ovary on the other side. In Group 3 the ovaries were reimplanted according to the procedure and subgroups described for Group 2. Three months later, the animals were paired with males for copulation. Estradiol, progesterone, FSH and LH hormone levels were assessed. A histologic study was carried out, and the number of pregnancies and litters were also determined. Chi-square test compared the number of pregnancies and litters. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer tests compared the hormonal dosages. RESULTS: Pregnancies occurred in seven (87.5%) rabbits of Group 1, in three rabbits (37.5%) of Groups 2A and 3A, in four rabbits (50%) of groups 2B, 3B and 3C, and in five (62.5%) of group 2C. Normal hormone serum levels and histology confirmed the vitality of all ovaries. CONCLUSION: Orthotopic allogeneic and autologous ovarian transplantation without a vascular pedicle is viable in rabbits, and preserves their hormonal levels and fertile functions.
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Animales , Femenino , Embarazo , Conejos , Ovariectomía , Ovario/trasplante , Preñez , Estradiol/sangre , Fertilidad , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Ovario/anatomía & histología , Progesterona/sangre , Trasplante Autólogo , Trasplante Homólogo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare the resistance of skin wound healing of mice submitted to local or systemic hydrocortisone administration, in different postoperative periods. METHODS: An incision and suture was performed on the thoracic skin of 130 male mice: Group 1 (n = 10) resistance of the integer skin; Group 2 (n = 30) submitted only to skin incision and suture; Group 3 (n = 30) skin incision and suture followed by administration of saline fluid; Group 4 (n = 30) skin incision and suture followed by administration of local hydrocortisone; Group 5 (n = 30) skin incision and suture followed by administration of systemic hydrocortisone. The resistance of the wound healing and the weight of the animals were studied on the seventh, 14th and 21st postoperative days. Histological examination was also performed. RESULTS: The mice that received corticoid (groups 4 and 5) presented significant decreasing on their weight (p = 0.02). The Groups 3, 4 and 5 showed lower scar resistance than Group 2 on the seventh postoperative day (p < 0.05). On the 14th and 21st days, there was no difference on the skin would healing resistance (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Administration of hydrocortisone in mice is responsible for weight decreasing and reduction of the skin wound healing resistance during the first postoperative week.
OBJETIVO: Comparar a resistência cicatricial cutânea de camundongos submetidos a administração de hidrocortisona por diferentes vias e em distintos períodos pós-operatórios. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 130 camundongos machos submetidos à incisão e sutura de pele da região dorsal do tórax: Grupo 1 (n = 10) resistência da pele íntegra; Grupo 2 (n = 30) incisão da pele e sutura, sem administração de corticóide; Grupo 3 (n = 30) incisão da pele e sutura, seguidas de injeção local de solução salina; Grupo 4 (n = 30) incisão da pele e sutura, seguidas de injeção local de hidrocortisona e Grupo 5 (n = 30) incisão da pele e sutura, seguidas de injeção intraperitoneal de hidrocortisona. Foram avaliadas a resistência cicatricial da pele e a variação ponderal no sétimo, 14º e 21º dias pós-operatórios, bem como sua histologia. RESULTADOS: Os camundongos que receberam hidrocortisona tiveram decréscimo ponderal (p = 0,02). Quanto à resistência cicatricial da pele, os Grupos 3, 4 e 5 apresentaram valor inferior ao Grupo 2, no sétimo dia pós-operatório (p = 0,031). No 14º e 21º dias, não houve diferença entre as tensões cicatriciais. CONCLUSÃO: A administração de hidrocortisona provoca redução ponderal em camundongos e a resistência cicatricial cutânea é menor na primeira semana pós-operatória.
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Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Hidrocortisona/administración & dosificación , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Tiempo , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess the influence of spleen surgeries (splenectomy, presence of spleen and after conservative surgeries) on lipids metabolism. METHODS: Fifty female Wistar rats of similar weight and age were divided into five groups submitted to the following procedures: Group 1 - control, with an intact spleen; Group 2 - sham operation, Group 3 - total splenectomy; Group 4 - subtotal splenectomy, and Group 5 - total splenectomy complemented with autogenous spleen tissue implants. Four months after the interventions, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions (VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) were determined. The results for the four groups were compared by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey-Kramer test, with the level of significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups 1, 2, 4 and 5. In the animals submitted to total splenectomy, total cholesterol (p=0.0151) and LDL-cholesterol fraction concentrations (p<0.0001) were higher, whereas HDL-cholesterol fraction concentrations were lower (p=0.0026) than those detected in the other groups. There was no difference in triglycerides (p=0.1571) or VLDL-cholesterol (p=0.2527) between groups. CONCLUSION: Splenectomy is related to changes in the lipid metabolism that are reverted by autogenous spleen tissue implants.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência das cirurgias esplênicas (esplenectomia, presença do baço e cirurgias conservadoras) sobre o metabolismo de lipídios. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 50 ratos fêmea Wistar de peso e idades semelhantes distribuídas em quatro grupos: Grupo 1 - controle, com baço íntegro; Grupo 2 - laparotomia e laparorrafia, Grupo 3 - esplenectomia total; Grupo 4 - esplenectomia subtotal e Grupo 5 - esplenectomia total complementada por implantes de tecido esplênico autógeno. Após quatro meses, foram dosados os níveis séricos de triglicérides, colesterol total e suas frações VLDL, LDL, HDL. Os resultados dos quatro grupos foram comparados entre si pela análise de variância, seguido pelo teste de Tukey-Kramer, com significância para p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre os grupos 1, 2, 3 e 4. Nos animais submetidos à esplenectomia total, as concentrações de colesterol total (p=0,0151) e de sua fração LDL (p<0,0001) foram maiores, enquanto a fração HDL foi menor (p=0,0026) do que as encontradas nos demais grupos. Não houve diferença entre os grupos com relação aos triglicérides (p=0,1571) e VLDL (p=0,2527). CONCLUSÃO: A esplenectomia leva a alterações do metabolismo lipídico que são revertidas pelo implante de tecido esplênico autógeno.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Bazo/cirugía , Esplenectomía/métodos , Peso Corporal , Colesterol/sangre , Ratas Wistar , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Tiempo , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da icterícia colestática na variação ponderal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 64 ratos adultos, distribuídos em seis grupos: F1 (n=6) - fêmeas normais, F2 (n=6) - fêmeas laparotomizadas, F3 (n=20) - fêmeas ictéricas, M1 (n=6) - machos normais, M2 (n=6) - machos laparotomizados, M3 (n=20) - machos ictéricos. A icterícia foi obtida com ligadura e secção do ducto biliopancreático. Os pesos dos animais foram registrados semanalmente, durante sete semanas. No 14º dia de experimento, dosaram-se as bilirrubinas séricas e os hormônios gonadais. Após a sétima semana, realizou-se estudo histológico do fígado. RESULTADOS: Os animais dos grupos F3 e M3 apresentaram bilirrubinas elevadas e diminuição da massa corpórea, quando comparados com os demais grupos. As diferenças ponderais foram significativas a partir da quarta semana entre as fêmeas e da quinta semana entre os machos. Nos animais ictéricos houve aumento do estradiol e diminuição da progesterona e da testosterona total. Septos de fibroses perivenular e periportal, colangite e hiperplasia de ductos biliares ocorreram no fígado dos animais ictéricos. Nenhum animal apresentou cirrose. CONCLUSÃO: Ocorreu redução do peso corpóreo murino em presença de icterícia colestática em ambos os sexos.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of cholestatic jaundice in weight variation. METHODS: We used 64 adult rats divided into six groups: F1 (n = 6): normal females; F2 (n = 6): laparotomy females; F3 (n = 20): jaundiced females; M1 (n = 6): normal males; M2 (n = 6): laparotomy males; M3 (n = 20): jaundiced males. Jaundice was obtained by ligation and section of the biliopancreatic duct. The animal weights were recorded weekly for seven weeks. On the 14th day of the experiment, bilirubin and gonadal hormones were assessed. After the seventh week a histological study of the liver was performed. RESULTS: The animals in groups F3 and M3 showed elevated bilirubin and decreased body mass when compared to the other groups. The weight differences were significant from the fourth week on amongst females and from the fifth in males. In Jaundiced animals there was increased estradiol and decreased progesterone and testosterone. Perivenular septa and periportal fibrosis, cholangitis and bile duct hyperplasia occurred in the liver of jaundiced rats. No animal showed cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: There was decrease in murine body weight in the presence of cholestatic jaundice in both genders.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Ratas , Peso Corporal , Ictericia Obstructiva/fisiopatología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar se o Super Bonder" apresenta algum risco de veiculação de microorganismos em humanos e se possui alguma atividade bactericida ou bacteriostática para cocos gram-positivo. Foi testada a esterilidade de dez tubas do adesivo nos meios de cultivo BHI, agar sangue, agar Sabouraud com cloranfenicol e Mycosel. A provável ação bactericida ou bacteriostática do adesivo Super Bonder"', in vitro, foi verificada utilizando cepas de Staphylococcus aureus e staphylococcus epidermidir, semeadas em meio de cultura agar sangue e agar Mueller-Hinton. Nao foi observado crescimento de microrganismos nos meios de cultura contendo somente gotas de Super Bonder"'. No agar sangue, observou-se ausência de beta-hemólise e de crescimento bacteriano nas áreas de sobreposição do adesivo. Em agarMueller-Hinton, houve rarefação de colônias ao redor das gotas do cianoacrilato.Os dados deste trabalho mostram que a cola de cianoacrilato Super Bonder"' parece ser livre de contaminação por microrganismos e apresenta possfvel atividade bacteriostatica in vitro.
The purposes of the present study were to verify the human's risk of the Super Bondet microorganisms' diffusion and the probably biocide or bacteriostatic adhesive's activity for gram-positive cocci. The sterility of ten tubes of the adhesive was tested in BHI culture tube and blood-agar, agar-Sabouraud with cloranfenicol and Mycosel culture plates. The biocide or bacteriostatic activity of the Super Bondet adhesive, in vitro, was verified using cultures of Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis,seeded on blood-agar and agar-Mueller-Hinton culture plates. No microorganisms' growth was observed in the culture plates containing only drops of the Super Bondet. In agar-Mueller-Hinton, zones with reduced number of colonies were noticed around the cyanoacrylate's drops. In blood-agar, absence of haemolysis-beta and bacterial growth were observed in the covered areas of the adhesive. According to the results of this investigation, the Super Bondet cyanoacrylate is free of microorganisms' diffusion and probably inhibits in vitro the bacterial growth.
Asunto(s)
Actividad Bactericida de la Sangre , Cloranfenicol , Contaminación Ambiental , Cianoacrilatos , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidisRESUMEN
Objetivo: Avaliar a fertilização bem como aspectos endócrinos e histológicos do ovário após seu reimplante ou transplante ortotópico, sem anastomose vascular. Métodos: Foram utilizadas 56 coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia, variedade branca, e Califórnia distribuídas em: Grupo 1 (n = 8), controle, apenas laparotomia e laparorrafia; Grupo 2A (n = 8), com reimplante ortotópico de ovários íntegros; Grupo 2B (n = 8) com reimplante ortotópico de ovários fatiados; Grupo 2C (n = 8), com reimplantes ovarianos de um lado íntegro, e,do outro lado, fatiado; Grupo 3A (n = 8), com transplante ortotópico de ovários íntegros; Grupo 3B (n = 8), com transplante ortotópico de ovários fatiados; Grupo 3C (n = 8), com transplantes ovarianos de um lado íntegro e, do outro lado, fatiado. A partir do terceiro mês pós-operatório, cada coelha foi colocada para cópula. Dosaram-se o estradiol, a progesterona, o FSH e o LH no nono mês pós-operatório. Estudaram-se as morfologias macro e microscópicas dos ovários, tubas e útero de todos os animais. Os números de gestações e de filhotes foram avaliados por meio do teste do X2 e as dosagens hormonais foram comparadas pelo one-way ANOVA, seguido pelo teste de Tukey-Kramer. O nível de significância adotado foi de p < 0,05. Resultados: No Grupo 1, sete (87,5%) coelhas engravidaram entre o segundo e terceiro meses após início da cópula. No Grupo 2, as gestações ocorreram entre o quinto e o oitavo meses pós-operatório se, no Grupo 3, entre o quarto e o oitavo meses pós-operatórios. A porcentagem de gravidez observada foi de 37,5% no Grupo 2A, 50% no Grupo 2B e 2C, 37,5% no Grupo 3A, 50% no Grupo 3B e 62,5% no Grupo 3C. Os níveis hormonais e o estudo morfofuncional dos ovários, tubas e úteros não apresentaram alterações. Conclusões: O reimplante ou transplante ovariano homógeno ortotópico sem pedículo vascular é eficaz para a manutenção de níveis normais de hormônios ovarianos e permitiu a fertilização natural.
Asunto(s)
Ciclosporina/uso terapéutico , Fertilización , Ovario/anatomía & histología , Ovario/trasplanteRESUMEN
Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar aspectos morfológicos e endócrinos de transplantes ovarianos autógenos, fixados em posição ortópica, na forma íntegra e fatiada, sem pedículo vascular. Foram utilizados 42 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branca. No Grupo 1 (n=8) foi realizada apenas laparotomia e laparorrafia. No Grupo 2A (n=8), transplantou-se o ovário na forma íntegra, no Grupo 2B, transplantou-se o ovário na forma fatiada e no Grupo 2C (n=8), transplantou-se de um lado, o ovário íntegro e, do outro lado, fatiado. Não houve anastomose vascular. Dosou-se o estradiol, a progesterona, o hormônio folículo-estimulante e o hormônio luteinizante de cada animal no nono mês pós-operatório. Estudaram-se as morfologias macro e microscópia dos ovários, tubas e útero, de todos os animais. Foram utilizados os testes one-way ANOVA seguido pelo teste de Tukey-Kramer para comparar as dosagens hormonais, considerando p<0,05. Os ovários transplantados estavam rodeados por tecido conjuntivo, bem vascularizado, mostrando folículos em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento. A histologia tubária e uterina também foi preservada em ambos os grupos. A dosagem hormonal foi normal em todas as coelhas, indicando que o ovário transplantado estava funcionando do ponto de vista endócrino. Conclui-se que o transplante autógeno ortópico de ovários, na forma íntegra ou fatiada, sem preservação do pedículo vascular é variável e preserva as funções endócrinas.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Endocrinología , Hormonas , Ovario , Conejos , TrasplanteRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Foram estudadas comparativamente as laparotomias longitudinais paramediana e transversal avaliando-se a resistência cicatricial da parede abdominal e seu aspecto histológico, com peritônio suturado ou não. MÉTODO: 30 coelhos foram distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (n = 10) - laparotomia longitudinal, Subgrupo 1A (n = 5) sutura das bainhas anterior e posterior do músculo reto abdominal, bem como do peritônio, Subgrupo 1B (n = 5) sutura da bainha anterior do músculo reto abdominal. Grupo 2 (n = 20) - laparotomia transversa, Subgrupo 2A (n = 5) sutura das bainhas anterior e posterior do músculo reto abdominal, bem como do peritônio, Subgrupo 2B (n = 5) sutura apenas da bainha anterior do músculo reto abdominal, Subgrupo 2C (n = 5) sutura, em plano único, do músculo reto abdominal e de sua bainha anterior, Subgrupo 2D (n = 5) síntese, da bainha posterior do músculo reto abdominal junto com o peritônio e, em seguida, sutura do músculo reto abdominal, complementada por sutura da bainha anterior desse músculo. Após 17 dias, foram retirados dois segmentos peritonio-aponeurotico-musculares da cicatriz para avaliação da resistência e de seus aspectos histológicos. RESULTADOS: O valor da resistência para cada um dos grupos avaliados mostrou 1A > 1B, 1A > 2A e 1B > 2B, e 2B > 2C > 2D > 2A (p = 0,014). Deiscência, infecção e aderências foram mais freqüentes no Grupo 2. A histologia mostrou degeneração e necrose muscular, com sua substituição por tecido conjuntivo fibroso maduro cicatricial. CONCLUSÃO: Esses dados indicam que o corte muscular transversal provoca maior enfraquecimento muscular e que o peritônio deixado aberto não altera a resistência cicatricial.
BACKGROUND: The abdominal wall is a main topic of investigation in terms of its healing. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the healing of transverse and longitudinal laparotomies. METHODS: Thirty rabbits were distributed into two groups: Group 1 (n = 10) longitudinal laparotomy, Subgroup 1A (n = 5) suture of the anterior and posterior sheaths of the abdominal rectal muscle and peritoneum, Subgroup 1B (n = 5) suture of the anterior abdominal rectal muscle sheath. Group 2 (n = 20) transverse laparotomy, Subgroup 2A (n = 5) suture of the anterior and posterior sheaths of the rectal muscle and peritoneum, Subgroup 2B (n = 5) suture of only the anterior rectal muscle sheath, Subgroup 2C (n = 5) suture of the anterior rectal muscle sheath of the, Subgroup 2D (n = 5) suture of the anterior and posterior rectal muscle sheaths, including the peritoneum. After 17 days, two peritoneal-aponeurotic-muscle segments with the scar were removed in order to verify their resistance and histological aspects. RESULTS: The resistance values detected on each group showed 1A > 1B, 1A > 2A and 1B > 2B, and 2B > 2C > 2D > 2A (p = 0.014). Dehiscence, infections and adhesions were more frequent in Group 2. Histology revealed muscle degeneration and necrosis, with mature fibrous connective scar tissue replacing the muscle. CONCLUSION: Transverse muscle section provokes a greater muscle weakening; the peritoneum closure does not modify the scar resistance.
RESUMEN
RACIONAL: A anemia afeta mais de 90 por cento dos pacientes com câncer e mais de 60 por cento são submetidos a transfusões sangüíneas durante ou após o tratamento. OBJETIVO: Determinar a influência da transfusão sangüínea homógena como possível fator relacionado à infecção em paciente com neoplasia maligna do sistema digestório. MÉTODO: Avaliaram-se aleatoriamente prontuários de 400 pacientes com neoplasia maligna do sistema digestório, distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo 1 (n = 200) - pacientes transfundidos e grupo 2 (n = 200) - não-transfundidos. Comparou-se a incidência de infecções entre os dois grupos e suas possíveis interações com idade, sexo, tipo de neoplasia e a terapêutica instituída. RESULTADOS: Não houve relação significativa entre infecção e hemotransfusão sangüínea, idade, sexo, tratamento adotado e natureza do câncer. Não houve diferença na incidência de infecção nos pacientes não-transfundidos (28) em comparação com os hemotransfundidos (31). CONCLUSÃO: A hemotransfusão homógena não foi fator determinante para o surgimento de infecções em pacientes com neoplasias malignas do sistema digestório.
BACKGROUND: Anemia affects up to 90 percent of cancer patients, with more than 60 percent requiring blood transfusion during or after treatment. AIM: To determine the influence of the allogeneic blood transfusion as a possible related factor to infection in patients with malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal system. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Charts of 400 oncological patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 200) - patients submitted to allogeneic blood transfusion and group 2 (n = 200) - non transfused patients. Both groups were evaluated and compared according to the presence and type of infection and a possible association with age, sex, types of tumors and therapeutics approach. RESULTS: The relation between infection and blood transfusion, as well as age, sex, management and type of presented tumors were not significant. There was no difference in the incidence of infection between the non transfused patients (28) and those submitted to allogeneic blood transfusion (31). CONCLUSIONS: In the present investigation allogeneic blood transfusion was apparently not related to development of infection in patients with malignant gastrointestinal tumors.