RESUMEN
Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) has been involved in several calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion events; however, its participation in gamete interaction has not been fully investigated. Our results have demonstrated expression of E-cadherin mRNA in the human male reproductive tract showing higher levels in the caput, corpus and cauda epididymis than in the testis. The mature 122 kDa E-cadherin was detected in epididymal protein extracts and was localized in the epithelial cells from the three epididymal regions. Moreover, the 86 kDa E-cadherin ectodomain was found in cauda epididymal and seminal plasma. Western immunoblotting of human sperm protein extracts allowed the identification of four E-cadherin forms (122, 105, 97 and 86 kDa). The protein was localized in the acrosomal region of intact spermatozoa, remained associated with the head of acrosome-reacted cells and was also detected on the oocyte surface. A similar localization was determined for other proteins of the adhesion complex (beta-catenin and actin). Spermatozoa incubated with anti-E-cadherin antibodies showed impaired binding to homologous zona pellucida (ZP); in addition, presence of these antibodies inhibited the penetration of human spermatozoa to ZP-free hamster oocytes. The results presented here describe the expression of E-cadherin in the male reproductive tract and gametes and strongly suggest its involvement in adhesion events during human fertilization. The identification of proteins involved in gamete interaction will contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of fertilization and help in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
Asunto(s)
Cadherinas/metabolismo , Cadherinas/fisiología , Fertilización/fisiología , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Acrosoma/metabolismo , Animales , Western Blotting , Cadherinas/genética , Células Cultivadas , Cricetinae , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Epidídimo/metabolismo , Femenino , Fertilización/genética , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Oocitos/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Interacciones Espermatozoide-Óvulo/genética , Interacciones Espermatozoide-Óvulo/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The electrical activity of the posterior thalamic nuclear complex was studied in rats and related to the simultaneous hippocampal electro-oscillogram. Electrocorticographic tracings and spectral analysis showed that during attentive wakefulness the electro-oscillogram peaked at 8 Hz and in desynchronized sleep it oscillated at regular frequencies between 8 and 9 Hz. In quiet wakefulness, frequency was lower (around 6 Hz) and during synchronized sleep rhythmicity disappeared. The electrophysiological patterns during wakefulness and desynchronized sleep are proposed to be linked to the retrieval and combination of information for the generation of attention and dream content.
Asunto(s)
Hipocampo/fisiología , Sueño/fisiología , Núcleos Talámicos/fisiología , Vigilia/fisiología , Animales , Electrofisiología/métodos , Femenino , Masculino , Oscilometría , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
The electrical activity of the posterior thalamic nuclear complex was studied in rats and related to the simultaneous hippocampal electro-oscillogram. Electrocorticographic tracings and spectral analysis showed that during attentive wakefulness the electro-oscillogram peaked at 8 Hz and in desynchronized sleep it oscillated at regular frequencies between 8 and 9 Hz. In quiet wakefulness, frequency was lower (around 5 Hz) and during synchronized sleep rhytmicity disppeared. The electrophysiological patterns during wakefulness and desynchronized sleep are proposed to be linked to the retrieeval and combination of information for the generation of attention and dream content