Mechanism of Dendrobium Nobile Polysaccharide Inhibition of Ferroptosis in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that ferroptosis participates in the pathophysiological mechanism of spinal cord injury (SCI). Our preliminary experiments verified that dendrobium nobile polysaccharide (DNP) improved the behavioral function of SCI rats. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of DNP on ferroptosis and its neuroprotective mechanism in SCI rats. METHODS: Adult female sprague dawley (SD) rats were exposed to SCI by Allen's method, followed by an intragastric injection of 100 mg/kg DNP per day for 2 weeks. Behavioral features were verified by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale and footprint evaluation. Iron content and glutathione (GSH) were assessed spectrophotometrically. Mitochondrial morphology was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of ferroptosis-related genes, including System Xc- light chain (xCT), G-rich RNA sequence binding Factor 1 (GRSF1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot. The spinal cavity was defined using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and neuronal modifications were detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Compared with the SCI group, the BBB score of rats in the DNP group increased at 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant. At 12 h post-injury the iron content began to decrease. At 24 h post-injury the iron content decreased significantly in the DNP group. The morphological changes of the mitochondrial crest and membrane in the DNP group were ameliorated within 24 h. Compared with the sham group, the expression of xCT, GSH, Gpx4, and GRSF1 were significantly reduced after SCI. After DNP treatment, the expression of xCT, Gpx4, and GSH were higher. The tissue cavity area was significantly reduced and the amount of NeuN+ cells was increased in the DNP group at 14 d and 28 d after SCI. CONCLUSIONS: DNP facilitated the post-injury recovery in SCI rats via the inhibition of ferroptosis.

Factors associated with health-related quality of life among family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease.

AIM: Based on the ageing population and the inadequate healthcare system in China, the majority of care for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is provided by family caregivers. Caregivers suffer a long-term heavy care burden and pressure, which affects their physical and mental health. The present study aims at investigating health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among family caregivers of AD patients and exploring its influencing factors. METHODS: This study included 206 family caregivers (76 male, 130 female) of AD patients recruited from one Tier 3 hospital, one psychiatric hospital, two gerocomiums and three communities in Ganzhou city, Jiangxi Province, China. Measures included the World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life (WHO/ QOL-BREF) questionnaire, Zarit burden of care scale (ZBI), and social support rating scale (SSRS).We performed face-to-face or telephone interviews with patients and caregivers. The association between possible factors and changes in HRQOL was examined through stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The majority of family caregivers felt moderate to severe level of burden. The average HRQOL score was 54.24 ± 10.36. The mean SSRS score was 30.4 ± 10.9. The average ZBI score was 41.2 ± 12.8. The HRQOL of family caregivers of AD patients was negatively correlated with the neuropsychiatric questionnaire score, ZBI score, and chronic diseases of caregivers (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with the SSRS score (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Reduced QOL was highly prevalent among AD patient family caregivers, and the level of burden, neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients, social support, and chronic diseases of caregivers were factors associated with HRQOL, and the effect of care burden is greatest. Interventions aimed at reducing the level of burden should focus not only on the patient but also on the caregiver.

Evaluation of the Influence of Etiological Factors on the Economic Burden of Ischemic Stroke in Younger Patients in China Using the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) Classification.

BACKGROUND Worldwide, stroke results in healthcare costs and economic costs, particularly in patients aged <45 years. This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing the economic burden of ischemic stroke in younger patients in China based on the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) etiological classification. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective review of the medical records of 961 patients aged between 18-45 years, diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, was performed to identify healthcare costs for one year. Stroke severity was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Stroke was categorized according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification as being due to large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolism (CE), small artery occlusion (SAO), other determined causes (OC), and undetermined etiology (UND). RESULTS Total direct medical costs at one-year follow-up were US$10,954.14, including inpatient cost of US$5,958.44, and outpatient cost of US$3,397.60. Inpatient and total costs at one year were significantly increased in the CE subtype (P<0.001), and were significantly less in the UND subtype (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that mRS score, TOAST category, NIHSS score, and the presence of atrial fibrillation were the significant factors influencing cost at one-year follow-up and total cost in younger patients with ischemic stroke. Overall, patient costs in China were less than those in high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS In the younger patient population in China, etiological factors influenced the economic burden of ischemic stroke.

[Expression of the MYL2 gene in the development of rat testis tissue].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of the gene of myosin regulatory light chain-2 (MYL2) in the development of rat testis tissue. METHODS: Using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, we determined the mRNA transcription level and protein expression of MYL2 in the rat testis. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of the MYL2 gene changed in an age-dependent manner, reaching the highest value on postnatal day (PND) 2, then dropped rapidly till PND 8, increased slowly on PNDs 10 and 12, decreased on PND 14, rose slightly from PND 15 and rapidly on PNDs 20 and 25, and declined slowly from PND 65. Immunohistochemistry showed that the MYL2 protein was mainly expressed in testicular sperm cells. CONCLUSIONS: The MYL2 gene may be involved in the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells and the process of sperm cells developing into mature sperm.

Rasd1 is an estrogen-responsive immediate early gene and modulates expression of late genes in rat anterior pituitary cells.

Dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 (Rasd1) is a member of the Ras superfamily of monomeric G proteins that have a regulatory function in signal transduction. Here we investigated the role of Rasd1 in regulating estrogen-induced gene expression in primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells. Rasd1 mRNA expression in anterior pituitary cells decreased after treatment with forskolin or serum and increased after treatment with 17ß-estradiol (E2). Increases in Rasd1 mRNA expression occurred as early as 0.5 h after E2 treatment, peaked at 1 h and were sustained for as long as 96 h. This rapid and profound increase in Rasd1 mRNA expression induced by E2 was also seen in GH4C1 cells, an estrogen receptor-positive somatolactotroph cell line. Among pituitary estrogen-responsive late genes studied, basal mRNA expression of Pim3 and Igf1 genes was decreased by RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Rasd1 expression, whereas basal expression of the Giot1 gene was increased. Moreover, Rasd1 knockdown enhanced stimulation of Pim3 mRNA expression and attenuated inhibition of Fosl1 mRNA expression 24 h after E2 treatment. These changes in mRNA expression were accompanied by enhanced activity of promoters containing CRE, AP-1 and SRE binding sequences. These results suggest that Rasd1 is an estrogen-responsive immediate early gene and modulates E2 induction of at least several late genes in anterior pituitary cells.

Thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl- cotransporter: genetic polymorphisms and human diseases.

The thiazide-sensitive Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (TSC) is responsible for the major sodium chloride reabsorption pathway, which is located in the apical membrane of the epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubule. TSC is involved in several physiological activities including transepithelial ion absorption and secretion, cell volume regulation, and setting intracellular Cl(-) concentration below or above its electrochemical potential equilibrium. In addition, TSC serves as the target of thiazide-type diuretics that are the first line of therapy for the treatment of hypertension in the clinic, and its mutants are also reported to be associated with the hereditary disease, Gitelman's syndrome. This review aims to summarize the publications with regard to the TSC by focusing on the association between TSC mutants and human hypertension as well as Gitelman's syndrome.

[SNP microarray analysis of retention abortion chorionic villus].

OBJECTIVE: To compare villus cell culture and karyotype analysis with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray technology for the detection of chorionic villus chromosome in patients with retention of abortion. METHODS: Forty cases were analyzed with the two methods. RESULTS: Chorionic villus culturing was successful in 29 cases, among which 10 were found to have an abnormal karyotypes. For the SNP microarray analysis, all 40 cases were successful, among which 16 were shown to have an abnormal molecular karyotype. CONCLUSION: SNP microarray technology is highly accurate and specific, which is particularly suitable for the detection of chromosomal deletions or duplications, uniparental disomy, low-percentage mosaicism and other chromosomal abnormalities. It has provided an effective supplement to the conventional chorionic villus culture and karyotype analysis.

Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control and sodium intake in Shandong Province, China: baseline results from Shandong-Ministry of Health Action on Salt Reduction and Hypertension (SMASH), 2011.

INTRODUCTION: In China, population-based blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension are increasing. Meanwhile, sodium intake, a major risk factor for hypertension, is high. In 2011, to develop intervention priorities for a salt reduction and hypertension control project in Shandong Province (population 96 million), a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect information on sodium intake and hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control. METHODS: Complex, multistage sampling methods were used to select a provincial-representative adult sample. Blood pressure was measured and a survey conducted among all participants; condiments were weighed in the household, a 24-hour dietary recall was conducted, and urine was collected. Hypertension was determined by blood pressure measured on a single occasion and self-reported use of antihypertension medications. RESULTS: Overall, 23.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.9%-26.0%) of adults in Shandong were estimated to have hypertension. Among those classified as having hypertension, approximately one-third (34.5%) reported having hypertension, approximately one-fourth (27.5%) reported taking medications, and one-seventh (14.9%) had their blood pressure controlled (<140/<90 mm Hg). Estimated total average daily dietary sodium intake was 5,745 mg (95% CI, 5,428 mg-6,063 mg). Most dietary sodium (80.8%) came from salt and high-salt condiments added during cooking: a sodium intake of 4,640 mg (95% CI, 4,360 mg-4,920 mg). The average daily urinary sodium excretion was 5,398 mg (95% CI, 5,112 mg-5,683 mg). CONCLUSION: Hypertension and excessive sodium intake in adults are major public health problems in Shandong Province, China.

Specific rules for time and space of multisensory plasticity in the superior colliculus.

Cat superior colliculus (SC) neurons commonly combine information from different senses, which facilitates event detection and localization. Integration in SC multisensory neurons depends on the spatial and temporal relationships between cross-modal cues. Here, we revealed the parallel process of short-term plasticity in the temporal/spatial integration process during adulthood that adapts multisensory integration to reliable changes in environmental conditions. Short-term experience alters the temporal preferences of SC multisensory neurons, and this short-term plasticity in the temporal/spatial integration process is limited to changes in cross-modal timing (a factor commonly induced by events at different distances from the receiver). However, this plasticity was not evident in response to changes in the cross-modal spatial configuration.

Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Growth Hormone Therapy by IGF-1 Z Score in Children with Short Stature.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to explore the safety and efficacy of growth hormone (GH) therapy by retrospectively analyzing the changes of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) Z-scores in children with short stature after treatment with GH. METHODS: The etiology of 104 children with short stature was classified according to the GH stimulation test and IGF-1 levels: (1) growth hormone deficiency (GHD); (2) mild growth hormone deficiency (M-GHD); (3) idiopathic short stature (ISS); (4) GH insensitivity syndrome (GHIS). In addition, all patients were treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) for 12 months, and the growth rate (Gv), height, body mass, bone age, height standard deviation scores (HtSDS), IGF-1 and adverse reactions were compared among these three groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: The height, body mass, Gv and HtSDS were significantly higher in each group compared with those before treatment. Furthermore, the Z-score of IGF-1 significantly increased after 1 month of GH treatment and was positively correlated with the dosage of GH. Moreover, the difference in standard deviation score was significantly positively correlated with the increase in standard deviation score of IGF-1. CONCLUSION: The detection of the GH-IGF-1 axis function can be carried out for the etiologic diagnosis of short stature. IGF-1 increased after rhGH treatment, and IGF-1 level was correlated to the time of therapy and dosage of GH. IGF-1-based GH dosing targeted to age- and gender-adjusted means may save medical costs and offer a more dose-sparing and potentially safer mode of therapy compared with traditional weight-based dosing.

Sexual Activity and HIV-Related Knowledge among Secondary School Students in China.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge and sexual activity among secondary school students, and to offer specific intervention strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Random sampling technique was used and cross-sectional study was conducted among 6347 students using self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The ages of participants range from 9 to 21 years with a mean of 14.83±1.63 years. Of 6347 students, 3214 (50.6%) were female. Results showed that 65% of male and 71% of female had been pornography reader. Overall, the prevalence of knowledge on HIV caused by virus was high for male and female. On intimate contact, 25.7% of the male and 17.7% of the female students reported that they had a history of hugging; 11.3% of male and 5.6% of female students reported that they had an experience of kissing; 11.3% of male and 4.0% of female students reported that they had an experience of caressing, 27% of male and 18% of female students reported that they had an experience of sexual intercourse; and 49.5% of male and 58.4% of female students reported to have been forced to have sex. Accordingly, 75.1% of male and 90% of female students heard of HIV. CONCLUSION: Education of the students on HIV/AIDS seems poorer at the secondary school in certain areas of China; more attention should be paid to those of senior grade students and students from divorced families.

Anticancer potential of bioactive peptides from animal sources (Review).

Cancer is the most common cause of human death worldwide. Conventional anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation, are associated with severe side effects and toxicities as well as low specificity. Peptides are rapidly being developed as potential anticancer agents that specifically target cancer cells and are less toxic to normal tissues, thus making them a better alternative for the prevention and management of cancer. Recent research has focused on anticancer peptides from natural animal sources, such as terrestrial mammals, marine animals, amphibians, and animal venoms. However, the mode of action by which bioactive peptides inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells remains unclear. In this review, we present the animal sources from which bioactive peptides with anticancer activity are derived and discuss multiple proposed mechanisms by which these peptides exert cytotoxic effects against cancer cells.

Blood lipid profile and glucose of university students (China).

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to estimate the blood glucose and blood lipid profile of students in a university in China. METHODS: This descriptive study was based on the health screening data for university students in 2013. The blood glucose (GLU), lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG, and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C)) was measured by using Hitachi model 747 automatic analyzer. The LDL cholesterol values were calculated according to the formula: LDL-C = TC-HDLC- TG/5. RESULTS: The mean of HDL was 51.31 and 56.30 mg/dL for male and female, respectively (p<0.05). The majority of students have normal level of GLU (65-110 mgl/dL). Elevated TC and LDL were observed in 6.92% and 5.82 % of male, similarly, 5.91%and 3.57% of female. High levels of TC, LDL and TG in male university students were 1.02%,0.71% and 1.41%, respectively; in female university students were 1.26%,1.04 and 0.68%, respectively. Reduced levels of HDL were observed in 5.59% of male and 2.62% of female. CONCLUSION: The study shows that the prevalence of blood glucose and blood lipid in university students, especially reduced levels of HDL and elevated TC and LDL in university students has become a critical health issue. Relevant department of school and government should pay more attention to students' physical health.

Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue estimar la glucosa de la sangre y el perfil lípido de la sangre de estudio en una universidad en China. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo basado en la revision de salud; datos para estudiantes universitarios en 2013. La glucosa en la sangre (GLU), perfiles de lípidos (colesterol total (CT), triglicéridos (Tg) y lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL - c) se midió utilizando Hitachi modelo 747 Analizador automático. Los valores de colesterol LDL se calculan según la fórmula: C - LDL HDL - C = TC Ching Ching TG / 5. Resultados: La media de HDL fueron 51,31 y 56.30 mg / dl para varón y mujer, respectivamente (p < 0,05) y LDL (p < 0.05). La mayoría de los estudiantes tienen nivel normal de Glu (65-110mgl / dl). TC y LDL elevados fueron observados en 6.92% y el 5,82% de varones, asimismo, 5,91% y el 3,57% de mujeres. Altos niveles de TC, LDL y TG fueron detectados en estudiantes universitarios masculinos; 1.02% 0,71% y un 1,41%, respectivamente; en mujeres estudiantes de la Universidad were1.26%, 1.04 y 0,68%, respectivamente. La reducción de los niveles de HDL fueron observados en 5.59% de hombres y el 2,62% de mujeres. Conclusión: El estudio demostró que la prevalencia de la glucosa de la sangre y de lípidos en sangre en los estudiantes universitarios, especialmente la reducción de los niveles de HDL y LDL elevados de TC y en estudiantes universitarios, se ha convertido en un problema de salud crítico. Colegios, escuelas y el Gobierno deben prestar más atención a la salud física de los estudiantes.

Association between serum uric acid levels and obesity among university students (China).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between serum uric acid and obesity among university students who participated in routine health screening in 2013. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 3529 subjects were analyzed. Obesity categories were classified by BMI levels references in China. And serum uric acid levels were classified by serum uric acid quartiles. Two-sample T-test and Wilcoxon Rank sum test were used to compare age, biochemical and anthropometric parameters of subjects of two genders. Rank correlation used to analyze relationship between serum uric acid and obesity. RESULTS: There were 1285 males (mean age, 19.8 ± 1.3 years) and 2244 females (mean age, 19.9 ± 1.3 years) in this study. Association between 2nd serum uric acid quartile and normal in male are significant and coefficient was 0.519. The 3rd serum uric acid quartile and normal in female was associated significantly (r = 0.173, p = 0.010). And associations between overweight and 3rd and 4th serum uric acid quartiles in female were significant (r = 0.128, p = 0.038 in 1st quartile and r = 0.282, p = 0.004 in 4th quartile). The 4th serum uric acid quartile and Obesity in two gender groups were significantly associated (r = 0.291, p = 0.000 in male and r = 0.484, p = 0.001 in female). CONCLUSION: High serum uric acid was positively associated with obesity in overweight and obesity group. However, the association was weak between two variables because serum uric acid influenced obesity with other related factors together.

Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre el ácido úrico en suero y la obesidad entre los estudiantes universitarios que participaron en los exámenes de salud de rutina en 2013. Métodos: en este estudio transversal, 3.529 sujetos fueron analizados. La obesidad categorías fueron clasificados por el IMC niveles referencias en China.Y los niveles de ácido úrico en suero fueron clasificados por el ácido úrico en suero cuartiles. Dos Sample T - test y Wilcoxon Rank sum test se utiliza para comparar los parámetros antropométricos, bioquímicos y de los sujetos de ambos sexos. Rango correlación utilizado para analizar la relación entre el ácido úrico en suero y la obesidad. Resultado: hay 1.285 hombres (edad media, 19,8 ± 1,3 años) y 2.244 mujeres (edad media, 19,9 ± 1,3 años) en este estudio. Asociación entre el segundo cuartil de ácido úrico en suero y normal en el macho son significativos y se 0,519 coeficiente. El tercer cuartil de ácido úrico en suero y normal en mujeres se asoció significativamente (R = 0,173, p = 0,010). Y asociaciones entre sobrepeso y 3º y 4º de ácido úrico sérico cuartiles en mujeres fueron significativa (R = 0,128, p = 0,038 en 1er cuartil y R = 0,317, p = 0,004 en cuarto cuartil). El cuarto cuartil de ácido úrico en suero y la obesidad en dos grupos de género fueron asociados significativamente (R = 0,286, p = 0,000 en macho y R = 0,484, p = 0,001 en mujeres). Conclusión: alta de ácido úrico en suero fue asociado positivamente con la obesidad en el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Sin embargo, la asociación entre dos variables es débil porque el ácido úrico en suero influenciado la obesidad con otros factores conexos.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children aged 14 to 18 years (china).

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents has been increasing during recent decades. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity in 14-18 years old Anhui Secondary school children, and provide more comprehensive guidelines for intervention programs. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 4788 children in secondary school, and date from the routine health survey was analyzed. Trained health workers took anthropometric measures, height and weight, at the school. Definition of children overweight and obesity children was based on the international age-and sex-specific body mass index reference standards proposed by the International Obesity Task Force and National Center for Health Statistics. RESULTS: According to the IOTF standard the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and obesity revealed decreasing trend with age in male (overweight, from 17.3% at 14-y to 5.3% at 18-y; obesity, from 3.8% at 14-y to 2.3% at 18-y). Depending on the NCHS references used, the overall prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and obesity in male aged 14 to 18 decreases from 16.4% to 11.7% and from 4.6% to 2.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The overweight (including obesity) and obesity from 14 to 18 years old have a decreasing trend, and more attention should be taken to male students in China. These findings suggest secondary school and government need to design appropriate guidelines to keep healthy for adolescents in China.

Antecedentes: La Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes ha ido en aumento durante los últimos decenios. El presente estudio pretende evaluar la prevalencia de la obesidad en los niños de la escuela secundaria de 14 a 18 años de edad Anhui, y proporcionar directrices más amplias para los programas de intervención. Métodos: Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo en 4788 niños de escuela secundaria, y la fecha de la encuesta de salud de rutina fue analizado. Los trabajadores sanitarios capacitados tomaron medidas antropométricas, la altura y el peso, en la escuela. La definicion de los niños con sobrepeso y obesidad basada en la edad y sexo del índice de masa corporal estándar de referencia propuesto por el Grupo de trabajo internacional sobre obesidad y el Centro Nacional de estadísticas de salud. Resultados: De acuerdo a la IOTF Standard la prevalencia de sobrepeso (obesidad) y la obesidad reveló disminución tendencia con la edad en varones (sobrepeso, del 17,3% en 14-y a 5,3% en 18-y; la obesidad, from 3.8% en 14-y al 2,3% en 18-y). Dependiendo de la NCHS referencias utilizadas, la prevalencia global de sobrepeso (obesidad) y la obesidad en hombres de entre 14 y 18 años de edad disminuye a partir de un 16,4% a 11,7% y del 4,6% al 2,8%, respectivamente. Conclusión: El sobrepeso (obesidad) y la obesidad de diciembre de los 14 a los 18 años de edad tienen una tendencia a la disminucion, y más atención debe ser tomado para estudiantes varones en China. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la escuela secundaria y el Gobierno deben formular directrices apropiadas para mantener saludables a los adolescentes en China.

Correlation analysis of anxiety status and sub-health status among students of 13-26 years old.

The purpose of the survey is to investigate the relationship between anxiety statuses and suboptimal health status among students from south of Anhui in china. Our study was a population-based, cluster sampling method survey with a sample consisting of 5249 students, who come from a university, four high schools and four middle schools in Wannan Area in China. Sub-health status was measured by multidimensional sub-health questionnaire of adolescents, and anxious status was assessed using anxiety self-assessment scale. A total of 538 (10.25%) of the students were detected with anxiety status, the prevalence of anxiety status for boy and girl students were 11.8% and 16.5%,respectively, there are no significant difference between urban and rural for the anxiety score in physical and mental sub-health status (P > 0.05). The boys living in urban have a lower anxiety score than that of the girls, the no-only child and child living in rural in different sub-health status (P < 0.05). The results indicate that sub-health status and anxiety status are prevalent among students, especially in girls, no-only child and students who living in rural area, the school heads should pay more attention to the mental health of students.

The role of social support on occupational stress among hospital nurses.

Stress is a nonspecific reaction to everything the body needs. Although occupational stress exists in every occupation, it is seen with more frequency and intensity amongst those occupations related to human health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and social support (SS) among hospital nurses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1144 hospital nurse in China. They were investigated with a self-administered questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics, occupational stress and social support. A validated version of the revised Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI-R) was applied to evaluate occupational stress; SS was measured by nine questions. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between occupational stress and SS and adjusted for income, gender, marital status, working years, educational level, and profession. Of 1144 nurses, the majority age group was less than 30 years, and the mean age across participants was 31.8 years. Further correlation analysis indicated that score of ORQ and PSQ had a significant negative correlation with score of SS (P<0.05), and a significant positive correlation was found between Score of PRQ and score of SS (P<0.05). The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis results also revealed that high SS increased significantly with decreasing ORQ score and increasing PRQ score after controlling for income, gender, marital status, working years, educational level and job title. SS significantly influences occupational stress in hospitals nurse. We also should pay more attention to occupational stress of married and long working years nurse.

Prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in university students from the region of Anhui (China).

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are epidemic worldwide. Our previous study found that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary students is high. OBJECTIVE: we sought to estimate whether the prevalence of overweight and obesity among university students is still high in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed to collect the routine health screening data for university students in 2013. The height and weight of students were measured, and BMI was calculated with height and weight, we estimated the underweight and obesity prevalence of university students using by two references [Working Group on Obesity references in China (2004) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (2000)]. RESULTS: Depending on the China references used, the overall prevalence of underweight, overweight (including obesity) and obesity in male university students were 14.2%, 14.7% and 4.2%, respectively; in female university students were 27.5%, 4.4% and 0.6%, respectively. Depending on the WHO references used, the overall prevalence of underweight, overweight (including obesity) and obesity in male university students were 14.2%, 11.5% and 2.5%, respectively, in female university students were 27.5%, 2.4% and 0.3%, respectively. An interesting observation made was that the underweight prevalence of university students has an increasing trend, especially in female. CONCLUSION: The study showed that the prevalence of underweight in university students, especially in female students has become a critical health issue. Related department of school and government should pay more attention to student's physical health.

Antecedentes: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son epidemia en todo el mundo.Nuestro estudio anterior halló que la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en estudiantes de primaria es alto. Objetivo: Hemos tratado de estimar si la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad entre los estudiantes universitarios es todavía alta en China. Métodos: Un estudio transversal fue diseñado para recoger los exámenes de salud de rutina datos para estudiantes universitarios en 2013.La altura y el peso de los estudiantes fueron medidos, y el IMC se calcula con la altura y el peso, así como para estimar la prevalencia de insuficiencia ponderal y obesidad de la Universidad los estudiantes utilizando dos referencias [Grupo de trabajo sobre la obesidad referencias en China (2004) y la Organización Mundial de la salud (OMS) criterios (2000)]. Resultados: Dependiendo de la China referencias utilizadas, la prevalencia global de bajo peso, sobrepeso (obesidad) y la obesidad en estudiantes universitarios masculinos fueron 14,2%, el 14,7% y 4,2%, respectivamente; en mujeres estudiantes universitarios fueron el 27,5%, 4,4% y 0,6%, respectivamente. Dependiendo de los que referencias utilizadas, la prevalencia global de bajo peso, sobrepeso (obesidad) y la obesidad en estudiantes universitarios masculinos fueron 14,2%, 11,5% y 2,5%, respectivamente, en mujeres estudiantes universitarios fueron el 27,5%, 2,4% y 0,3%, respectivamente.Una observación interesante es que la prevalencia de insuficiencia ponderal de los estudiantes universitarios tiene una tendencia al aumento, sobre todo en mujeres. Conclusión: El estudio demostró que la prevalencia de la insuficiencia ponderal en estudiantes universitarios, especialmente en mujeres estudiantes se ha convertido en un problema de salud crítico.Related Departamento de la escuela y el Gobierno deben prestar más atención a la salud física del alumno.

Prevalence and risk factors of anxiety status among students aged 13-26 years.

Previous study revealed that 8%-12% adolescents suffered from various types of anxiety disorders, and which had interfered with adolescent daily life function and affected adolescent social function. The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety status and its related factors among students aged 13-26 years from Wuhu, China. This was a cross-sectional observational study. A sample of school students who come from a university, four high schools and four middle schools in Wuhu city were recruited, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to measure the anxiety status among students aged 13-26 years, and some demographic characteristics of students also was determined. A total of 5249 students were included in our study. The overall rate of anxiety status among students was 14.1%. A significant difference was observed between anxiety status and sex, mothers education level, dietary and siesta habit (P < 0.05), only-child family, gentle temper, regular breakfast habit, friend support was associated with lower scores on anxiety status. The findings indicated that anxiety status is common among school students. Preventive and treatment strategies are highly recommended.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children aged 5 to 14 years in Wannan area, China.

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are epidemic worldwide. The purpose of this research is to estimate whether the prevalence of obesity among primary school children is high, and to identify its potential determinants to optimize the methods of prevention to combat further increases in childhood overweight. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed to collect the routine health screening data for primary school children in Wannan area, China. Overweight and obesity status were determined using the International Obesity Task Force standard (IOTF) BMI cut-off points. RESULTS: A total of 67956 subjects (36664 male and 31292 female) aged 5-14 years were recruited in this study. Depending on the references used (IOTF), the overall prevalence of overweight, including obesity of the subjects was 17.85% , the prevalence of overweight, including obesity was 22.9% in male subjects and 11.9% in female subjects, respectively. The overall prevalence of obesity was3.7%, the prevalence of obesity was 5.2 % in male subjects and 1.8% in female subjects, respectively. An interesting observation made was that the prevalence of overweight was high in male subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight is prevalence among primary school children, especially in male children. The relate department of school and government should take some measure to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Antecedentes: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son epidemia en todo el mundo. El propósito de esta investigacion es estimar si la prevalencia de la obesidad entre los niños de la escuela primaria es alto, y a identificar sus posibles factores determinantes para optimizar los métodos de prevención para combatir nuevas subidas en sobrepeso infantil. Métodos: Un estudio transversal fue diseñado para recoger los exámenes de salud de rutina datos para la escuela primaria los niños de 5 a 14 años en Wannan Area, China, el sobrepeso y la obesidad se determinaron utilizando la International Obesity Task Force Standard (IOTF) IMC puntos de corte. Resultados: Un total de 67956 sujetos (36664 macho y 31239 hembra) de 5 a 14 años fueron reclutados en este estudio. Dependiendo de las referencias utilizadas (IOTF), la prevalencia de sobrepeso, incluyendo la obesidad de los sujetos fue 17,85%, la prevalencia de sobrepeso, incluyendo la obesidad fue del 22,9% en sujetos masculinos y el 11,9% en mujeres, respectivamente. La prevalencia global de la obesidad was 3,7%, la prevalencia de obesidad fue de 5,2% en sujetos masculinos y 1,8% de mujeres, respectivamente. Una observación interesante es que la prevalencia de sobrepeso fue alta en sujetos masculinos. Conclusiones: El sobrepeso es la prevalencia entre los niños de la escuela primaria, especialmente en los niños varones. escuela y Departamento de Gobierno debería tomar algo de placer para reducir la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad.