Histone chaperone CAF-1 promotes HIV-1 latency by leading the formation of phase-separated suppressive nuclear bodies.

HIV-1 latency is a major obstacle to achieving a functional cure for AIDS. Reactivation of HIV-1-infected cells followed by their elimination via immune surveillance is one proposed strategy for eradicating the viral reservoir. However, current latency-reversing agents (LRAs) show high toxicity and low efficiency, and new targets are needed to develop more promising LRAs. Here, we found that the histone chaperone CAF-1 (chromatin assembly factor 1) is enriched on the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and forms nuclear bodies with liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) properties. CAF-1 recruits epigenetic modifiers and histone chaperones to the nuclear bodies to establish and maintain HIV-1 latency in different latency models and primary CD4+ T cells. Three disordered regions of the CHAF1A subunit are important for phase-separated CAF-1 nuclear body formation and play a key role in maintaining HIV-1 latency. Disruption of phase-separated CAF-1 bodies could be a potential strategy to reactivate latent HIV-1.

CBX4 contributes to HIV-1 latency by forming phase-separated nuclear bodies and SUMOylating EZH2.

The retrovirus HIV-1 integrates into the host genome and establishes a latent viral reservoir that escapes immune surveillance. Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 latency have been studied extensively to achieve a cure for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Latency-reversing agents (LRAs) have been developed to reactivate and eliminate the latent reservoir by the immune system. To develop more promising LRAs, it is essential to evaluate new therapeutic targets. Here, we find that CBX4, a component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), contributes to HIV-1 latency in seven latency models and primary CD4+ T cells. CBX4 forms nuclear bodies with liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) properties on the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and recruits EZH2, the catalytic subunit of PRC2. CBX4 SUMOylates EZH2 utilizing its SUMO E3 ligase activity, thereby enhancing the H3K27 methyltransferase activity of EZH2. Our results indicate that CBX4 acts as a bridge between the repressor complexes PRC1 and PRC2 that act synergistically to maintain HIV-1 latency. Dissolution of phase-separated CBX4 bodies could be a potential intervention to reactivate latent HIV-1.

The ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates immune evasion through down-regulating MHC-Ι.

COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic and has claimed over 2 million lives worldwide. Although the genetic sequences of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have high homology, the clinical and pathological characteristics of COVID-19 differ significantly from those of SARS. How and whether SARS-CoV-2 evades (cellular) immune surveillance requires further elucidation. In this study, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to major histocompability complex class Ι (MHC-Ι) down-regulation both in vitro and in vivo. The viral protein encoded by open reading frame 8 (ORF8) of SARS-CoV-2, which shares the least homology with SARS-CoV among all viral proteins, directly interacts with MHC-Ι molecules and mediates their down-regulation. In ORF8-expressing cells, MHC-Ι molecules are selectively targeted for lysosomal degradation via autophagy. Thus, SARS-CoV-2-infected cells are much less sensitive to lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Because ORF8 protein impairs the antigen presentation system, inhibition of ORF8 could be a strategy to improve immune surveillance.

The potential mechanism of treating IC/BPS with hyperbaric oxygen by reducing vascular endothelial growth inhibitor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.

Background/aim: To investigate the roles of vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). Materials and methods: A total of 38 patients were included. They were assessed before and 6 months after HBO treatment. Three-day voiding diaries were recorded, and O'leary-Sant scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, quality of life (QoL) scores, pelvic pain, and urgency/frequency (PUF) scores were evaluated. Bladder capacity was assessed by cystoscopy. Bladder mucosa was collected for Western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining to compare the expression of VEGI and HIF-1α before and after treatment. Results: Compared with before treatment, patients showed significant improvements in 24-h voiding frequency (15.32 ± 5.38 times), nocturia (3.71 ± 1.80 times), O'leary-Sant score (20.45 ± 5.62 points), VAS score (41.76 ± 17.88 points), QoL score (3.03 ± 1.44 points), and PUF score (19.95 ± 6.46 points) after treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bladder capacity before and after treatment (p ≥ 0.05). The expression levels of VEGI and HIF-1α protein and mRNA were significantly decreased 6 months after treatment compared with before treatment. Immunofluorescence staining results showed that the double positive expression of VEGI and HIF-1α protein in bladder tissue of IC/BPS patients after HBO treatment quantitatively decreased significantly. Conclusion: This study identified a possible mechanism by which VEGI and HIF-1α expression decreased after HBO treatment due to hypoxia reversal, which improved symptoms in IC/BPS patients.

Effects of different diets used to induce obesity/metabolic syndrome on bladder function in rats.

Preclinical and human studies on the relationship between obesity/metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) are inconsistent. We compared the temporal effects of feeding four different diets used to induce obesity/MetS, including 60% fructose, 2% cholesterol +10% lard, 30% fructose + 20% lard, or 32.5% lard diet, up to 42 wk, on metabolic parameters and bladder function in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats fed a 30% fructose + 20% lard or 32.5% lard diet consumed less food (grams), but only the 32.5% lard diet group took in more calories. Feeding rats a 60% fructose or 30% fructose + 20% lard diet led to glucose intolerance and increased blood pressure. Higher body weight and increased cholesterol levels were observed in the rats maintained on a 2% cholesterol +10% lard diet, whereas exposure to a 32.5% lard diet affected most of the above parameters. Voiding behavior measurement showed that voiding frequency and the total voided volume were lower in the experimental diet groups except for the 30% fructose + 20% lard group. The mean voided volume was lower in the 30% fructose + 20% lard and 32.5% lard groups compared with the control group. Cystometric analysis revealed a decreased bladder capacity, mean voided volume, intermicturition interval, and compliance in the 32.5% lard diet group. In conclusion, experimental diets including 60% fructose, 30% fructose + 20% lard, or 2% cholesterol + 10% lard diet differently affected physiological and metabolic parameters and bladder function to a limited extent, while exposure to a 32.5% lard diet had a greater impact.

Profiles of self-compassion and psychological outcomes in cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES: The protective role of self-compassion in cancer patients' psychological outcomes has been confirmed. However, using a composite score of self-compassion, previous research could not clarify how distinct components of self-compassion may mutually interact. This study, using a person-centred approach, aimed to identify profiles of self-compassion in cancer patients and examined the associations of self-compassion profiles with sociodemographic and medical variables and psychological outcomes. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 289 patients with heterogeneous cancer types recruited from two hospitals in Xi'an, China. Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct profiles of self-compassion. The Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars approach was used to examine how these profiles related to sociodemographic and medical characteristics and psychological outcomes. RESULTS: Five profiles of self-compassion were identified: 'average self-compassion' (54%), 'high self-compassion' (19.4%), 'low self-compassion and low self-coldness' (11.4%), 'high self-compassion and high self-coldness' (8%), and 'average self-compassion and high self-coldness' (7.2%). Patients with the 'high self-compassion' profile tended to be older and report no cancer recurrence, and those with the 'low self-compassion and low self-coldness' profile tended to be female. Patients with the 'high self-compassion' profile reported the fewest depressive and anxiety symptoms while patients with the 'average self-compassion and high self-coldness' profile reported the most depressive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed five self-compassion profiles in cancer patients, which had different psychological outcomes. Future longitudinal research should investigate the causality between self-compassion profiles and psychological outcomes.

An Integrated Extraction-Purification Process for Raspberry Leaf Polyphenols and Their In Vitro Activities.

To improve the utilization value of raspberry leaves, the extraction and purification conditions of phenolic compounds from raspberry leaves were optimized, and the contents of phenolic compounds and the biological activities of extracts were studied. After steam explosion pretreatment at 115 °C for 15 min, raspberry leaf extract with a total phenolic content (TPC) of 136.30~140.51 mg GAE/g was obtained via homogenization and ultrasound-assisted extraction. In addition, the adsorption relationship between raspberry leaf polyphenols and middle polar XDA-6 macroporous resin was best described by the Langmuir model, and tended to be monolayer adsorption. Its adsorption kinetics best resembled the pseudo second-order kinetic model, and it was speculated that this was influenced by multiple factors. According to the optimal integrated extraction-purification process, the TPC of the extracts increased to 738.98 mg GAE/g after one application of purification and 905.27 mg GAE/g after two applications of purification. Moreover, the latter case showed the highest antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition activity, and the content of the most typical compound, quercetin-3-glucuronide, reached 199.69 mg/g. SE has a double-edged effect, and is more conducive to the release of active substances as a pre-treatment method. This study provides a theoretical basis for the efficient use of raspberry leaves, further improving their medicinal and economic value.

The small molecule chemical compound cinobufotalin attenuates resistance to DDP by inducing ENKUR expression to suppress MYH9-mediated c-Myc deubiquitination in lung adenocarcinoma.

The small molecule chemical compound cinobufotalin (CB) is reported to be a potential antitumour drug that increases cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In this study, we first found that CB decreased DDP resistance, migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Mechanistic studies showed that CB induced ENKUR expression by suppressing PI3K/AKT signalling to downregulate c-Jun, a negative transcription factor of ENKUR. Furthermore, ENKUR was shown to function as a tumour suppressor by binding to ß-catenin to decrease c-Jun expression, thus suppressing MYH9 transcription. Interestingly, MYH9 is a binding protein of ENKUR. The Enkurin domain of ENKUR binds to MYH9, and the Myosin_tail of MYH9 binds to ENKUR. Downregulation of MYH9 reduced the recruitment of the deubiquitinase USP7, leading to increased c-Myc ubiquitination and degradation, decreased c-Myc nuclear translocation, and inactivation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signalling, thus attenuating DDP resistance. Our data demonstrated that CB is a promising antitumour drug and may be a candidate chemotherapeutic drug for LUAD patients.

PIWIL4 Maintains HIV-1 Latency by Enforcing Epigenetically Suppressive Modifications on the 5' Long Terminal Repeat.

Although substantial progress has been made in depicting the molecular pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, the comprehensive mechanism of HIV-1 latency and the most promising therapeutic strategies to effectively reactivate the HIV-1 latent reservoir to achieve a functional cure for AIDS remain to be systematically illuminated. Here, we demonstrated that piwi (P element-induced Wimpy)-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 4 (PIWIL4) played an important role in suppressing HIV-1 transcription and contributed to the latency state in HIV-1-infected cells through its recruitment of various suppressive factors, including heterochromatin protein 1α/ß/γ, SETDB1, and HDAC4. The knockdown of PIWIL4 enhanced HIV-1 transcription and reversed HIV-1 latency in both HIV-1 latently infected Jurkat T cells and primary CD4+ T lymphocytes and resting CD4+ T lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals on suppressive combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Furthermore, in the absence of PIWIL4, HIV-1 latently infected Jurkat T cells were more sensitive to reactivation with vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, or SAHA), JQ1, or prostratin. These findings indicated that PIWIL4 promotes HIV-1 latency by imposing repressive marks at the HIV-1 5' long terminal repeat. Thus, the manipulation of PIWIL4 could be a novel strategy for developing promising latency-reversing agents (LRAs).IMPORTANCE HIV-1 latency is systematically modulated by host factors and viral proteins. During this process, the suppression of HIV-1 transcription plays an essential role in promoting HIV-1 latency. In this study, we found that PIWIL4 repressed HIV-1 promoter activity and maintained HIV-1 latency. In particular, we report that PIWIL4 can regulate gene expression through its association with the suppressive activity of HDAC4. Therefore, we have identified a new function for PIWIL4: it is not only a suppressor of endogenous retrotransposons but also plays an important role in inhibiting transcription and leading to latent infection of HIV-1, a well-known exogenous retrovirus. Our results also indicate a novel therapeutic target to reactivate the HIV-1 latent reservoir.

CUL7 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mediates the Degradation of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase and Regulates the Ig Class Switch Recombination in B Lymphocytes.

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation in Ig genes. The activity and protein levels of AID are tightly controlled by various mechanisms. In this study, we found that CUL7 E3 ubiquitin ligases specifically mediated AID ubiquitination. CUL7 overexpression or knockdown influenced the decay of AID, affecting AID protein levels and subsequently IgA class switching in CH12F3 cells, a mouse B lymphocyte cell line. Further analysis indicated that CUL7 mediated AID ubiquitination by forming a complex with FBXW11. In a CUL7 fl/fl CD19 cre+ mouse model, we demonstrated that CUL7 knockout significantly enhanced AID protein levels in B cells in the germinal center and increased both the IgG1 and IgA class switching. Collectively, our results reveal a subtle regulation mechanism for tightly controlling AID protein levels. The manipulation of this pathway may be useful for regulating AID abundance and efficiency of Ig class switching and is therefore a potential target for developing immunologic adjuvants for vaccines of various pathogens such as HIV-1 and influenza viruses.

Different patterns of perceived barriers to psychological treatment among Chinese depressed college students: Preliminary findings.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to (a) identify the different patterns of perceived barriers to psychological treatment in Chinese college students with depression and (b) determine whether self-compassion and depression severity distinguished individuals with different patterns. METHODS: This study included 338 college students with depression. The perceived barriers to psychological treatment scale were used. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to identify the differential patterns. RESULTS: Results of LPA indicated four patterns of perceived barriers, which differed with respect to levels and patterns, namely, "low barriers" (31%, n = 105), "moderate barriers" (45%, n = 153), "attitudinal and availability barriers" (18%, n = 61), and "high barriers" (6%, n = 19). Self-compassion (particularly, negative self-compassion) and depression severity distinguished participants with the four patterns. CONCLUSIONS: A small number of participants reporting high levels across different types of barriers deserve special attention because they would be less likely to seek professional help.

Protective effect of RNA interference targeting Ikkß on hepatic fibrosis in rats.

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an important regulatory factor in cells. NF-κB has a wide range of biological activities. After activation, it participates in the transcription and regulation of many genes and plays a role in infection, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cell multiplication, and apoptosis. The activation of the NF-κB signal pathway is dependent on the degradation of the IκB kinase ß (IKKß) complex. IKK ß is the key kinase in the NF-κB activation pathway. After inhibition, it can block the activation of NF-κB. IKKß is a key regulator of NF-κB activation, also an early regulator of inflammation in all stages of the immune response. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IKKß-siRNA lentivirus vector treatment for hepatic fibrosis of rats. An IKKß-siRNA expression plasmid was constructed and injected in the tail vein of rats. Then, IKKß-siRNA distribution in the liver was observed by immunofluorescence, and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect inflammation-related and fibrosis-related factors. IKKß-siRNA lentiviruses could be delivered to the liver and significantly decrease carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, serum transaminase levels significantly decreased, and inflammation-related and fibrosis-related factors decreased. IKKß-siRNA can be an effective method of anti-fibrosis gene therapy for liver fibrosis.

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Potently Inhibit the Replication of Zika Viruses by Inducing the Degradation of AXL.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is genetically and biologically related to other Flaviviridae family members and has disseminated to many countries. It is associated with severe consequences, including the abnormal development of the neural system in fetuses and neurological diseases in adults. Therefore, the development of anti-ZIKV drugs is of paramount importance. Screening of generic drugs revealed that several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen, and lornoxicam, potently inhibited the entry of Zika virus Env/HIV-1-pseudotyped viruses. They also significantly inhibited the replication of wild-type ZIKV both in cell lines and in primary human fetal endothelial cells. Interestingly, the NSAIDs exerted this inhibitory effect by potently reducing the expression of AXL, the entry cofactor of ZIKV. Further studies showed that the NSAIDs downregulated the prostaglandin E2/prostaglandin E receptor 2 (EP2)/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway and reduced PKA-dependent CDC37 phosphorylation and the interaction between CDC37 and HSP90, which subsequently facilitated CHIP/ubiquitination/proteasome-mediated AXL degradation. Taken together, our results highlight a new mechanism of action of antiviral agents which may assist in designing a convenient strategy for treating ZIKV-infected patients.IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, which causes congenital malformations, including microcephaly and other neurological disorders, has attracted global attention. We observed that several NSAIDs significantly inhibited ZIKV infection. Based on our observations, we propose a novel mechanism of action of antiviral compounds which involves the blockade of virus entry via degradation of the entry cofactor. Furthermore, NSAIDs can be practically used for preventing ZIKV infection in pregnant women, as certain NSAIDs, including ibuprofen and acetaminophen, are considered clinically safe.

The predictive role of self-compassion in cancer patients' symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue: A longitudinal study.

Objective Self-compassion is consistently found to be related to better psychological outcomes. As most studies were cross-sectional, little is known about the predictive role of self-compassion for future psychological outcomes. This longitudinal study in cancer patients investigated the predictive role of self-compassion at the time of cancer diagnosis for the course of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue in the period of receiving cancer treatment. METHODS: This longitudinal study was conducted at the Shaanxi Provincial Tumour Hospital in Xi'an, China. A total of 153 heterogeneous cancer patients were assessed within 1 week after cancer diagnosis (T1) as well as at the start (T2) and the end (T3) of medical treatment. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the research questions. RESULTS: Cross-sectional regression analyses at T1 showed that a self-compassion total score and negative self-compassion (and to a lesser extent positive self-compassion) were significantly related to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue. When controlling for symptoms at T1, positive self-compassion significantly predicted all three outcomes at T3. A self-compassion total score only predicted symptoms of anxiety at T2, controlling for T1 symptoms. In contrast, we found no significant predictive value of negative self-compassion. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the positive aspects of self-compassion are beneficial for cancer patients for their future functioning, in terms of fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue over time. Future interventions should test how and to what extent self-compassion can be cultivated and whether increases in self-compassion are associated with better outcomes.

Think twice before stent insertion for renal artery aneurysm with elusive etiology: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment has been recognized as the first line therapy for renal artery aneurysm (RAA). However, RAA related with malignancies had been sporadically reported in the literature. Stent insertion should be contraindicated for RAAs with malignant etiology, whereas surgery be optimal. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old female underwent covered stent insertion to exclude the left RAA for suspected Takayasu arteritis in a reginal hospital. Three months later the RAA recurred with sign of threatened rupture, and the patient was transferred for salvage embolization with coils and thrombin injection. However, 20 days after the embolization procedure, multiple painful subcutaneous nodules developed in her flanks. Undifferentiated sarcoma was revealed by the pathological biopsy of the nodules. The RAA in this case was most likely related with the malignancy. CONCLUSION: Malignancy was the most likely etiology behind recurrent aneurysm in this case. Definite diagnosis is mandatory for interventional radiologists before stent insertion for treatment of RAA.

Application of an individualized and reassemblable 3D printing navigation template for accurate puncture during sacral neuromodulation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of an individualized and reassemblable three-dimensional (3D) printing navigation template for making accurate punctures during sacral neuromodulation (SNM). METHODS: From July 2016 to July 2017, 24 patients undergoing SNM were enrolled. Conventional X-ray guidance was used in the control group, which included 14 patients, while the 3D printing template was used in the experimental group, which included 10 patients. The number of punctures, the average puncture time, the exposure to X-ray, the adjustment time during the operation and the testing of the SNM device, the infection and haemorrhage rate, and the implantable pulse generator (IPG) implantation rates were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: In total, 24 patients successfully underwent stage I. When comparing the control group and the experimental group, the number of punctures were 9.6 ± 7.7 and 1.5 ± 0.7, respectively; the average puncture times were 35.4 ± 14.6 and 4.1 ± 2.2 min, respectively; and the X-ray exposure levels were 8.37 ± 4.83 mAs and 2.34 ± 0.54 mAs, respectively. No postoperative complications were reported in either group. The IPG implantation rates were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The 3D printing template for SNM can help us to perform accurate and quick punctures into the target sacral foramina, reduce X-ray exposure, and shorten the operation time. For patients with obesity, sacral variation, sacral bone fractures or losses and for patients who are unable to tolerate the prone position during operation, use of the 3D printing template is recommended.

Impacts of a Compound Amendment on Cd Immobilization, Enzyme Activities and Crop Uptake in Acidic Cd-Contaminated Paddy Soils.

This study assessed the effectiveness of limestone-montmorillonite-rapeseed residue-Si fertilizer compound amendment on the bioavailability and crop uptake of cadmium (Cd) and enzyme activities in acidic paddy soils. Applying the compound amendment at ratios of 1%-3% increased soil pH by 0.1-1.9 units, decreased leaching ratios of soil Cd 4.0%-22%, and decreased exchangeable and carbonated Cd 42%-55% and 27%-49%, respectively. Organic matter-bound Cd increased 47%-62% (p < 0.05). Cadmium concentrations decreased in the roots, culms, leaves, and grains of rice grown in the Cd-contaminated soils by 37%-81%, 18%-73%, 29%-64% and 27%-63%, respectively, (p < 0.05). Catalase and urease activities increased 2.5%-63% and 3.9%-36%, (p < 0.05), respectively. Applying this compound amendment may significantly mitigate soil acidification and decrease the bioavailability and crop uptake of Cd in acidic Cd-contaminated paddy soils.

Kidney transplantation after liver transplantation.

Kidney transplantation after liver transplantation (KALT) offers longer survival and a better quality of life to liver transplantation recipients who develop chronic renal failure. This article aimed to discuss the efficacy and safety of KALT compared with other treatments. The medical records of 5 patients who had undergone KALT were retrospectively studied, together with a literature review of studies. Three of them developed chronic renal failure after liver transplantation because of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-induced nephrotoxicity, while the others had lupus nephritis or non-CNI drug-induced nephrotoxicity. No mortality was observed in the 5 patients. Three KALT cases showed good prognoses, maintaining a normal serum creatinine level during entire follow-up period. Chronic rejection occurred in the other two patients, and a kidney graft was removed from one of them. Our data suggested that KALT is a good alternative to dialysis for liver transplantation recipients. The cases also indicate that KALT can be performed with good long-term survival.

Comparison of Air-charged Catheter and Water-filled Catheter in Female Urethral Pressure Profile.

OBJECTIVE: To compared the maximum urethral pressure (Pura@max) and functional urethral length (FUL) obtained with water-filled catheters and air-charged catheters during female urethral pressure profile (UPP) in a retrospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and five female patients were enrolled in our investigation. At Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, patients who had lower urinary tract dysfunction underwent UPP using a modified UPP equipment. In one UPP, both a water-filled catheter (WFC) and an air-charged catheter (ACC) were employed simultaneously. The paired t test was used to compare the differences between the two systems. Bias and correlations between the two systems were analyzed according to the American Clinical and Laboratory Standardization Institute (CLSI) EP9-A3 recommendations. RESULTS: There were 105 female participants in this study. The patients were 55.5 ± 14.2years old on average. By using the ACC and WFC systems, the mean FUL was determined to be 39.7 ± 16.2 mm and 33.9 ± 13.9 mm, respectively. The FUL findings of two systems differed significantly from one another (P < .01), and a linear fit with R2 = 0.94 indicates a strong linear correlation. The findings of the maximum urethral pressure (Pura@max) measurements made by the ACC and WFC systems, respectively, were 134.3 ± 39.1cmH2O and 99.2 ± 27.6cmH2O, are substantially different (P < .01), and the linear fit R2 = 0.67. The Pura@max of two systems did not linearly correlate with one another. CONCLUSION: For UPP, ACCs often provide higher readings than WFCs, and there is a significant difference in the readings between the two systems. The pressure values derived from the two systems do not correlate, although the FUL does have a significant linear correlation. Results from the ACC and WFC cannot be used interchangeably.