Efficacy and immunogenicity of AS04-HPV-16/18 vaccine in females with existing cervical HR-HPV infection at first vaccination: A pooled analysis of four large clinical trials worldwide.

Females with existing high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections remain at risk of subsequent multiple or recurrent infections, on which benefit from HPV vaccines was under-reported. We pooled individual-level data from four large-scale, RCTs of AS04-HPV-16/18 vaccine to evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity in females DNA-positive to any HR-HPV types at first vaccination. Females receiving the AS04-HPV-16/18 vaccine in the original RCTs constituted the vaccine group in the present study, while those unvaccinated served as the control group. Vaccine efficacy (VE) against new infections and associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ in females DNA-negative to the considered HR-HPV type but positive to any other HR-HPV types, VE against reinfections in females DNA-positive to the considered HR-HPV type but cleared naturally during later follow-up, and levels of anti-HPV-16/18 IgG were assessed. Our final analyses included 5137 females (vaccine group = 2532, control group = 2605). The median follow-up time was 47.88 months (IQR: 45.72-50.04). For the prevention of precancerous lesions related to the non-infected HR-HPV types at baseline, VE against HPV-16/18 related CIN 2+ was 82.70% (95% CI: 63.70-93.00%). For the prevention of reinfections related to the infected HR-HPV types following natural clearance, VE against HPV-16/18 12MPI was non-significant (p > .05), albeit robust immunity persisted for at least 48 months. Females with existing HR-HPV infections at first vaccination still benefit from vaccination in preventing precancers related to the non-infected types at baseline. VE against reinfections related to the infected types following natural clearance remains to be further investigated.

Controllable Strategy for Metal-Organic Framework Light-Driven [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions via Solvent-Assisted Linker Exchange.

Flexible olefinic trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene linkers were postsynthetically introduced into the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) containing parallel rigid 4,4'-bipyridine linkers with a spacing of less than 4.2 Å by the linker exchange strategy, and then, the MOF satisfied Schmidt criteria could be obtained. Eventually, MOF products connected by cyclobutane derivatives were formed by the photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction under UV irradiation.

Comparative performance evaluation of different HPV tests and triaging strategies using self-samples and feasibility assessment of thermal ablation in 'colposcopy and treat' approach: A population-based study in rural China.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) test, self-sampling and thermal ablation for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) have been developed separately to increase screening coverage and treatment compliance of cervical cancer screening programmes. A large-scale study in rural China screened 9,526 women with their combinations to explore the optimal cervical cancer-screening cascade in the real-world. Participants received careHPV and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) HPV tests on self-collected samples. Women positive on either HPV test underwent colposcopy, biopsy and thermal ablation in a single visit. Samples positive on either HPV test were retested for genotyping. Absolute and relative performance of HPV tests, triage strategies, 'colposcopy and thermal ablation' approach were statistically evaluated. PCR HPV test detected 33.3% more CIN grade two or worse (CIN2+) at a cost of 28.1% more colposcopies compared to careHPV. Sensitivities of PCR HPV and careHPV tests to detect CIN2+ were 96.7 and 72.5%. Specificities for the same disease outcome were 82.1 and 86.0%. Triaging HPV-positive women with HPV16/18 genotyping considerably improved the positive predictive value for CIN2+ (4.8-5.0 to 18.2-19.2%). Ninety-six women positive on HPV and having abnormal colposcopy were eligible for thermal ablation and all accepted same-day treatment, contributing to 64.6% being treated appropriately (CIN1+ on histopathology), which reached up to 84.8% among women positive on HPV 16/18 triage. No serious side-effects/complications were reported. The combination of PCR HPV test followed by HPV 16/18 triaging on self-collected samples and colposcopy of triage positive women followed by immediate thermal ablation might be the appropriate screening cascade for rural China.

Eight-type human papillomavirus E6/E7 oncoprotein detection as a novel and promising triage strategy for managing HPV-positive women.

The management of HPV-positive women becomes particularly crucial in cervical cancer screening. Here we assessed whether detection of E6 or E7 oncoproteins targeting eight most prevalent HPV types could serve as a promising triage option. Women (N = 1,416) aged 50-60 from Shanxi, China underwent screening with HPV testing and liquid-based cytology (LBC), with any positive results referring to colposcopy and biopsy if necessary. Women with HPV-positive results received further tests using DNA-based genotyping, E6 or E7 oncoprotein detection targeting HPV16/18 (for short: E6 (16/18) Test) or HPV16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58 (for short: E6/E7 (8 types) Test), respectively. Among HPV-positive women, E6/E7 (8 types) oncoproteins had lower positivity (17.37%) compared to DNA-based genotyping for same eight types (58.30%) and LBC with ASC-US threshold (50.97%); HPV16 was the genotype showing the highest frequency (8.49%) for oncoprotein detection followed by HPV52 (3.47%), 58 (2.32%), 33 (1.54%), 18 (1.16%), 45 (0.77%), 35 (0.39%) and 31 (0%). For detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grade 3 or higher (CIN3+), E6/E7 (8 types) Test had similar sensitivity (100.00%) and superior specificity (85.94%) as well as positive predictive value (PPV, 22.22%) compared to both LBC and DNA-based genotyping (8 types); For detection of CIN2+, E6/E7 (8 types) Test was less sensitive (67.74%) but still more specific (89.47%) and risk predictive with PPV of 46.67%. Notably, E6/E7 (8 types) Test remarkably decreased the number of colposcopies needed to detect one CIN2+ and CIN3+ (2.14 and 4.50). E6/E7 oncoprotein detection showed a good "trade-off" between sensitivity and specificity with more efficient colposcopy referrals, which is of great importance to maximize the benefits of HPV-based screening program, especially applicable for the areas with high HPV prevalence and low-resources.

Training Future Leaders: Experience from China-ASEAN Cancer Control Training Program.

Cancer care professionals are pivotal in translating the knowledge into action in the continuum of cancer control process. Unfortunately, in China and the Association of South-east Asian Nations (ASEAN), limited training opportunities are available for health professionals in the area of cancer prevention and control. Therefore, the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CICAMS), and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) collaboratively designed and held the China-ASEAN Cancer Control and Prevention Training Program to provide continuing education opportunities for cancer professionals from China and ASEAN countries. The aim of this article is to report on the effectiveness and quality of the program and share our experience. A total of 36 participants from 12 countries completed the whole course including 1-month online learning and 1-week face-to-face workshop and cancer control facility tour in October 2017. After completion of the program, all participants were invited to fill out a questionnaire and to provide their comments on the training course. Out of 36 participants, 33 completed the evaluation form and they rated the training course highly in terms of satisfaction, value, and likelihood of recommending it to other colleagues. Additionally, all participants provided very detailed and practical comments on the course. Such an intensive, short-term, and comprehensive training program is expected to help participants establish a broader view of cancer prevention and control within the wider health services and be involved in national cancer control programs in a more efficient way. This training course could serve as a model for other institutes dedicated to nurturing future leaders in cancer control.

Durability of clinical performance afforded by self-collected HPV testing: A 15-year cohort study in China.

OBJECTIVE: Self-collected HPV testing could substantially reduce disparities in cervical cancer screening, with slightly lower sensitivity compared to physician-collected specimens cross-sectionally. We aimed to evaluate the comprehensive long-term performance of self-collected HPV testing prospectively. METHODS: In 1999, 1997 women were screened by HPV testing on self-collected and physician-collected samples, cytology and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and followed up in 2005, 2010 and 2014, respectively. HPV testing was performed with Hybrid Capture II. Prospective performance, baseline clinical efficiency, and 15-year cumulative risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) were analyzed. RESULTS: Self-collected HPV testing prospectively detected 83.3% (95% CI:74.9%,89.3%), 70.3% (95% CI:62.5%,77.2%) and 63.3% (95% CI:55.7%, 70.2%) of cumulative CIN2+ at 6-year, 11-year and 15-year follow-up, respectively. Relative cumulative sensitivity of physician-collected HPV testing versus self-collected HPV testing was stable over 15 years at about 1.16. Cumulative sensitivity of self-collected HPV testing was comparable to cytology and significantly higher than VIA. Among women positive by self-collected HPV testing at baseline, 26.2% (95% CI:21.5%, 30.9%) developed CIN2+ during 6-year follow-up and no difference was observed with physician-collected HPV testing even 15 years after baseline. Negative self-collected HPV results provided greater protection against CIN2+ than VIA and ascertained CIN2+ cumulative incident rates as low as 1.1% at the 6-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Self-collected HPV testing demonstrates lower sensitivity than physician-collected HPV testing but performs comparably to cytology prospectively and provides satisfactory assurance against CIN2+, indicating an alternative role in cervical cancer primary screening with five-year interval as an option especially in low-resource settings.

An Insight into Glyco-Microheterogeneity of Plasma von Willebrand Factor by Mass Spectrometry.

Human plasma von Willebrand Factor (VWF) plays essential roles in primary hemostasis in cooperation with other coagulations factors. There is ample indication that glycosylation affects many biological phases during the protein life cycle. However, comprehensive characterization of all probable N-glycosites simultaneous with O-glycosites is still not fully revealed. Thus, the intention of this exploration was to estimate the occupancy of all canonical N-glycosites besides simultaneous characterization of N- and O-glycoforms. An RP-LC-MS/MS system functionalized with CID and HCD tandem mass was utilized to analyze VWF. N-Glycosite occupancy varied along the protein backbone chain. Out of 257 HCD spectra, 181 characterized glycoforms were specified as either N- or O-glycosites. Sequential cleavage of glycosidic bonds along with Human Database mass matching have confirmed the glycoform structures. A total of 173 glycoforms represented most commonly biantennary and infrequently tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans beside high mannose, hybrid, ABH antigen-terminated, and sulfated N-glycans. Many glycoforms were common across all N-sites. Noteworthy, previously unreported N-glycosites within domain D'(TIL'-E') showed glycosylation. Moreover, sialylated core 1 and core 2 O-glycans were detected on 2298T. Given subtle characterization of site-specific glycoforms, we can attain a profound understanding of the biological roles of VWF as well as facilitate the production of VWF-based therapeutics.

[Measurement of mass fraction of Sanjie Zhentong capsules with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy].

Sanjie Zhentong capsules were scanned by using a near infrared spectra probe with different drug mass fraction and the spectral information of capsule shells and contents in it were obtained. Then partial least squares (PLS) models were developed for the prediction of mass fraction of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus and Resine draconis in Sanjie Zhentong capsules. The correlation coefficient (r9c)) and root mean standard error( RMSEC) of 0.949 5, 0.958 2 and 4.742 4, 4.135 7. The models obtained correlation coefficient (r(v)) of 0.919 2, 0.936 7 and root mean square error (RMSECV) of 6.158 9, 5.037 3 respectively in the training set. The paired T test analysis of statistics showed that there were no significant difference between predictive values and measure values. The established models reflected a strong prediction performance and can meet the needs of the production.

Characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes: A retrospective analysis in a cohort of Chinese patients.

We retrospectively analyzed 449 patients with AML under the WHO classification of AML 2008 and probed implications of this classification in diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) among them. The clinical presentations, biological features, treatments, and prognosis of patients diagnosed with AML-MRC were analyzed and compared with those of AML not otherwise specified (AML-NOS). In all patients, 115 (25.6%) were diagnosed as AML-MRC including 64 males and 51 females with median onset age of 48 years (range from 17 to 78). Their complete remission (CR) rate was 60.9% and relapse rate was 57.1%. The observed median overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 10 and 5 months, respectively, which was significantly shorter than those of AML-NOS patients (P < 0.05). The prognosis of AML-MRC patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-related cytogenetics sole was similar to those with history of MDS or myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN). Patients with MDS-related cytogenetic abnormalities and/or history of MDS or MDS/MPN predisposed significantly shortened CR, OS, and DFS than AML-MRC patients with only multilineage dysplasia (MLD) and AML-NOS patients (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age, cytogenetics, and history of MDS or MDS/MPN were independent prognostic factors. Patient diagnosed as AML-MRC presented distinctive clinical and biological features. Presence of MLD does not change the prognosis.

A new series of HAPs as anti-HBV agents targeting at capsid assembly.

A series of novel Heteroaryldihydropyrimidines (HAPs) derivatives were designed and synthesized as potent inhibitors of HBV capsid assembly. These compounds were prepared from efforts to optimize an earlier series of HAPs, and compounds Mo1, Mo7, Mo8, Mo10, Mo12, and Mo13 demonstrated potent inhibition of HBV DNA replication at submicromolar range.

[Analysis of molecular subtypes and microflora structure of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in Jiangxi province].

OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular subtypes and microflora structure of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) strains isolated in Jiangxi province. METHODS: A total of 123 Nm strains separately isolated from patients, close contacts and health people in 1976-1987 and 2005-2008 were investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and PorA subtyping, to test the characteristics of gene Nm and sequence porA. Minimum spanning tree was constructed by using BioNumerics software based on data of MLST; and the microflora structure was then analyzed. RESULTS: The serogroups of 67 Nm strains isolated in 1976-1987 included group A (43 strains), group B (18 strains), group C (1 strains) and group W135 (5 strains); while the serogroups of 56 Nm strains isolated in 2005-2008 included group A (3 strains), group B (7 strains), group C (45 strains) and 1 ungrouped strain. The total 123 Nm strains could be divided into 40 MLST types; while the 46 strains in group A could be divided into 14 MLST types, 29 out of which belonged to ST-3 type, accounting for 63.0% (29/46) as the dominant type. All of the 29 strains were isolated between 1976 and 1987, while 14 strains were isolated from patients, 9 were from close contacts and 6 were from health people. The 46 strains in group C could be divided into 5 MLST types, 41 out of which belonged to ST-4821 type, accounting for 89.1% (41/46). All of the strains were isolated between 2005 and 2008, 6 strains were isolated from patients, 6 were from close contacts and 29 were from health people. The porA gene of the total 123 Nm strains were classified to 32 different types, including 24 different VR1 types and 22 different VR2 types. The dominant PorA type of the prevalent strain (ST-3 type, group A) between 1976 and 1987 was P1.7-1, 10, accounting for 39.1% (18/46) of the strains in group A; while the 18 strains were isolated from 11 patients, 4 close contacts and 3 health people. The dominant PorA type of the prevalent strain (ST-4821 type, group C) between 2005 and 2008 was P1.20, 9, accounting for 46.3% (19/41) of the ST-4821 strains in group C; while the 19 strains were isolated from 1 close contacts and 18 health people. P1.7-2, 14 dominated since 2006, including 22 strains, accounting for 53.7% (22/41) of the ST-4821 strains in group C, isolated from 6 patients, 5 close contacts and 11 health people. There were no dominant PorA type found in group B and all the 5 strains in group W135 belonged to ST-174 and the PorA type was P1.21, 16, isolating from 3 close contacts and 2 health people between 1979 and 1980. CONCLUSION: Nm isolated in Jiangxi province showed significant gene polymorphism, as well as predominant lineages existing. In different periods, the prevalent lineages varied a lot, as translating from serogroup A: ST-3:P1.7-1, 10 to serogroup C: ST-4821:P1.7-2, 14 nowadays.

[A retrospective cohort study of risk factors for prevalence of implant biological complications].

PURPOSE: To analyze the risk factors of biological complications after implant-fixed denture restoration. METHODS: Seven hundred and twenty-five implants were placed between March 2012 and March 2016. Follow-up period was 5 to 9 years. The implant mucosal index (IMI) and implant marginal bone loss (MBL) were measured at 3 months-1 year, 2-3 years, 4-5 years, 6-7 years and 8-9 years after restoration. The prevalence and risk factors of peri-implantitis and mucositis were analyzed. SPSS 28.0 software package was used to analyze the date. RESULTS: The implant survival rate of 5 years was 98.7%. The prevalence of mucositis and peri-implantitis were 37.5% and 8.3% at 8 to 9 years. Smoking, periodontitis, narrow diameter, rough neck , anterior location, bone augmentation caused higher prevalence of peri-implantitis or mucositis (P＜0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking, periodontitis, implant diameter, implant design, implant location and bone augmentation are the risk factors of implant biological complications.

Calcium-Zinc Phosphate Chemical Conversion Coating Facilitates the Osteointegration of Biodegradable Zinc Alloy Implants by Orchestrating Macrophage Phenotype.

Zinc (Zn) alloys provide a new generation for orthopedic applications due to their essential physiological effects and promising degradation properties. However, excessive release of Zn ions (Zn2+ ) during degradation and the severe inflammatory microenvironment are not conducive to osseointegration, which is determined by the characteristics of the implant surface. Therefore, it is essential to modulate the release rate of Zn alloys by surface modification technology and endow them with anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects. In this study, two kinds of phosphate chemical conversion (PCC) coatings with different compositions and morphological structures are prepared, namely Zn-P (with disk-like crystals) and Ca-Zn-P (with lamellar crystals). Although all the PCC-coated Zn implants have low cytotoxicity, Ca-Zn-P show better osteoimmunomodulation effects in several aspects: the induction of the M2-phenotype macrophage polarization and thus promotion of osteogenesis in vitro; the regulation of the bone immune microenvironment which is conducive to tissue regeneration and osseointegration in vivo; and the release of ions (through PI3K/AKT and Wnt signaling pathways) and the morphological structures (through RhoGTPase signaling pathways) act as possible mechanisms of M2 polarization. The Ca-Zn-P coating can be considered to provide new insights into bone immunomodulation and osseointegration.

Facile and economical synthesis of an electrochromic copolymer for black based on electropolymerization of thiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene.

We report the facile and economical synthesis of an electrochromic copolymer for black based on electrochemical copolymerization of thiophene and 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. The resultant copolymer presents multicolor electrochromism with reversible color change between drab color and blue black. Furthermore, in the polar state the resultant copolymer shows strong and broad absorption in the whole visible region and then exhibits black color. The copolymer presents a transmittance variation of 25% at 522 nm, and corresponding response times for bleaching and coloration are 4.2 and 3.3 s, respectively. Good electrochemical stability can be achieved by the copolymer film, which retains 87% of its original electroactivity after 2000 cycles.

Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of an Escherichia coli-produced Human Papillomavirus (16 and 18) L1 virus-like-particle vaccine: end-of-study analysis of a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: This Escherichia coli-produced bivalent HPV 16 and 18 vaccine was well tolerated and effective against HPV 16 and 18 associated high-grade genital lesions and persistent infection in interim analysis of this phase 3 trial. We now report data on long-term efficacy and safety after 66 months of follow-up. METHODS: This phase 3, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial was done in five study sites in China. Eligible participants were women aged 18-45 years, with intact cervix and 1-4 lifetime sexual partners. Women who were pregnant or breastfeeding, had chronic disease or immunodeficiency, or had HPV vaccination history were excluded. Women were stratified by age (18-26 and 27-45 years) and randomly (1:1) allocated by software (block randomisation with 12 codes to a block) to receive three doses of the E coli-produced HPV 16 and 18 vaccine or hepatitis E vaccine (control) and followed-up for 66 months. The primary outcomes were high-grade genital lesions and persistent infection (longer than 6 months) associated with HPV 16 or 18 in the per-protocol susceptible population. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01735006. FINDINGS: Between Nov 22, 2012, and April 1, 2013, 8827 women were assessed for eligibility. 1455 women were excluded, and 7372 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive the HPV vaccine (n=3689) or control (n=3683). Vaccine efficacy was 100·0% (95% CI 67·2-100·0) against high-grade genital lesions (0 [0%] of 3310 participants in the vaccine group and 13 [0·4%] of 3302 participants in the control group) and 97·3% (89·9-99·7) against persistent infection (2 [0·1%] of 3262 participants in the vaccine group and 73 [2·2%] of 3271 participants in the control group) in the per-protocol population. Serious adverse events occurred at a similar rate between vaccine (267 [7·2%] of 3691 participants) and control groups (290 [7·9%] of 3681); none were considered related to vaccination. INTERPRETATION: The E coli-produced HPV 16 and 18 vaccine was well tolerated and highly efficacious against HPV 16 and 18 associated high-grade genital lesions and persistent infection and would supplement the global HPV vaccine availability and accessibility for cervical cancer prevention. FUNDING: National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key R&D Program of China, Fujian Provincial Project, Fundamental Funds for the Central Universities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences, and Xiamen Innovax.

Hybrid Nafion Membranes of Ionic Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework Materials for Proton Conduction and PEMFC Applications.

As the high-power density and environmentally friendly energy resources, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have a promising future in portable power generation. Herein, the hybrid Nafion membranes of ionic hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (iHOFs) for PEMFC applications are demonstrated. By adjusting the position of sulfonic groups on naphthalene disulfonic acid compounds, four iHOFs with different types of hydrogen bonds were synthesized successfully based on 1,1'-diamino-4,4'-bipyridylium and naphthalene disulfonic acid. The formation of hydrogen bond interactions between amino and sulfonate groups provides a rich hydrogen bond network, which makes such iHOFs have high conductivity, and the maximum value is 2.76 × 10-3 S·cm-1 at 100 °C and 98% RH. Besides, composite membrane materials were obtained by mixing Nafion and iHOFs, and the maximum proton conductivity values can achieve 1.13 × 10-2 S·cm-1 for 6%-iHOF-3/Nafion and 2.87 × 10-3 S·cm-1 for 6%-iHOF-4/Nafion membranes at 100 °C under 98% RH. Through the H2/O2 fuel cell performance test by using iHOF/Nafion as the solid electrolyte, the maximum power and current density values of hybrid membranes are 0.36 W·cm-2 and 1.10 A·cm-2 for 6%-iHOF-3/Nafion and 0.42 W·cm-2 and 1.20 A·cm-2 for 6%-iHOF-4/Nafion at 80 °C and 100% RH. This work provides a practicable approach for establishing high-performance proton exchange hybrid membranes by doping high proton-conducting iHOFs into the Nafion matrix.

Production, immobilization and characterization of beta-glucosidase for application in cellulose degradation from a novel Aspergillus versicolor.

Beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) catalyzes the hydrolysis of cellobiose and cellooligosaccharides containing (1 â†’ 4)-beta-glycosidic bonds to glucose, which is crucial in cellulosic ethanol production. In this study, Aspergillus versicolor, a novel highly productive beta-glucosidase strain, was first isolated from Camptotheca acuminata seeds. The highest beta-glucosidase activity with 812.86 U/mL was obtained by using the response surface methodology, and a 14.4-fold has increased compared to the control. The beta-glucosidase was then purified to homogeneity with recovery yield and specific activity of 25.98% and 499.15 U/mg, respectively. To enhance its stability and recyclability, the purified beta-glucosidase was first immobilized onto magnetic MnO2 by electrostatic adsorption. The immobilized materials were characterized by FR-IT, TEM and FE-SEM. Compared with the free beta-glucosidase, the immobilized enzyme exhibited enhanced thermal stability (1.5-fold raise in half-life at 50 °C), and reusability (holding over 60% activity after eight cycles), besides, the optimum pH has increased to 6.0. Substrate specificity research suggested that the enzyme had high hydrolytic activity on cellobiose. It also had a hydrolysis effect on (1 â†’ 3) and (1 â†’ 6)-beta-glycosidic linkages. Application trials in cellulose hydrolysis revealed that the immobilized enzyme was comparatively more effective. Our results suggested this novel immobilized beta-glucosidase makes a promising alternative for the cellulosic ethanol production.

Cationic Nonporous Macrocyclic Organic Compounds for Multimedia Iodine Capture.

Over the past two decades, progress in chemistry has generated various types of porous materials for removing iodine (129 I or 131 I) that can be formed during nuclear energy generation or nuclear waste storage. However, most studies for iodine capture are based on the weak host-guest interactions of the porous materials. Here, we present two cationic nonporous macrocyclic organic compounds, namely, MOC-1 and MOC-2, in which 6I- and 8I- were as counter anions, for highly efficient iodine capture. MOC-1 and MOC-2 were formed by reacting 1,1'-diamino-4,4'-bipyridylium di-iodide with 1,2-diformylbenzene or 1,3-diformylbenzene, respectively. The presence of a large number of I- anions results in high I2 affinity with uptake capacities up to 2.15 g ⋅ g-1 for MOC-1 and 2.25 g ⋅ g-1 for MOC-2.

Effect of Sequential Rounds of Cervical Cancer Screening on Management of HPV-positive Women: A 15-year Population-based Cohort Study from China.

Women are anticipated to go through more than two rounds of cervical screening in their lifetime. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is increasingly used as the primary cervical cancer screening test. However, triage strategies for HPV-positive women were usually evaluated at baseline screening. We assessed the effect of sequential rounds of cervical screening on several algorithms for HPV triage. A total of 1,997 women ages 35-45 years were enrolled in 1999 in Shanxi, P.R. China and followed up three times at approximately 5-year intervals. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) prevalence by prior HPV results and performance of 12 triage algorithms with cytology, genotyping, and prior HPV were examined among 229 HPV-positive women at the fourth round. CIN2+ prevalence varied from 56.5% (95% confidence interval, 36.8%-74.4%) following 15 years HPV persistence to 3.5% (1.2%-9.9%) with an incident HPV within 15 years. Triage with cytology (with threshold of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) yielded positive predictive value (PPV) of 21.4% (13.8%-29.0%), entailing immediate colposcopic referral, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.4% (94.6%-100%), permitting retesting at short intervals. Triage with genotyping (16/18/31/33/45/52/58) or prior HPV results showed comparable performance with cytology. Among 11 triage algorithms with similar NPV to cytology, triage with prior HPV results and reflex genotyping (16/18) achieved highest PPV of 28.9% (18.8%-39.1%) and lowest colposcopy referral of 33.2% (27.4%-39.5%). HPV persistence across rounds is an effective risk stratifier in HPV-positive women. Mainstream cytology and genotyping, with or without consideration of prior HPV results, remain effective for HPV triage at fourth round. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: The study highlights the sustained effectiveness of mainstream HPV triage methods, such as cytology and genotyping, after sequential rounds of cervical screening. It also suggests that use of HPV persistence across rounds can improve management of HPV-positive women in cervical cancer screening.

Comprehensive N- and O-glycosylation mapping of human coagulation factor V.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Coagulation factor V (FV), a multidomain glycoprotein, is an essential cofactor in the blood clotting cascade. FV deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder that results in poor clotting after an injury or surgery. The only treatment for the disease is infusions of fresh frozen plasma and blood platelets. Glycosylation affects the biological activity, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and in vivo clearance rate of proteins in the plasma. The glycan profile of FV, as well as how it affects the activity, stability, and immunogenicity, remains unknown. METHODS: In this study, we comprehensively mapped the glycosylation patterns of human plasma-derived FV by combining multienzyme digestion, hydrophilic interaction chromatography enrichment of glycopeptides, and alternated fragmentation mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: A total of 57 unique N-glycopeptides and 51 O-glycopeptides were identified, which were categorized into 40 N-glycan and 17 O-glycan compositions. Such glycosylation details are fundamental for future functional studies and therapeutics development. In addition, the established methodology can be readily applied to analyze glycosylation patterns of proteins with more than 2000 amino acids.