Stent insertion for malignant superior vena cava syndrome: effectiveness and long-term outcome.

PURPOSE: To determine the clinical effectiveness and long-term outcome of stent insertion for malignant superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2010 to April 2016, 47 patients with malignant SVC syndrome were treated with stent insertion in our center. Data regarding the technical success, clinical success, and long-term outcome were collected and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: SVC stent insertion was successfully performed in all patients. A total of 65 stents were used. No procedure-related complication occurred in these patients. The mean SVC pressure gradient decreased from 17.8 mmHg before stent insertion to 7.6 mmHg after stent insertion (P < 0.001). Clinical success was 100%. During a mean follow-up period of 6 months (range 10 days-13 months), 25 patients underwent subsequent anti-cancer treatment. Six patients (12.8%) experienced re-obstruction of stent 1 to 189 days (median 76 days) after stent insertion. All patients died during the follow-up. The median stent patency time and survival were 339 and 167 days, respectively. The cumulative 3-, 6-, and 12-month stent patency rates were 93.4, 87.4, and 81.2%, respectively. The cumulative 3-, 6-, and 12-month survival rates were 83, 38.3, and 2.1%, respectively. The independent predictors of prolonging survival after stent insertion were lower tumor stage (P = 0.018) and subsequent anti-cancer treatment after stent insertion (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Stent insertion is a simple, safe, and effective method for patients with malignant SVC syndrome. Subsequent anti-cancer treatment after stent insertion may increase the survival.

I-125 seeds with chemotherapy for progressive non-small-cell lung cancer after first-line treatment: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Continuing therapy for aggressive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after first-line treatment (FLT) is challenging. The clinical efficacy of second-line chemotherapy (SLCT) for progressive NSCLC is limited. In this meta-analysis, we aim to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the combination of I-125 seeds brachytherapy (ISB) and SLCT in progressive NSCLC after FLT. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were screened for relevant publications until September 2021. Meta-analyses are conducted by RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis encompassed 6 studies (4 retrospective studies and 2 randomized controlled trials), which included 272 patients that underwent ISB with SLCT (combined group) and 257 patients that received SLCT alone (chemotherapy alone group). The complete response (24.7% vs. 7.0%, P < 0.00001), treatment response (65.7% vs. 38.1%, P = 0.0002), and disease control (95.2% vs. 80.4%, P < 0.00001) rates are markedly elevated for patients receiving combined therapy versus those receiving chemotherapy alone. Moreover, pooled progression-free survival (P = 0.0001) and overall survival (P < 0.00001) were remarkably extended for patients that received the combination therapy, while no obvious differences were detected in the pooled myelosuppression (39.0% vs. 30.6%, P = 0.05) and gastrointestinal response (38.5% vs. 35.9%, P = 0.52) rates between 2 groups. Significant heterogeneity was found in the endpoints of the treatment response and progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis demonstrated that ISB could enhance the clinical efficacy of SLCT in patients with progressive NSCLC after FLT without inducing major toxic side effects.

Stenting with high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for distal biliary obstruction caused by pancreatic carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Between 42% and 77% of patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) suffer from pancreatic carcinoma (PC). Aim: To analyse the clinical efficacy of stenting accompanied by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation in patients with distal MBO from PC. Material and methods: Relevant articles published through March 2021 were identified in the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang, VIP, and CNKI databases. RevMan v5.3 and Stata v12.0 were used for the meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-nine articles were initially identified, and 5 of these were eventually included. These articles described 142 patients who underwent biliary stenting alone and 132 patients who underwent biliary stenting with HIFU ablation. The pooled Δ total bilirubin (TBIL) values were comparable between the 2 treatment groups (p = 0.10). The pooled stent dysfunction rate was significantly greater in the group with stenting alone (p = 0.03), and the pooled HR for the stent patency duration indicated that the duration of stent patency was increased in the stenting with HIFU ablation group (p < 0.0001). Overall survival rates were significantly longer in the stenting with HIFU ablation group (p < 0.0001). HIFU ablation was associated with an 80% pooled clinical response rate. The pooled cholangitis (p = 0.47) and pancreatitis (p = 0.56) rates were comparable between the 2 groups. Funnel plots did not reveal any significant evidence of endpoint-associated publication bias. Conclusions: Stenting with HIFU ablation increased both stent patency and overall survival in patients with distal MBO caused by PC compared to stenting alone.

Covered vs bare stent for distal malignant biliary obstruction due to primary common biliary cancer.

ABSTRACT: This study was designed as a means of comparing the clinical efficacy and long-term outcomes of covered vs bare stent insertion as a treatment for distal malignant biliary obstruction (DMBO) caused by primary common biliary cancer (PCBC).This retrospective study was designed using data collected between January 2012 and December 2019 to assess the short- and long-term outcomes in patients with DMBO caused by PCBC treated by inserting either bare or covered stents were compared.Ninety two patients with DMBO caused by PCBC were divided between bare (n = 51) or covered (n = 41) stent groups. Technical success rates in both groups were 100%. Clinical success of bare vs covered stent use were 96.1% and 97.6% (P = 1.00). Stent dysfunction was seen in 17 and 6 patients in the bare and covered stent groups, respectively (P = .04). The median stent patency for bare and covered stents was 177 and 195 days, respectively (P = .51). The median survival was 188 and 200 days in the bare and covered stent groups, respectively (P = .85).For patients with DMBO caused by PCBC, using bare vs covered stents yields similar clinical efficacy and long term outcomes.

Unilateral Versus Side-By-Side Metal Stenting for Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction: A Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: The present meta-analysis was designed to compare the relative clinical efficacy of unilateral and side-by-side metal stenting for the treatment of malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). Materials and Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify all relevant studies published as of May 2020. This meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan v5.3, and relevant endpoint data pertaining to rates of technical and clinical success, overall survival, complications, and stent dysfunction were extracted from all studies. Results: In total, we identified seven relevant studies that were included in the present meta-analysis, with these studies including 683 total MHBO patients who were treated via either unilateral (n = 366) or side-by-side bilateral (n = 317) metal stenting. We observed no significant differences between these two groups with respect to technical success rates (odds ratio [OR]: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40-1.63, P = .56) or overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.83-1.28, P = .79). However, the side-by-side group exhibited significantly higher clinical success (OR: 3.56; 95% CI: 1.62-7.82, P = .002) and stent patency (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.16-2.61, P = .007) rates, whereas complication rates trended toward being lower in the unilateral group (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.30-1.00, P = .05). No significant heterogeneity among included studies was detected for any of these endpoints. Conclusion: These results suggest that side-by-side metal stenting can yield better clinical success rates and a reduced incidence of stent dysfunction compared with unilateral stenting in MHBO patients.

Stent insertion with high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for malignant biliary obstruction: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis was conducted in order to understand the clinical efficacy of stent insertion with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). METHODS: The Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for all relevant studies published through July 2020. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan v5.3, with analyzed study endpoints including the rate of stent dysfunction, time to stent dysfunction, stent patency, complication rate, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: In total, 35 potentially relevant studies were initially identified, of which 6 were ultimately included in the present meta-analysis. These 6 studies included 429 MBO patients that were treated either only via stenting (n = 221) or via stenting in combination with HIFU ablation (n = 208). Pooled stent dysfunction rates in the stent and stent with HIFU groups were 25.9% and 18.0%, respectively (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 0.88, 2.84, P = .12). The average time to stent dysfunction was significantly longer in the stent with HIFU group relative to the stent group (MD: -3.15; 95% CI: -3.53, -2.77, P < .0001). Pooled complication rates in the stent and stent with HIFU groups were 17.1% and 19.6%, respectively (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.49, 1.58, P = .67). Stent patency and OS were both significantly longer in the stent with HIFU group relative to the stent group (P < .0001 and.0001, respectively). Funnel plot analyses did not reveal any significant evidence of publication bias linked to the selected study endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis found that a combined stenting and HIFU ablation approach can achieve better stent patency and OS in MBO patients relative to stent insertion alone.

Percutaneous metal stenting for malignant hilar biliary obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of unilateral versus bilateral stenting.

The purpose of this study is to assess the relative clinical efficacy of treating malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) via percutaneous unilateral or bilateral metal stenting. Relevant articles up to December 2019 were identified within the Web of science, Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Stent dysfunction served as the primary endpoint, while we assessed technical success, clinical success, early and late complication incidence, and overall survival as secondary outcomes. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for dichotomous variables. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI were determined for overall survival. This meta-analysis included seven studies. Six studies were non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one study was a RCT. A total of 888 MHBO patients underwent either percutaneous unilateral (n = 376) or bilateral (n = 512) metal stenting in these seven studies. We detected no significant differences in stent dysfunction rates (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.67, 1.41, P = 0.89), technical success rates (OR 1.10; 95% CI 0.53, 2.29, P = 0.81), clinical success rates (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.43, 1.22, P = 0.22), early complication rates (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.34, 1.98, P = 0.66), late complication rates (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.29, 2.63, P = 0.81), or overall survival (HR: 0.99; 95% CI 0.83, 1.17, P = 0.88) between unilateral and bilateral groups. Funnel plots demonstrated no obvious publication bias of these primary and secondary endpoints. From a clinical perspective, percutaneous unilateral and bilateral metal stenting are similarly effective for treatment of patients with MHBO.

Case Control Study on Radioactive Stents Versus Conventional Stents for Inoperable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the relative clinical efficacy of radioactive and normal stent insertion for the treatment of inoperable obstructive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OESCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2014 and December 2018, consecutive OESCC patients were treated via either radioactive or normal stent insertion. RESULTS: A total of 42 and 39 OESCC patients were treated via radioactive and normal stent insertion, respectively. These procedures were both technically and clinically successful in all patients. Massive hemorrhage was observed in 7 (16.7%) and 1 (2.6%) patients in radioactive and normal stent groups, respectively (P=0.080). Median stent patency durations were 175 and 136 days in radioactive and normal stent groups, respectively (P=0.004). Median overall survival were 187 and 145 days in the radioactive and normal stent groups, respectively (P=0.011). CONCLUSION: Relative to normal stent, radioactive stents showed a higher patency and overall survival in OESCC patients.

Preoperative Colonic Decompression With Decompression Tube Insertion Versus Stent Insertion in Patients With Malignant Left Colonic Obstruction.

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical effectiveness of preoperative colonic decompression (PCD) performed with stent or decompression tube insertion in patients with malignant left colonic obstruction (MLCO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2014 and September 2018, 63 patients with MLCO underwent PCD (decompression tube: 35; stent: 28) in our center. Elective surgery was performed for patients with clinical success of PCD. RESULTS: The rates of technical success for PCD with tube and stent insertion were 91.4% (32/35) and 96.4% (27/28), respectively (P=0.773). Clinical success rates for PCD with tube and stent insertion were 90.6% (29/32) and 85.2% (23/27), respectively (P=0.811). Tumor resection with primary anastomosis was performed in all patients with clinical success in both groups. No significant differences were found between 2 groups regarding the duration of surgery and rates of postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Decompression tube and stent insertion had similar effectiveness for PCD in patients with MLCO.

Radioactive Stent Insertion for Inoperable Malignant Common Biliary Obstruction.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy and long-term outcomes of radioactive stent insertion in patients with malignant common biliary obstruction (MCBO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted at a single-center. Consecutive patients with MCBO were treated by normal or radioactive stent insertion between January 2014 and December 2019. The baseline data, instant efficacy records, and the long-term outcome results of these 2 groups were compared. RESULTS: During the experimental duration, at our center 71 patients with inoperable MCBO underwent normal (n=40) or radioactive (n=31) stent insertion. Rates of technical success of normal and radioactive stent insertions were both 100%. No patients exhibited procedure-related complications. All patients achieved improvements in their liver functions at 2 weeks after stent insertion. Stent dysfunction was recorded in 11 and 6 patients from the normal and radioactive stent groups, respectively (P=0.425). The median stent patency was 165 and 222 days with the normal and radioactive stents, respectively (P<0.001). All patients died due to tumor progression at the follow-up. Patients survived for a respective median of 182 and 242 days in the normal and radioactive stent groups (P<0.001). The complication rates were comparable between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Radioactive stent insertion may provide longer patency and overall survival in those exhibiting inoperable MCBO than normal stent insertion.

Endovascular stent repair of celiac arterial aneurysm.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of endovascular stent repair of celiac arterial aneurysm (CAA).From January 2015 to December 2018, 11 patients (7 males, 4 females with a mean age of 52.2 ±â€Š7.9 years) underwent endovascular stent repair of CAA in our center. A covered stent was used to occlude the CAA neck. Follow-up was performed 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following surgery and yearly thereafter. Rates of technical success, treatment-related complications, and long-term outcome were analyzed.Each patient was placed with 1 stent for repair of CAA. Stent was placed in the celiac and common hepatic arteries for 10 patients and was placed in the celiac artery for 1 patient. The duration of the procedure ranged from 50 to 75 minutes (mean 63.2 ±â€Š7.2 minutes). The rate of technical success of the endovascular stent repair was 100%. No patient experienced CAA rupture or instant endoleak during or after stent insertion. Abdominal pain was relieved progressively after stent insertion. All patients were followed-up for 6 to 48 months (mean 22.4 ±â€Š10.8 months). All patients were alive during the follow-up. No endoleaks were experienced during follow-up with 100% stent patency rate. No patient suffered splenic, hepatic, or bowel infarction during follow-up.Endovascular stent repair is a safe, simple, and effective treatment for patients with CAA.

Unilateral versus bilateral stent insertion for malignant hilar biliary obstruction.

PURPOSE: To determine the clinical efficiency and long-term outcomes between unilateral and bilateral stent insertion in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction. METHODS: From August 2012 to February 2016, 63 consecutive patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction were treated with unilateral or bilateral stent insertion at our center. The bilateral stents were inserted using the side-by-side technique. The clinical efficiency and long-term outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Unilateral and bilateral stent insertions were successfully performed in 31 of 33 and 27 of 30 patients, respectively (P = 0.912). No procedure-related complication occurred. Clinical success was achieved in 29 of 31 patients in the unilateral stent group and in 26 of 27 patients in the bilateral stent group (P = 0.637). During the follow-up, re-obstruction of stent occurred in five patients in the unilateral stent group and in three patients in the bilateral stent group (P = 0.58). The significant differences were not observed in the stent patency time (368 vs. 387 days, P = 0.685) and survival (200 vs. 198 days, P = 0.751) between two groups. Based on the univariate and multivariate analyses, the independent risk factors for decreasing the survival time included higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (P = 0.018), higher alanine aminotransferase level (P = 0.009), and absence of anticancer treatment after stent insertion (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Compared to bilateral stent insertion for malignant hilar biliary obstruction, unilateral stent insertion can provide comparable clinical efficiency and long-term outcomes.

Palliative Stent Insertion for Acute Malignant Colorectal Obstruction: Long-term Patency and Survival.

PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term outcome of palliative stent insertion for acute malignant colorectal obstruction. METHODS: From May 2009 to February 2015, consecutive patients with acute malignant colorectal obstruction underwent palliative stent insertion in our center. Technical success, clinical success, and long-term outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients with acute malignant colorectal obstruction underwent palliative stent insertion. Technical success was achieved in 42 of 45 patients. Clinical success was achieved in 41 of 42 patients. During a follow-up of 5 days to 25 months (mean, 6.9±4.5 mo), the cumulative 6- and 12-month patency rates were 88.6% and 72.7%, respectively. The cumulative 6- and 12-month survival rates were 60.1% and 14.3%, respectively. The independent predictor of prolonging survival was subsequent chemotherapy after stenting (P=0.017). CONCLUSION: Palliative colorectal stent insertion can provide a good long-term outcome in patients with malignant colorectal obstruction.

Placement of the Decompression Tube as a Bridge to Surgery for Acute Malignant Left-Sided Colonic Obstruction.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of placing the decompression tube as a bridge to surgery for acute malignant left-sided colonic obstruction. METHODS: From January 2009 to August 2014, consecutive patients with acute malignant left-side colonic obstruction underwent placement of the decompression tube as a bridge to surgery in our center. The technical and clinical success of placing the decompression tube was evaluated. Clinical success was defined as relief of obstructive symptoms within 48 h after placing the decompression tube. Elective tumor resection was performed 7-9 days after colonic decompression. The types of surgery, primary anastomosis rate, and follow-up findings were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty patients with acute malignant left-side colonic obstruction underwent placement of the decompression tube as a bridge to surgery. Placement of decompression tube was technically successful in all patients. No procedure-related complication occurred. Clinical success was achieved in 19 patients. Elective tumor resection and primary anastomosis were successfully performed in all 19 patients. The postoperative complications included wound infection (n = 2) and anastomotic stenosis (n = 1). CONCLUSION: Decompression tube can serve as an easy, safe, and effective bridge to subsequent surgery for patients with acute malignant left-sided colonic obstruction.