Optimization of initial dose regimen of tacrolimus in paediatric lung transplant recipients based on Monte Carlo simulation.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVES: The initial tacrolimus dose regimen in paediatric lung transplant recipients is unknown. The present study optimized the initial tacrolimus dose regimen for paediatric lung transplant recipients. METHODS: This study was based on a published population pharmacokinetic model of tacrolimus in lung transplant recipients and used Monte Carlo simulations to recommend an initial dose regimen of tacrolimus in paediatric lung transplant recipients. RESULTS: Without voriconazole, the tacrolimus doses recommended for paediatric lung transplant recipients who were not CYP3A5*1 carriers were 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 mg/kg/day, split into two doses, for weights of 10-16, 16-30, and 30-40 kg, respectively. For paediatric lung transplant recipients who were CYP3A5*1 carriers, the tacrolimus doses of 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 mg/kg/day, split into two doses, were recommended for weights of 10-16, 16-25, 25-30, and 30-40 kg, respectively. With voriconazole, the tacrolimus dose recommended for paediatric lung transplant recipients who were not CYP3A5*1 carriers was 0.02 mg/kg/day, split into two doses, for weights of 10-40 kg. For paediatric lung transplant recipients who were CYP3A5*1 carriers, tacrolimus doses of 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg/day, split and two doses, were recommended for weights of 10-24 and 24-40 kg, respectively. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS: This study developed tacrolimus dose regimens for the first time for paediatric lung transplant recipients using Monte Carlo simulation and optimized initial dosage in paediatric lung transplant recipients.

Determination of carbohydrates by high performance anion chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection in mushrooms.

A method of detecting carbohydrates (fucose, trehalose, mannitol, arabitol, mannose, glucose, galactose, fructose, and ribose) by high-performance anion chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection (HAPEC-PAD) was established. The conditions are: CarboPac MA1 column, NaOH as the eluent, temperature 30°C, Au working electrode, Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and flow rate 0.4 mL/min. These nine analytes, which yielded high resolution by this method, could be detected in 40 minutes. Mushrooms were tested and good precision, stability, and reproducibility were achieved. This method is suitable for mushroom samples and could support research and development on sugar and sugar alcohol, which contains special effects.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis and DNA interaction studies of two new Ru complexes; RuO2 nanoparticles preparation.

AIM: To study of the interactions of two new ruthenium(II) complexes (C1 and C2) with calf thymus (CT)-DNA; production of RuO2 nanoparticles using the complexes precursor. MATERIALS & METHODS: Complex C1 was characterized by x-ray crystallography. The binding of the complexes with (CT)-DNA was studied using techniques that include electronic absorption spectra, fluorescence and redox behavior. The preparation of RuO2 nanoparticles was carried out by thermal decomposition. RESULTS: The interaction mode of DNA with complexes is the type of electrostatic. It was revealed that sonication of the samples, before thermal decomposition, has been affected the morphologies and sizes of the resulting nanoparticles. CONCLUSION: The complexes are capable of interaction with DNA molecules and they have a good potential to prepare nanostructures.

Management of an impacted maxillary central incisor with dilacerated root.

Dilaceration is a comparatively uncommon dental deformity generally characterized by an angulation between crown and root, and consequently causing non-eruption of the tooth. Dilaceration generally occurs following trauma to the apices of deciduous dentition, which lies close to the permanent tooth buds. As a result, surgical extraction used to be the first choice when making the treatment plan for a case with severely dilacerated teeth. This case report presents the orthodontic alignment of a permanent maxillary right central incisor in an 8-year-old boy who had an impacted inverted maxillary central incisor, with distoangular root dilaceration through the crown. Following surgical exposure with the closed-eruption technique and appropriate orthodontic traction, the tooth was successfully aligned into the dental arch and the root was radiologically shown to be straightened and relatively well developed. The impacted dilacerated incisor diagnosed in the early mixed dentition should be treated with the aid of orthodontic traction.