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We employed single-cell analysis techniques, specifically the inferCNV method, to dissect the complex progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) through minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) to invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). This approach enabled the identification of Cluster 6, which was significantly associated with LUAD progression. Our comprehensive analysis included intercellular interaction, transcription factor regulatory networks, trajectory analysis, and gene set variation analysis (GSVA), leading to the development of the lung progression associated signature (LPAS). Interestingly, we discovered that the LPAS not only accurately predicts the prognosis of LUAD patients but also forecasts genomic alterations, distinguishes between 'cold' and 'hot' tumours, and identifies potential candidates suitable for immunotherapy. PSMB1, identified within Cluster 6, was experimentally shown to significantly enhance cancer cell invasion and migration, highlighting the clinical relevance of LPAS in predicting LUAD progression and providing a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Our findings suggest that LPAS offers a novel biomarker for LUAD patient stratification, with significant implications for improving prognostic accuracy and guiding treatment decisions.
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Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Genómica , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Humanos , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/genética , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Pronóstico , Análisis de la Célula Individual/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Genómica/métodos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Línea Celular Tumoral , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Invasividad NeoplásicaRESUMEN
The grain filling of rice depends on photoassimilates from leaves and stems. Phloem loading is the first crucial step for the transportation of sucrose to grains. However, phloem loading mechanisms in rice leaves and stems and their response to nitrogen (N) remain unclear. Here, using a combination of electron microscopy, transportation of a phloem tracer and 13C labeling, phloem loading was studied in rice leaves and stems. The results showed that the sieve element-companion cell complex lacked a symplastic connection with surrounding parenchyma cells in leaves and stems. The genes expression and protein levels of sucrose transporter (SUTs) and sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) were detected in the vascular bundle of leaves and stems. A decrease in the 13C isotope remobilization from leaves to stems and panicles following treatment with p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid indicated that rice leaves and stems actively transport sucrose into the phloem. Under low-N (LN) treatment, the activities of α-amylase, ß-amylase and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) in stems and activity of SPS in leaves increased; genes expression and protein levels of SUTs and SWEETs in leaves and stems increased; the 13C isotope reallocation in panicles increased. These indicated that LN enhanced apoplastic phloem loading in stems and leaves. This improved the translocation of photoassimilates and consequently increased grain filling percentage, grain weight and harvest index. This study provides evidence that rice leaves and stems utilize an apoplastic loading strategy and respond to N stimuli by regulating the genes expression and protein levels of SUTs and SWEETs.
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Oryza , Transporte Biológico , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Oryza/metabolismo , Floema/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Sacarosa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Shen Gui capsule (SGC) has been demonstrated to have a significant treatment effect for coronary heart disease (CHD). Nevertheless, the holistic therapeutic mechanism of SGC in vivo remain poorly interpreted. We aimed to systematically explore the preventive effect and mechanism of SGC on CHD rats using plasma metabolomics strategy. Rat CHD model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LAD). Echocardiography, histological analyses of the myocardium and biochemical assays on serum were used to confirm the successful establishment of the CHD model and therapeutic effects of SGC. Then, UHPLC-MS/MS-based plasma metabolomics was combined with multivariate data analysis to screen potential pharmaco biomarkers associated with SGC treatment in the LAD-induced rat CHD model. After SGC treatment, 12 abnormal metabolites considered as potiential pharmaco biomarkers recovered to near normal levels. These biomarkers were involved in several metabolic pathways, including fat and protein metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, androgen receptor signaling pathway, and estrone metabolism.These results suggested that SGC achieves therapeutic action on CHD via regulating various aspects of the body such as energy metabolism, neurological disturbances and inflammation, and thus plays a significant role in the treatment of CHD and its complications. The study is useful to systematically understand and analyze the mechanism of SGC's "multipie pathways, multiple levels, multiple targets" prevention and treatment of CHD.
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Enfermedad Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Metabolómica , Animales , Cápsulas , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicina Tradicional China , Análisis Multivariante , Ratas , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bats were identified as a natural reservoir of emerging and re-emerging infectious pathogens threatening human health and life. METHODS: This study collected 21 fecal samples of Hipposideros armiger in Mengla County of Xishuangbanna Prefecture Yunnan Province to combine one pool for viral metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS: Two nearly complete genomes of parechoviruses, BPeV11 and BPeV20, were sequenced. Genome analysis revealed that BPeV11 and BPeV20 follow a 3-3-4 genome layout: 5' UTR-VP0-VP3-VP1-2A-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C-3D-3' UTR. The prevalence of BPev11 and BPev20 by Nested-PCR showed that 1 of 21 fecal samples was positive. Based on amino acid identity comparison and phylogenetic analysis of P1, 2C, and 3D, BPeV11 and BPeV20 were closely related to but distinct from FPeVs. CONCLUSION: It was probably proposed to be a novel species in the genus Parechovirus of the family Picornaviridae. The isolation of BPev11 and BPev20 from H. armiger in China is the first complete genome of parechovirus isolations from bat feces of the genus Hipposideros.
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Quirópteros , Parechovirus , Infecciones por Picornaviridae , Regiones no Traducidas 5' , Animales , China , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Parechovirus/genética , Filogenia , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/veterinariaRESUMEN
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic environmental pollutants. Quercetin (Que) is a kind of natural flavonoid with neuroprotective, antioxidant, and free-radical scavenging pharmacological activities. However, whether Que has the protective effect of on Cd-induced rat hepatocyte injury is unclear. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of Que on Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. For in vivo, 36 4-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups and were treated with CdCl2 (2 mg/kg b.w.) and/or Que (50 or 100 mg/kg b.w.). Four weeks later, the rats were sacrificed and livers were collected. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were measured. Liver histopathological sections were made, and TUNEL method was performed to detect cell apoptosis. The mRNA and protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signaling pathway-related factors and apoptosis-related factors were detected. For in vitro, BRL-3A rat cells were treated with CdCl2 (12.5 µM) and/or Que (5 µM Que). The mRNA and protein expression levels of ERS signaling pathway-related factors and apoptosis-related factors were detected. Results showed that Cd led to liver injury, disorder of hepatocyte morphology and structure, decreased BRL-3A cells viabilities, increased oxidative damage. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ERS related factors GRP78, PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, IRE1α, XBP1, and ATF6 increased. The mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis related factors Caspase12, Caspase3, and Bax increased, whereas Bcl2 decreased. It indicated that cadmium could activate PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP, IRE1α-XBP1, and ATF6-CHOP ERS-related signal pathways and lead to apoptosis. Moreover, Que can improve the vitality of hepatocytes, and effectively reduce hepatocytes damage, and reduce oxidative damage by Cd. As a result, the mRNA and protein expression levels of ERS related factors were reduced and hepatocyte apoptosis related factors decreased. Therefore, Que can be used as an effective component in daily diet to prevent Cd toxicity.
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Cadmio , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico , Animales , Apoptosis , Cadmio/toxicidad , Endorribonucleasas/farmacología , Hepatocitos , Masculino , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Quercetina/farmacología , ARN Mensajero , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for two Chinese pedigrees affected with Alport syndrome. METHODS: Potential variants of the COL4A5 gene were screened by next generation sequencing (NGS). Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing of other members from the pedigrees as well as 100 healthy controls. ClustalX 2.1 win was used to analyze the conservation of amino acid sequences. SWISS-MODEL was used for assessing the influence of variations on the protein structure. RESULTS: Two heterozygous missense variants of the COL4A5 gene, namely c.2210G>A (p.Gly737Asp) and c.3799G>A (p.Gly1267Ser), were respectively identified in the affected individuals from the two pedigrees but not among the 100 healthy controls. Neither variant was reported previously. CONCLUSION: The c.2210G>A (p.Gly737Asp) and c.3799G>A (p.Gly1267Ser) variants of the COL4A5 gene probably underlay the Alport syndrome in these pedigrees. Above finding has enriched the spectrum of COL4A5 gene variants and provided a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for the families.
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Nefritis Hereditaria , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Nefritis Hereditaria/genética , Linaje , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Mutación , ChinaRESUMEN
Large mode area (LMA) fibers are widely used in high-power fiber lasers to solve the nonlinear problems. In this Letter, a novel LMA fiber with heterogeneous helical claddings (HHCs) is proposed. A coordinate transformation simulation technique is adopted to analyze the fiber mode transmission characteristics. The effects of the fiber parameters such as θ,Λ,r,n0,n1,n2,n3, and λ on the mode transmission characteristics include loss coefficient L and effective mode area Aeff. When θ=14∘, Λ=22mm, n0=n2=1.439, and n1=n3=1.438 are adopted. The loss coefficients are L01=0.093dB/m, L11=9.47dB/m, and L21=23.36dB/m; the single-mode fiber diameter 2r is at least 60 µm; and the corresponding effective mode field area Aeff is 2025µm2. As the helix pitch is a centimeter order of magnitude and the fiber is all solid state, the HHC fiber is relatively easy to fabricate and convenient for cutting, splicing, etc., and will be well applied in the field of high-power fiber lasers.
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BACKGROUND: Ticks (class Arachnida, subclass Acari) are vectors of transmitting a broad range of pathogenic microorganisms, protozoa, and viruses affecting humans and animals. Liaoning Province is rich in forests where different animals and, abundant Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks exist. METHODS: Using viral metagenomics, we analyzed the virome in 300 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks collected from June to August 2015 in the forested region of Liaoning Province, China. RESULTS: From the 300 ticks, 1,218,388 high-quality reads were generated, of which 5643 (0.463%) reads showed significant sequence identity to known viruses. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that viral sequences showing a close relationship with Dabieshan tick virus, Aleutian mink disease virus, adeno-associated virus, Gokushovirus, avian gyrovirus 2 were present in the virome of these ticks. However, the significance of these viruses to human and animal health requires further investigation. Notably, an hepe-like virus, named tick-borne hepe-like virus sequence, was obtained and was highly prevalent in these ticks with a rate of 50%. Nevertheless, one constraint of our study was the limited geographical distribution of the sampled ticks. CONCLUSION: Our study offers an overview of the virome in ticks from a forest region of Liaoning Province and provides further awareness of the viral diversity of ticks.
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Garrapatas , Viroma , Virus , Animales , China , Bosques , Filogenia , Garrapatas/virología , Virus/clasificaciónRESUMEN
This study investigated the adsorption characterizations and mechanisms of lead (Pb) on biochar-derived microalgae residue (MB) produced at different pyrolytic temperatures. Six different MB samples were prepared from Chlorella sp. (CB) and Spirulina sp. (SB) in the temperature range of 200-600 â, and microalgae residue power (MP) was used as a control. The effect of pH, adsorption kinetics and isotherms were studied for the different MBs, and a chemical analysis of Pb2+-loaded MP and MB was performed by SEM-EDS, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and Boehm titration. The results showed that Pb2+ adsorption on MP and MB was a monolayer chemical adsorption process. Precipitation with minerals, metal ion exchange, oxygen/nitrogen-containing functional groups (OFGs/NFGs), and coordination of Pb2+ with π electrons jointly contributed to Pb2+ adsorption on MP and MB. More specifically, the contribution of each mechanism depended on the pyrolytic temperature. The contribution of surface complexation and ion exchange decreased with increasing pyrolytic temperature due to the loss of OFGs/NFGs and decreasing metal ion content, while the contribution of precipitation and Pb2+-π interaction significantly increased. Overall, precipitation with minerals and ion exchange dominated Pb2+ adsorption on MP and MB, which accounted for 65.20-74.40% of the total adsorption capacity. Surface precipitation contributed to a maximum adsorption capacity for high-temperature CB and SB (600 â) of up to 131.41 mg/g and 154.56 mg/g, respectively. In conclusion, MB adsorbents are a promising material for the remediation of heavy metal-bearing aquatic environments.
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Chlorella , Microalgas , Adsorción , Carbón Orgánico , Plomo , TemperaturaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) is a new diagnostic measure of the functional impact of tinnitus that is also a sensitive measure of treatment-related changes. However, the TFI has not been translated into Chinese and fully validated in China. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of a Chinese version of the TFI as a diagnostic measure of tinnitus severity in a sample of Chinese patients and to verify the value of its clinical application in China. DESIGN: A sample of 206 patients whose primary complaint was tinnitus was used to analyze the reliability and validity of the TFI. In addition, patients were asked to fill out the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) to compare TFI with their association. The internal consistency of the TFI was assessed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The factor structure of the TFI was assessed by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The extracted factors were compared to those of the original TFI scale. RESULTS: The reliability of the Chinese version of the TFI (Cronbach' s α = .969) showed high internal consistency. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the TFI showed that six factors with one main factor could be extracted instead of eight factors as described in the original version. Nevertheless, relations to the original eight subscales could be demonstrated. A high correlation between the TFI and the THI (r = .865, p < 0.01) and lower correlations between the TFI and the CES-D (r = .334, p < 0.01), BAI (r = .559, p < 0.01), and SWLS (r = - 0.324, p < 0.01) confirmed the satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity of the TFI. CONCLUSION: After translated and validated a Chinese version of the TFI and found that the TFI had high reliability and validity, which means both instruments are reliable instruments to assess the severity of tinnitus in clinical applications in China.
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Calidad de Vida , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Acúfeno/psicología , Adulto , Anciano , China , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , TraduccionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIM: To investigate the role of kidney injury molecular 1 (KIM-1) in high glucose-induced autophagy and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS: Human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) were treated with normal glucose (NG, D -glucose 5.6 mmol/L), high glucose (HG, 30 mmol/L), high osmotic (HO, D-glucose 5.6 mmol/L + D-mannitol 24.4 mmol/L), HG + KIM-1 siRNA, HG + siRNA control. The expressions of KIM-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3II (LC3II) were measured by western blot as well as real time PCR; the number of autophagosome was detected by electron microscopy; and the level of apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: In the HG group, the expressions of KIM-1 and LC3II were increased markedly, which was accompanied by more autophagosome and higher level of apoptosis compared with NG group. Silencing of KIM-1 by siRNA inhibited the increases in the levels of LC3II, autophagosome and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: KIM-1 may mediate high glucose-induced autophagy and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Apoptosis , Autofagia , Células Epiteliales/citología , Glucosa/metabolismo , Receptor Celular 1 del Virus de la Hepatitis A/metabolismo , Túbulos Renales/citología , Línea Celular , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Humanos , Túbulos Renales/metabolismoRESUMEN
Trichoderma harzianum is an important commercial biocontrol fungal agent. The temperature has been shown to be an important parameter and strain-specific to the mycelia growth of fungi, but less report makes the known of the mechanisms in T. harzianum. In our study, a 6-h treatment of heat increased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) concentration in mycelia to 212 and 230 % the level of the control, respectively. The exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside (150 µM) reduced the TBARS concentration to 53 % of that under heat stress (HS). At the same time, the NO-specific scavenger at 250 µM, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-1-oxyl-3-oxide, prevented the exogenous NO-relieved TBARS accumulation under HS. The increased NO concentration under HS was reduced 41 % by the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester, but not the nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor tungstate. Our study exhibited that NO can protect the mycelia of T. harzianum from HS and reduce the oxidative damage by enhancing the activity of NOS and NR.
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Calor , Micelio/metabolismo , Micelio/efectos de la radiación , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Trichoderma/metabolismo , Trichoderma/efectos de la radiación , Micelio/enzimología , Nitrato-Reductasa/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa/metabolismo , Trichoderma/enzimologíaRESUMEN
Self-incompatibility is a widespread genetic mechanism found in flowering plants. It plays a crucial role in preventing inbreeding and promoting outcrossing. The genes that control self-incompatibility in plants are typically determined by the S-locus female determinant factor and the S-locus male determinant factor. In the Solanaceae family, the male determinant factor is often the SLF gene. In this research, we cloned and analyzed 13 S2-LbSLF genes from the L. barbarum genome, which are located on chromosome 2 and close to the physical location of the S-locus female determinant factor S-RNase, covering a region of approximately 90.4 Mb. The amino acid sequence identity of the 13 S2-LbSLFs is 58.46%, and they all possess relatively conserved motifs and typical F-box domains, without introns. A co-linearity analysis revealed that there are no tandemly repeated genes in the S2-LbSLF genes, and that there are two pairs of co-linear genes between S2-LbSLF and the tomato, which also belongs to the Solanaceae family. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that the S2-LbSLF members can be divided into six groups, and it was found that the 13 S2-LbSLFs are clustered with the SLF genes of tobacco and Petunia inflata to varying degrees, potentially serving as pollen determinant factors regulating self-incompatibility in L. barbarum. The results for the gene expression patterns suggest that S2-LbSLF is only expressed in pollen tissue. The results of the yeast two-hybrid assay showed that the C-terminal region of S2-LbSLFs lacking the F-box domain can interact with S-RNase. This study provides theoretical data for further investigation into the functions of S2-LbSLF members, particularly for the identification of pollen determinant factors regulating self-incompatibility in L. barbarum.
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This research provided a new modification idea and made a new high-efficiency plant-based flocculant through the three rounds of reactions using tannin, formaldehyde, and ammonia chloride. Tannins as a concerned natural flocculant are mainly through a round of Mannich reaction to cationic modification now. This research provided a new cationic modification idea with the three rounds of Mannich reactions to obtain a modified tannin with a larger molecular weight and more complex structure. The synthesis and flocculation tests were conducted to study the effects of rounds of reaction, reactants ratio, reaction time of each round, and pH on the flocculation ability of the synthetically modified tannins. The increased flocculation capacity of modified tannins occurred with the increased rounds of reactions by increasing the electric neutralization and bridging capacity. The results of this research showed the increased flocculation capacity of the modified tannins with the increased ratio ((formaldehyde or ammonium chloride)/tannin). The flocculation capacity of the modified tannins is the greatest in the appropriate reaction time of each round (4 + 4 h) and pH (pH = 2). According to model fitting, the optimal synthesis condition is 1:6.094:6.094, 7.092 h, and pH = 2.476, which has been tested experimentally. The new modification idea and new high-efficiency modified tannin are very meaningful to the application of environmentally friendly flocculants and to solve the disadvantages of traditional chemical flocculants.
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Amoníaco , Cloruros , Taninos/química , Floculación , Formaldehído , CationesRESUMEN
Recycling of Au(III) from wastewater can not only increase resource utilization but also reduce environmental pollution. Herein, a chitosan-based bio-adsorbent (DCTS-TA) was successfully synthesized via crosslinking reaction between tannin (TA) and dialdehyde chitosan (DCTS) for the recovery of Au(III) from the solution. The maximum adsorption capacity for Au(III) was 1146.59 mg/g at pH 3.0, which fitted well with the Langmuir model. The XRD, XPS, and SEM-EDS analyses demonstrated that Au(III) adsorption on DCTS-TA was a collaborative process involving electrostatic interaction, chelation, and redox reaction. Existence of multiple coexisting metal ions did not significantly affect the Au(III) adsorption efficiency, with >90 % recovery of DCTS-TA obtained after five cycles. DCTS-TA is a promising candidate for Au(III) recovery from aqueous solutions due to its easy preparation, environmental-friendliness, and high efficiency.
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Quitosano , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Oro , Adsorción , Taninos , Cinética , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoRESUMEN
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is an extensively applied antibiotic frequently detected in municipal wastewater, which cannot be efficiently removed by conventional biological wastewater processes. In this work, an intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) system consisting of Fe3+-doped graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst and biofilm carriers was fabricated to remove SMX. The results of wastewater treatment experiments showed that 81.2 ± 2.1% of SMX was removed in the ICPB system during the 12 h, while only 23.7 ± 4.0% was removed in the biofilm system within the same time. In the ICPB system, photocatalysis played a key role in removing SMX by producing hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. Besides, the synergism between photocatalysis and biodegradation enhanced the mineralization of SMX. To understand the degradation process of SMX, nine degradation products and possible degradation pathways of SMX were analyzed. The results of high throughput sequencing showed that the diversity, abundance, and structure of the biofilm microbial community remained stable in the ICPB system at the end of the experiments, which suggested that microorganisms had accommodated to the environment of the ICPB system. This study could provide insights into the application of the ICPB system in treating antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.
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Microbiota , Aguas Residuales , Sulfametoxazol/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , BiopelículasRESUMEN
Under the background of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, research on pathogens deserves greater attention in the natural environment, especially in the widely distributed contaminated sites with complicated and severe organic pollution. In this study, the community composition and assembly of soil pathogens identified by the newly-developed 16S-based pipeline of multiple bacterial pathogen detection (MBPD) have been investigated on spatiotemporal scales in the selected organic polluted site. We demonstrated that the richness and diversity of the pathogenic communities were primarily controlled by soil depth, while the structure and composition of pathogenic communities varied pronouncedly with seasonal changes, which were driven by the alterations in both physiochemical parameters and organic contaminants over time. Network analysis revealed that the overwhelmingly positive interactions, identified multiple keystone species, and a well-organized modular structure maintained the stability and functionality of the pathogenic communities under environmental pressures. Additionally, the null-model analysis showed that deterministic processes dominated the pathogenic community assembly across soil profiles. In three seasons, stochasticity-dominated processes in spring and summer changed into determinism-dominated processes in winter. These findings extend our knowledge of the response of the bacterial pathogenic community to environmental disruptions brought on by organic contaminated sites.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , Anciano , Estaciones del Año , Ambiente , Contaminación Ambiental , SueloRESUMEN
This study developed dual-function tannin-based flocculants, namely tannin-graft-acrylamide-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (TGCC-A/TGCC-C), endowed with enhanced flocculation-sterilization properties. The impacts of these flocculants on proliferation and transformation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among bacteria during the flocculation-deposition process were examined. TGCC-A/TGCC-C exhibited remarkable flocculation capacities towards both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, encompassing a logarithmic range of initial cell density (108-109 CFU/mL) and a broad pH spectrum (pH 2-11). The grafted quaternary ammonium salt groups played pivotal parts in flocculation through charge neutralization and bridging mechanisms, concurrently contributing to sterilization by disrupting cellular membranes. The correlation between flocculation and sterilization entails a sequential progression, where an excess of TGCC, initially employed for flocculation, is subsequently consumed for sterilization purposes. The frequencies of ARGs conjugative transfer were enhanced in bacterial flocs across all TGCC treatments, stemming from augmented bacterial aggregation and cell membrane permeability, elicited stress response, and up-regulated genes encoding plasmid transfer. These findings underscore the indispensable role of flocculation-sterilization effects in mediating the propagation of ARGs, consequently providing substantial support for the scientific evaluation of the environmental risks associated with flocculants in the context of ARGs dissemination during the treatment of raw water featuring high bacterial density.
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Ticks are considered the second most common pathogen vectors transmitting a broad range of vital human and veterinary viruses. From 2017 to 2018, 640 ticks were collected in eight different provinces in central and western China. Six species were detected, including H.longicornis, De.everestianus, Rh.microplus, Rh.turanicus, Rh.sanguineous, and Hy.asiaticum. Sixty-four viral metagenomic libraries were constructed on the MiSeq Illumina platform, resulting in 13.44 âG (5.88 â× â107) of 250-bp-end reads, in which 2,437,941 are viral reads. We found 27 nearly complete genome sequences, including 16 genome sequences encoding entire protein-coding regions (lack of 3' or 5' end non-coding regions) and complete viral genomes, distributed in the arboviral family (Chuviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Nairoviridae, Phenuiviridae, Flaviviridae, Iflaviridae) as well as Parvoviridae and Polyomaviridae that cause disease in mammals and even humans. In addition, 13 virus sequences found in Chuviridae, Nairoviridae, Flaviviridae, Iflaviridae, Hepeviridae, Parvoviridae, and Polyomaviridae were identified as belonging to a new virus species in the identified viral genera. Besides, an epidemiological survey shows a high prevalence (9.38% and 15.63%) of two viruses (Ovine Copiparvovirus and Bovine parvovirus 2) in the tick cohort.
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Flaviviridae , Virus ARN , Garrapatas , Virus , Animales , Ovinos , Humanos , Viroma , Filogenia , Virus/genética , Virus ARN/genética , Mamíferos , ChinaRESUMEN
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant. The liver is an important metabolic organ in the body and is susceptible to Cd toxicity attacks. Quercetin (Que) is a flavonoid compound with pharmacological activities of scavenging free radicals and antioxidant activity. Previous studies have shown that Que can alleviate Cd caused hepatocyte apoptosis in rats, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. To explore the specific mechanism, we established a model of Cd toxicity and Que rescue in BRL-3A cells and used 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), an endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitor, as positive control. Set up a control group, Cd treatment group, Cd and Que co treatment group, Que treatment group, Cd and 4-PBA co treatment group, and 4-PBA treatment group. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method was employed to measure cell viability. Fluorescence staining was applied to observe cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry was performed to detect reactive oxygen species levels. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot method was adopted to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of ERS and apoptosis-related genes. The results showed that compared with the control group, the Cd treated group showed a significant decrease in cell viability (P < 0.01), an increase in intracellular ROS levels, and apoptosis. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ERS and apoptosis related factors such as GRP78, IRE1α, XBP1, ATF6, Caspase-12, Caspase-3 and Bax in the cells were significantly increased (P < 0.01), while the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Compared with the Cd treatment group, the Cd and Que co treatment group and the Cd and 4-PBA co treatment group showed a significant increase in cell viability (P < 0.01), a decrease in intracellular ROS levels, a decrease in cell apoptosis, and a significant decrease in the expression levels of ERS and apoptosis related factors mRNA and protein (P < 0.01), as well as a significant increase in Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.01). We confirmed that Que could alleviate the apoptosis caused by Cd in BRL-3A cells, and the effects of Que were similar to those of ERS inhibitor.