Comparison of the Ultrasonography Features of the Breast in Women with Fibroadenoma and Those with Other Breast Lumps.

BACKGROUND: Fibroadenoma (FA) is documented as the most common benign breast disease typically presenting as a lump. A wide variety of other diseases including breast cancer can similarly present as lumps hence the need for further differentiation. Ultrasonography plays a vital role in the evaluation and treatment of breast lumps with histological analysis as the gold standard. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the physical and sonographic features of the breast in women with FA and women with breast lumps due to other diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single-centre comparative study. Clinical and sonographic breast evaluations of the recruited patients with lumps were done and reported using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System score. The lumps were biopsied, and histological diagnosis was documented. Clinical and imaging features of the breasts of women with FA were then compared with those of women with lumps from other breast diseases, and collated data were analysed using SPSS Statistical version 23.0. RESULTS: Data from 118 subjects (59 in each group) were used for this study. There was a significant difference in the physical and sonographic appearance of FA concerning the patient's age, parity, change in lesion size, perilesional architecture, echogenicity, borders, capsule and background breast density. No FA was found in women with less dense breasts. CONCLUSION: The sonographic features of breasts showed some differences from the corresponding features of FA and other breast lesions. This has the potential to increase the efficiency of pre-operative diagnosis of FA and could be further applied in developing diagnostic criteria for FA in our environment.

A matched case-control study of bean intake and breast cancer risk in urbanized Nigerian women.

PURPOSE: Bean intake has been associated with reduced risk of breast cancer, however; only a few studies considered molecular subtypes status and none in African women living in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations between dietary intake of beans and breast cancer including its subtypes in Nigerian women. METHODS: Overall, 472 newly diagnosed patients with primary invasive breast cancer were age-matched (± 5 years) with 472 controls from the Nigerian Integrative Epidemiology of Breast Cancer (NIBBLE) Study from 01/2014 to 07/2016. We collected the dietary intake of beans using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Beans_alone intake was categorized into three levels never (never in the past year), low (≤ 1 portion/week), and high intake (> 1 portion/week). We used conditional and unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) of beans_alone intake and the risk of breast cancer and by its molecular subtypes, respectively. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of cases was 44.4(10.0) and of controls was 43.5(9.5) years. In the case group, more than half (51.1%) have never consumed beans_alone in the past year compared to 39.0% in the control group. The multivariable models showed inverse associations between beans_alone (high vs. none) and breast cancer (OR = 0.55; 95%CI: 0.36-0.86, p-trend = 0.03), triple-negative (OR = 0.51 95%CI: 0.28-0.95, p-trend = 0.02) and marginally associated with hormone receptor-positive (OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.29-0.96, p-trend = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Dietary intake of beans_alone may play a significant role in reducing the incidence of breast cancer, particularly of the more aggressive molecular subtype, triple-negative, in African women living in SSA.

Leisure-time physical activity is associated with reduced risks of breast cancer and triple negative breast cancer in Nigerian women.

BACKGROUND: Leisure-time physical activity(LTPA) is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, but this has less been investigated by cancer subtypes in Africans living in Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA). We examined the associations between LTPA and breast cancer including its subtypes in Nigerian women and explored the effect modification of body size on such associations. METHODS: The sample included 508 newly diagnosed primary invasive breast cancer cases and 892 controls from the Nigerian Integrative Epidemiology of Breast Cancer(NIBBLE) Study. Immunohistochemical(IHC) analysis was available for 294 cases. Total metabolic equivalents(METs) per hour/week of LTPA were calculated and divided by quartiles(Q1 <3.75, Q2:3.75-6.69, Q3:6.70-14.74, Q4:14.75 ≤). We applied logistic regressions to estimate the adjusted Odds Ratios(ORs) between LTPA and breast cancer and by its molecular subtypes and whether age-adjusted associations are modified by BMI. RESULTS: The mean age(Mean±SD) of cases vs. controls(45.5 ± 11.1vs.40.1 ± 9.0) was higher, and the mean total METs hour/week was higher in controls vs. cases(11.9 ± 14.9vs.8.3 ± 11.1,p-value<0.001). Overall, 43.2%(N = 127/294) were classified as HRP, and 41.8%(N = 123/294) as TNBC. Women in the higher LTPA quartiles(Q3-Q4) vs. Q1 had lower odds of having breast cancer(ORQ4vs.Q1=0.51,95%CI:0.35-0.74) and TNBC(ORQ4vs.Q1=0.51, 95%CI:0.27-0.96), but not HRP(ORQ4vs.Q1=0.61,95%CI:0.34-1.09) after adjusting for age, age at first menarche, body size, breastfeeding, menopausal, parity, contraceptives, demographics, alcohol, smoking, and physical activity at home and work. Lastly, LTPA and its age-adjusted association with breast cancer was more pronounced in women with BMI< 30 vs. BMI 30 + . CONCLUSIONS: LTPA may reduce the risk of breast cancer, especially TNBC, which is the more aggressive and prevalent molecular subtype of breast cancer in SSA.

Breast cancer burden in Maiduguri, North eastern Nigeria.

Breast cancer is a global disease and incidence continues to rise especially in the sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, breast cancer is currently the most common malignancy. This study aimed at describing the pattern of breast cancers in Maiduguri and to determine if there is any significant changing trend of frequency. This is a retrospective review data of breast cancers between 2001 and 2005 in the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Cancer Registry. A total of 1,216 cases of cancers were registered within the study period and breast cancer accounted for 13.9%. There were 490 breast biopsy specimens and breast cancer accounted for 34.5%. There were 161 females and 8 males breast cancer within the study period giving a F:M ratio 20:1. There were four cases of bilateral breast cancers. The age ranges between 17 and 85 years and the peak age group was 40-49 years which accounted for 61 cases (36.1%). The commonest histologic type of breast cancer was invasive ductal carcinoma which accounted for 82.6%; invasive lobular (6.6%); medullary (4.3%); colloid (1.7%); papillary (1.1%); and others (5.1%). In conclusion, breast cancer is on the increase in our environment and therefore there is need for public enlightenment, screening all women at risk, early detection of the lesion, and proper management in our health institution.