RESUMEN
A 2-day-old female baby, delivered by emergent cesarean section at 35 weeks of gestational age with a birth weight of 1,378 g, was referred to our institute for intensive care of heart failure. By echocardiography and cardiac catheterization, the patient was diagnosed with isolated complete transposition of the great arteries. Primary arterial switch operation was performed at 13 days of age. No technical difficulty arose, imposed by the small size of cardiovascular structure. On the 5th postoperative day, surgical repair of intestinal perforation was performed. Convalescence thereafter was uneventful. She returned home on the 64th postoperative day with the body weight of 2,310 g. We conclude that primary arterial switch operation can be a feasible surgical option even in a neonate with very low birth weight.
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Transposición de los Grandes Vasos/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo PesoRESUMEN
Pancreatic cancer exhibits the worst prognostic outcome among human cancers. Recently, we have described that depletion of RUNX2 enhances gemcitabine (GEM) sensitivity of p53-deficient pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells through the activation of TAp63-mediated cell death pathway. These findings raised a question whether RUNX2 silencing could also improve GEM efficacy on pancreatic cancer cells bearing p53 mutation. In the present study, we have extended our study to p53-mutated pancreatic cancer MiaPaCa-2 cells. Based on our current results, MiaPaCa-2 cells were much more resistant to GEM as compared with p53-proficient pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells, and there existed a clear inverse relationship between the expression levels of TAp73 and RUNX2 in response to GEM. Forced expression of TAp73α in MiaPaCa-2 cells significantly promoted cell cycle arrest and/or cell death, indicating that a large amount of TAp73 might induce cell death even in the presence of mutant p53. Consistent with this notion, overexpression of TAp73α stimulated luciferase activity driven by p53/TAp73-target gene promoters in MiaPaCa-2 cells. Similar to AsPC-1 cells, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of RUNX2 remarkably enhanced GEM sensitivity of MiPaCa-2 cells. Under our experimental conditions, TAp73 further accumulated in RUNX2-depleted MiaPaCa-2 cells exposed to GEM relative to GEM-treated non-silencing control cells. As expected, silencing of p73 reduced GEM sensitivity of MiPaCa-2 cells. Moreover, GEM-mediated Tyr phosphorylation level of TAp73 was much more elevated in RUNX2-depleted MiaPaCa-2 cells. Collectively, our present findings strongly suggest that knockdown of RUNX2 contributes to a prominent enhancement of GEM sensitivity of p53-mutated pancreatic cancer cells through the activation of TAp73-mediated cell death pathway, and also provides a promising strategy for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer bearing p53 mutation.
RESUMEN
National surveys were conducted in Japan to assess the current practices for circulatory management of extremely-low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs) in acute phases. Approximately 80 and 100 institutions were surveyed in 2006 and 2011, respectively. Echocardiography was identified as an important diagnostic tool at 95% of the surveyed institutions. Furthermore, 74% of the institutions survey in 2011 used vasodilator agents. In 2011, the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mVcfc) and left ventricular end-systolic wall stress (ESWS) were used by 60% of the surveyed institutions to evaluate the relationship between afterload of the left ventricle and left ventricular contractility. Overall, the data collected from these national surveys clarified the current practices for circulatory management of ELBWIs in Japan, particularly the use of echocardiography and cardiovascular agents, including catecholamines and vasodilators.
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Ecocardiografía/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud , Recien Nacido con Peso al Nacer Extremadamente Bajo , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Monitoreo Fisiológico/estadística & datos numéricos , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Vasodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Presión Sanguínea , Cardiotónicos/administración & dosificación , Dopamina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Japón/epidemiología , Contracción Miocárdica/efectos de los fármacos , Pronóstico , Función Ventricular Izquierda/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
It is known that the earliest lens marker delta-crystallin is expressed abundantly in Rathke's pouch of the chicken, suggesting a close relationship between the cell states of the adenohypophysis (pituitary) anlage and the early lens. We show here that the zebrafish midline mutants you-too (yot) and iguana (igu) develop lenses from the adenohypophysis anlage. The early adenohypophysis anlage of normal zebrafish expresses lim3 and six3 but in yot(ty119) mutants the anterior part of the anlage lacks lim3 expression, and instead produces a crystallin-expressing cell population which develops into a large lens structure expressing beta and gamma-crystallins, but is not associated with retina tissues. Among the zebrafish mutants with midline defects, midline lenses were observed in two mutant alleles of yot and an allele of igu, but not in other mutants (syu, con, smh, dtr, uml, spi and lok). Two yot mutant alleles with midline lenses likely encode dominant negative forms of the Gli2 protein which will interfere with transcriptional activation by other Gli proteins. The observation argues that overall inhibition of Shh-Gli signaling leads the adenohypophysis anlage to transdifferentiate into lens.
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Cristalino/embriología , Adenohipófisis/embriología , Transactivadores , Proteínas de Pez Cebra , Pez Cebra/embriología , Pez Cebra/genética , Alelos , Animales , Embrión de Pollo , Cristalinas/genética , Cristalinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Hedgehog , Inmunohistoquímica , Hibridación in Situ , Cristalino/metabolismo , Mutación , Proteínas Oncogénicas/genética , Adenohipófisis/metabolismo , Proteínas/genética , Transducción de Señal , Especificidad de la Especie , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Pez Cebra/metabolismo , Proteína con Dedos de Zinc GLI1 , Proteína Gli2 con Dedos de ZincRESUMEN
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) has been considered to be one of master regulators for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Recently, we have described that RUNX2 attenuates p53/TAp73-dependent cell death of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells bearing wild-type p53 in response to adriamycin. In this study, we have asked whether RUNX2 silencing could enhance gemcitabine (GEM) sensitivity of p53-deficient human pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells. Under our experimental conditions, GEM treatment increased the expression level of p53 family TAp63, whereas RUNX2 was reduced following GEM exposure, indicating that there exists an inverse relationship between the expression level of TAp63 and RUNX2 following GEM exposure. To assess whether TAp63 could be involved in the regulation of GEM sensitivity of AsPC-1 cells, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of TAp63 was performed. As expected, silencing of TAp63 significantly prohibited GEM-dependent cell death as compared with GEM-treated non-silencing cells. As TAp63 was negatively regulated by RUNX2, we sought to examine whether RUNX2 knockdown could enhance the sensitivity to GEM. Expression analysis demonstrated that depletion of RUNX2 apparently stimulates the expression of TAp63, as well as proteolytic cleavage of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) after GEM exposure, and further augmented GEM-mediated induction of p53/TAp63-target genes, such as p21 (WAF1) , PUMA and NOXA, relative to GEM-treated control-transfected cells, implying that RUNX2 has a critical role in the regulation of GEM resistance through the downregulation of TAp63. Notably, ablation of TAp63 gave a decrease in number of γH2AX-positive cells in response to GEM relative to control-transfected cells following GEM exposure. Consistently, GEM-dependent phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein was remarkably impaired in TAp63 knockdown cells. Collectively, our present findings strongly suggest that RUNX2-mediated repression of TAp63 contributes at least in part to GEM resistance of AsPC-1 cells, and thus silencing of RUNX2 may be a novel strategy to enhance the efficacy of GEM in p53-deficient pancreatic cancer cells.
RESUMEN
A total of 970 expressed sequence tag (EST) clones were generated from immature female sexual organ of a liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. The 376 ESTs resulted in 123 redundant groups, thus the total number of unique sequences in the EST set was 717. Database search by BLAST algorithm showed that 302 of the unique sequences shared significant similarities to known nucleotide or amino acid sequences. Six unique sequences showed significant similarities to genes that are involved in flower development and sexual reproduction, such as cynarase, fimbriata-associated protein and S-receptor kinase genes. The remaining unique 415 sequences have no significant similarity with any database-registered genes or proteins. The redundant 123 ESTs implied the presence of gene families and abundant transcripts of unknown identity. Analyses of the coding sequences of 61 unique sequences, which contained no ambiguous bases in the predicted coding regions, highly homologous to known sequences at the amino acid level with a similarity score greater than 400, and with stop codons at similar positions as their possible orthologues, indicated the presence of biased codon usage and higher GC content within the coding sequences (50.4%) than that within 3' flanking sequences (41.9%).
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Etiquetas de Secuencia Expresada , Genes de Plantas , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Codón , Mapeo Contig , ADN Complementario/genética , Bases de Datos Factuales , Biblioteca de Genes , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Familia de Multigenes , ARN Mensajero/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
Twenty-four patients with chronic non-A non-B hepatitis were randomly assigned to receive either human fibroblast interferon (HuIFN-beta) at doses of 1 or 3 million international units (MIU) per day for 4 or 12 weeks (12 patients) or to receive no therapy (12 patients), and were then compared with 5 patients with chronic type B hepatitis who were treated with HuIFN-beta. Elevated serum aminotransferase levels decreased more rapidly during the treatment of chronic non-A non-B hepatitis than of chronic hepatitis B. Variations in serum aminotransferases were not observed in any of the untreated chronic non-A non-B hepatitis patients. In 3 of the 9 patients with chronic non-A non-B hepatitis who responded to HuIFN-beta therapy, serum aminotransferase levels remained normal 15, 21 and 31 months after therapy was discontinued; liver biopsy specimens obtained after therapy from 2 patients showed marked histological improvement. In the six other patients aminotransferase activity levels became again elevated following cessation of interferon therapy. No response to HuIFN-beta was seen in the remaining 3 patients with chronic non-A non-B hepatitis.
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Hepatitis C/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis Viral Humana/tratamiento farmacológico , Interferón Tipo I/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Alanina Transaminasa/metabolismo , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hepatitis B/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis B/patología , Virus de la Hepatitis B/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatitis C/patología , Hepatitis Crónica/patología , Humanos , Interferón Tipo I/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
We studied Pourcelot's index (PI), which shows cerebral vascular resistance, in the anterior cerebral arteries and basilar artery, and the PI ratio (Pourcelot's index in the anterior cerebral artery/Pourcelot's index in the basilar artery) in 11 measurements of hydrocephalus. The mean values of PI in the anterior cerebral artery, basilar artery, and the PI ratio before treatment were significantly higher than those after treatment and those in normal infants. Before treatment, the mean PI in the anterior cerebral arteries was significantly higher than the mean PI in the basilar artery. All PI ratios increased to 1.00 or more. After treatment and in normal infants, the mean PI in the anterior cerebral arteries was significantly lower than the mean PI in the basilar artery. All PI ratios decreased to less than 1.00. We believe that the PI ratio is useful to evaluate the need or effect of treatment in hydrocephalus.
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Arteria Basilar/fisiopatología , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo , Arterias Cerebrales/fisiopatología , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Hidrocefalia/terapia , Resistencia Vascular , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/fisiopatología , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Punción EspinalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to obtain new information about the relationship between infant responses to surfactant replacement therapy and histopathological changes in vital organs. STUDY DESIGN: To accomplish this, the autopsy findings and clinical backgrounds of 41 very low birth weight infants (gestational week 25.6 +/- 2.3; birth weight 806.4 +/- 251.6g) who had died after receiving surfactant replacement therapy were reviewed, and those who responded to therapy were compared with those who did not. Responders were infants in whom the required FiO(2) declined by > 20% or mean airway pressure declined by > 20% within six hours of instilling surfactant (n=18); non-responders were infants who did not meet those criteria (n=23). RESULT: Gestational age, birth weight and time at treatment were similar in responders and non-responders, but survival was significantly longer in responders. The incidences of hyaline membrane disease, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, hemorrhagic necrosis and parenchymal degeneration of the liver and kidney were all higher in non-responders, whereas the incidences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pneumonia were higher in responders. Prior to treatment, acidosis and hypothermia were significantly more severe in non-responders, and perinatal complications, such as fetal distress and intrauterine infection, were observed more often in non-responders. Substantial degradation of vital organs had already occurred during the early post-natal or intrauterine life of the non-responders, which would be expected to interfere with the clinical response to instilled surfactant. CONCLUSION: It is anticipated that in the future improved monitoring of immature fetuses will be indispensable to improve intrauterine fetal management and to achieve better control over the timing and mode of delivery.
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Recien Nacido Prematuro , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Pulmón/patología , Surfactantes Pulmonares/uso terapéutico , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Atención Perinatal , Surfactantes Pulmonares/efectos adversos , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) was administered to a total of 67 patients with severe infections complicating hematological disorders and solid tumors. Fifty patients are included in the present analysis of efficacy and 64 in that of safety. 1. Out of 31 patients with hematological disorders, responses were excellent in 10 patients, good in 10 patients, and the efficacy rate was 64.5%. Out of 19 patients with solid tumors, responses were excellent in 8 patients, good in 8 patients and the efficacy rate was 84.2%. 2. For patients whose responses to other antibiotics had been poor, the efficacy rate was 59.3% in the group with hematological disorders and 62.5% in the group with solid tumors. 3. The relationship between the neutrophil count and efficacy was studied in the patients with hematological disorders. The efficacy rate for 8 patients whose neutrophil counts were 500/mm3 or less was 75.0%. 4. For the patients with hematological disorders, the efficacy rate for patients from whom causative organisms were isolated was 70.0% and that for patients for whom they were unknown was 61.9%. 5. Adverse reactions were observed in 3 patients and abnormal laboratory test results in 2 patients. However, they were mild and disappeared after discontinuation of this drug. From these results, IPM/CS is considered to be a useful antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections complicating hematological disorders and solid tumors.
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Infecciones Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Cilastatina/uso terapéutico , Imipenem/uso terapéutico , Leucemia/complicaciones , Linfoma/complicaciones , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Cilastatina/administración & dosificación , Combinación Cilastatina e Imipenem , Combinación de Medicamentos , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Imipenem/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/complicacionesRESUMEN
We report the incidence of neonatal seizures in the last 10 years. Between 1981-1990, 28,925 infants were born in the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center. Very low-birth-weight infants (< 1,500 g) were excluded in this study. Seizures were identified in 67 infants (0.23%) during the first 7 days of life. Seizures occurred more frequently in low-birth-weight infants (1,500-2,499 g) than in normal-birth-weight infants (> 2,499 g). Fifty-one infants (0.19%) of 27,276 normal-birth-weight infants and 16 (0.97%) of 1,649 low-birth-weight infants developed seizures. The frequency of seizures was 0.25% during the first 5 years and 0.20% during the second 5 years. In low-birth-weight group, the frequency of seizures decreased form 1.49% to 0.48% during the 5-year periods, and seizures due to post asphyxial hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy also decreased from 0.14% to 0.06%. The decreased incidence in neonatal seizures during the last 10 years was probably achieved by the progress in intervention of low-birth-weight infants in NICU and by the obstetrical prevention of intrapartum asphyxia.
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Convulsiones/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Recién Nacido , Japón/epidemiología , MasculinoRESUMEN
A 10 month-old infant with Down syndrome having ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension performed cardiac catheterization, which resulted in a slight increase in the pulmonary vascular resistance from 10.8 to 11.3 unit.m2. Lung biopsy findings showed at most an early grade 2 Heath-Edwards classification, and an index of pulmonary vascular disease of 1.1, both of which indicated operability for total correction. He underwent surgical correction and the pulmonary arterial pressure significantly decrease. Although he suffered chylothorax in 5th postoperative day, he did not developed pulmonary hypertension crisis.
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Síndrome de Down/complicaciones , Complejo de Eisenmenger/cirugía , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/complicaciones , Hipertensión Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Lactante , Oxígeno , TolazolinaAsunto(s)
Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Factores de Transcripción/fisiología , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/fisiología , Apoptosis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Desoxicitidina/farmacología , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/deficiencia , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , GemcitabinaAsunto(s)
Hepatitis B/terapia , Interferones/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , PronósticoRESUMEN
Infectivity and pathogenicity of Bordetella bronchiseptica to rabbits were investigated by intranasal inoculation of the organism to suckling and young animals. Results are summarized as follows. 1. By inoculation of 5 X 10(4) and 10(6) organisms, the infection developed in 60% and 100% of young rabbits, respectively. 2. In young rabbits, the growth of the organism was evident in the trachea within 5 days after inoculation and in the lung on the 10th day. The organism began to disappear from the lung and trachea of some animals from the 40th day after inoculation, but remained in the external nares and nasal cavity of all animals even on the 90th day. Neither clinical sign nor pneumonic lesion was observed in any stages of the infection. 3. Pneumonic lesions and serous nasal secretion were found in all suckling rabbits by inoculation of 5 X 10(6) organisms, but no fatal case was detected.
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Infecciones por Bordetella/veterinaria , Bordetella/patogenicidad , Conejos/microbiología , Animales , Animales Lactantes , Infecciones por Bordetella/microbiología , Femenino , Pulmón/microbiología , Masculino , Cavidad Nasal/microbiología , Tráquea/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Resistive indices (RI) in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), basilar artery (BA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) and descending aorta (DA) were obtained in 15 small-for-dates (SFD) infants who were, growth retarded because of maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension and in 20 appropriate-for-dates (AFD) infants matched for gestational age between 24 h and 48 h after birth. The RIs in the MCA, ACA and BA were significantly lower, while the RI in the DA was significantly higher, in the SFD infants than in the AFD infants. These changes in RIs in the SFD infants might be similar to the "brain sparing" effect as reported in growth-retarded fetuses.
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Aorta Torácica/fisiología , Arteria Basilar/fisiología , Arterias Cerebrales/fisiología , Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional/fisiología , Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Basilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo , Arterias Cerebrales/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Recién Nacido , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
We present a case of Dandy-Walker malformation associated with occipital meningocele, microphthalmia, and cleft palate. Small numbers of cases of Dandy-Walker malformation with occipital meningocele have been described in the literature, but to our knowledge, non of these also had microphthalmia or cleft palate. This association suggests that time of intrauterine origin of Dandy-Walker syndrome was in the sixth or seventh embryonic week. In the diagnosis, both CT cisternography and direct neurosonography over the occipital meningocele was useful for the demonstration of a posterior fossa cyst which communicated with the fourth ventricle and the occipital meningocele.
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Anomalías Múltiples/diagnóstico por imagen , Fisura del Paladar/complicaciones , Síndrome de Dandy-Walker/complicaciones , Meningocele/complicaciones , Microftalmía/complicaciones , Síndrome de Dandy-Walker/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Meningocele/diagnóstico por imagen , Microftalmía/diagnóstico por imagen , Hueso Occipital/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
A 57 year old man with auto-immune chronic active hepatitis, regularly treated with immunosuppressive therapy, had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 10 years after diagnosis of the hepatitis. Assays of the hepatitis C virus antibodies against capsid and non-structural proteins revealed seronegativity in serial serum samples of this patient stored in the previous 10 years during follow up. The seronegative hepatitis C antibodies excluded hepatitis C virus as the cause of the HCC. The occurrence of HCC in this case suggests the necessity of surveillance for early detection of liver cancer in patients with auto-immune chronic active hepatitis undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapy.
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Enfermedades Autoinmunes/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Hepatitis Crónica/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/patología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Hepatitis Crónica/patología , Hepatitis Crónica/terapia , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
In order to identify genes that are involved in the defense reaction against pathogen attack, we screened for examples that are regulated during the hypersensitive response (HR) to infection by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc) carrying the N gene, which confers resistance to TMV. Among seven genes initially identified by fluorescent differential display, one clone was further characterized because its transcripts accumulated rapidly and transiently after the onset of HR. Its full-length cDNA of 1346 bp encoded a polypeptide consisting of 258 amino acids. The deduced protein contained a single WRKY domain, a Cys(2)His(2) zinc-finger motif and a leucine-zipper motif, showing high similarity to WIZZ, a member of the family of WRKY transcription factors in tobacco. The gene was thus designated TIZZ. A GFP-TIZZ fusion protein was found to localize to the nucleus upon introduction into epidermal cells of onion. Bacterially expressed TIZZ was able to bind to the W-box (TTGAC) element that is recognized by other WRKY proteins, but transactivation assays showed it to be unable to activate reporter gene expression by itself. TIZZ transcripts were induced in TMV-infected nahG transgenic tobacco plants, in which salicylic acid fails to accumulate. Neither exogenously applied salicylic acid nor mechanical wounding induced TIZZ transcript accumulation. These results indicate the presence of salicylic acid-independent pathways for HR signal transduction, in which a novel type of WRKY protein(s) may play a critical role for the activation of defense.