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BACKGROUND: Improvements in screening and imaging technologies and treatment of liver disease have influenced the trend in diagnosis for stage I liver cancer. In this article, recent trends in age, incidence, tumour size, and survival of different stages of liver cancer are analysed. METHODS: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and end results data from the National Cancer Institute were used to analyse trends in age-adjusted incidence rate, mean tumour size at diagnosis, age at diagnosis, and 5-year survival probability for stage I liver cancer. RESULTS: Stage I cases of liver cancer increased most tremendously over the study period, with a greater increase from 2004 to 2012 following a smaller increase from 2012 to 2015. Moreover, the mean age of stage I liver cancer increased by 1.72 years from 2004 to 2015. The 5-year-overall survival for stage I liver cases worsened from 97.9% to 83.7% from 2004 to 2011, whereas the 10-year survival probability for stage I cases worsened from 97.3% in 2004 to 79.6% in 2006. Comparing with higher stage cases, stage I liver cancer were more likely to be females, be married, live in metro areas, receive chemotherapy, and carry medical insurance. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of stage I liver cancer has increased over the study period, with an increase in age of diagnosis, decrease in tumour size, and generally stable overall survival rate with slight decrease. These trends emphasized the importance of early detection of liver cancer and regular screening and better treatment for high-risk populations.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSImprovements in screening and imaging technologies and treatment of liver disease have influenced the trend in diagnosis for liver cancer.Stage I cases of liver cancer increased most tremendously over the study period, with a greater increase from 2004 to 2012 following a smaller increase from 2012 to 2015.These trends emphasized the importance of early detection of liver cancer and regular screening and better treatment for high-risk populations.
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Neoplasias Hepáticas , Tamizaje Masivo , Femenino , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Lactante , Masculino , Incidencia , Programa de VERF , Tasa de Supervivencia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Drug resistance is a key factor in the treatment failure of clinical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after adjuvant chemotherapy. Here, our results provide the first evidence that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2b subunit delta (EIF2B4)-Stratifin (SFN) fusion and increased SFN expression are associated with chemotherapy tolerance and activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway in NSCLC patients, suggesting that SFN might have potential prognostic value as a tumor biomarker for the prognosis of patients with NSCLC.
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N6-methyladenosine (m6A) messenger RNA methylation is a gene regulatory mechanism affecting cell differentiation and proliferation in development and cancer. To study the roles of m6A mRNA methylation in cell proliferation and tumorigenicity, we investigated human endometrial cancer in which a hotspot R298P mutation is present in a key component of the methyltransferase complex (METTL14). We found that about 70% of endometrial tumours exhibit reductions in m6A methylation that are probably due to either this METTL14 mutation or reduced expression of METTL3, another component of the methyltransferase complex. These changes lead to increased proliferation and tumorigenicity of endometrial cancer cells, likely through activation of the AKT pathway. Reductions in m6A methylation lead to decreased expression of the negative AKT regulator PHLPP2 and increased expression of the positive AKT regulator mTORC2. Together, these results reveal reduced m6A mRNA methylation as an oncogenic mechanism in endometrial cancer and identify m6A methylation as a regulator of AKT signalling.
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Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Carcinogénesis , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Endometriales/enzimología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Procesamiento Postranscripcional del ARN , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , ARN Neoplásico/metabolismo , Adenosina/genética , Adenosina/metabolismo , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Endometriales/genética , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 2 de la Rapamicina/genética , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 2 de la Rapamicina/metabolismo , Metilación , Metiltransferasas/genética , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Ratones Desnudos , Mutación , Fosfoproteínas Fosfatasas/genética , Fosfoproteínas Fosfatasas/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Neoplásico/genética , Transducción de Señal , Factores de Tiempo , Carga TumoralRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of three-dimensional surface reconstruction of spiral CT-shaded surface display (SSD) to examine the impacted teeth before orthodontic treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three-dimensional surface reconstruction of spiral CT and shaded surface display (SSD) was applied to twenty patients whose impacted teeth couldn't be judged clearly through the panorama and occlusal films.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three-dimensional surface reconstruction of spiral CT and SSD could clearly demonstrate the dental surface image including crown, root neck and root bifurcation in three-dimensional way, labial or palatal location, eruption orientation and relation with dentition.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is concluded that the three-dimensional surface reconstruction is an accurate and effective method to examine impacted teeth before orthodontic treatment.</p>