The tendency of anemia of inflammation in periodontal diseases.

Anemia of inflammation (AI) is associated with inflammatory diseases, and inflammation-induced iron metabolism disorder is the major pathogenic factor. Earlier studies have reported a tendency of AI in periodontitis patients, but the explicit relationship and possible pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the analyses of both periodontitis patients and a mouse model of ligature-induced experimental periodontitis showed that periodontitis was associated with lower levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit with evidence of systemic inflammation (increased white blood cell levels) and evidence of iron restriction (low serum iron along with a high serum hepcidin and ferritin levels), in accordance with the current diagnosis criteria for AI. Moreover, periodontal therapy improved the anemia status and iron metabolism disorders. Furthermore, the increased level of hepcidin and significant correlation between hepcidin and key indicators of iron metabolism emphasized the pivotal role of hepcidin in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-related AI. Administration of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitors Stattic suggested that the IL-6-STAT3-hepcidin signaling pathway participated in this regulatory process. Together, these findings demonstrated that periodontitis should be considered an inflammatory disease that contributes to the development of AI; furthermore, IL-6-STAT3-hepcidin signaling pathway plays a key regulatory role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-related AI. Our study will provide new insights into the systemic effects of periodontitis, while meaningfully expanding the spectrum of inflammatory diseases that contribute to AI.

Digital Workflow for Full-Arch Immediate Implant Placement Using a Stackable Surgical Guide Fabricated Using SLM Technology.

The failing dentition of partially edentulous individuals may be used as an initial reference for stackable restrictive surgical guides during full-arch immediate implant placement. The stackable guide option derived from a digital workflow increases the predictability of the performance of bone reduction, immediate implant placement, and immediate loading of provisional implant-supported fixed dental prostheses. The present paper aims to report a practical approach to design and produce a metal framework with occlusal rests to facilitate the use of a tooth-supported surgical guide when full-arch immediate implant placement is indicated in patients with failing dentition.