Microcrystalline Nanofiber Electrode with Adaptive Intrinsic Structure and Microscopic Interface.

A strategy of microcrystalline aggregation is proposed to fabricate energy storage electrode with outstanding capacity and stability. Carbon-rich electrode (BDTG) functionalized with benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene units and butadiyne segments are prepared. The linear conjugate chains pack as microcrystalline nanofibers on nanoscale, which further aggregates to form a porous interpenetrating network. The microcrystalline aggregation feature of BDTG exhibit stable structure during long cycling test, revealing the following advantage in structure and property. The stretchable butadiyne linker facilitates reversible adsorption and desorption of Li with the aid of adjacent sulfur heteroatom. The alkyne-alkene transition exhibits intrinsic structural stability of microcrystalline region in BDTG electrodes. Meanwhile, alkynyl groups and sulfur heteroatoms on the surface of BDTG nanofibers participate in the formation of microscopic interface, providing a stable interfacial contact between BDTG electrodes and adjacent electrolyte. As a proof-of-concept, BDTG-based electrode shows high capacity (1430 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1) and excellent cycle performance (8000 cycles under 5 A g-1) in half-cell of lithium-ion batteries, and a reversible capacity of 120 mAh g-1 is obtained under the current density of 2 C in full-cell. This work shows microcrystalline aggregation is beneficial to realize adaptive intrinsic structure and interface contact during the charge-discharge process.

Island-Like Heterogeneous Interface Generating Tandem Toroidal Built-In Electric Field for Efficient Potassium Ions Diffusion.

For large-size potassium accommodation, heterostructure usually suffers severe delamination and exfoliation at the interfaces due to different volume expansion of two-phase during charge/discharge process, resulting in the deconstruction of heterostructures and shortened lifespan of batteries. Here, an innovative strategy is proposed through constructing a microscopic heterostructure system containing copper quantum dots (Cu QDs) highly dispersed in the triphenyl-substituted triazine graphdiyne (TPTG) substrates (TPTG@CuQDs) to solve this problem. The copper quantum dots are uniformly anchored on TPTG substrates, generating a myriad of island-like heterogeneous structures, together with tandem toroidal built-in electric field (BIEF) between every micro heterointerface. The island-like heterostructure endows both benefits of exposed contact interface and robust architecture. Generated tandem toroidal BIEF provides efficient transport pathways with lower energy barriers, reducing the diffusion resistance and facilitating the reaction kinetics of potassium ions. When used as anode, the TPTG@CuQDs exhibit highly reversible capacity and low-capacity degradation (≈0.01% over 5560 cycles at 1 A g-1 ). Moreover, the TPTG@CuQDs-based full cell delivers an outstanding reversible capacity of ≈110 mAh g-1 over 800 cycles at 1 A g-1 . This quantum-scale heterointerface construction strategy offers a new approach toward stable heterostructure design for the application of metal ion batteries.

Association between Whole Grain Intake and Chronic Kidney Disease.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between whole grain intake and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association between whole grain intake and risk of CKD in Chinese adults. METHODS: The present cross-sectional study used data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 2009. Whole grain intake was measured using 3 consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and a household food inventory. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of CKD. In addition, a restricted cubic spline was used to investigate the dose‒response relationship between whole grain and risk of CKD. RESULTS: A total of 6747 participants were included, 728 of whom had CKD. Compared with those in the lowest whole grain intake group, those in the higher grain intake group had an inverse association with risk of CKD (Q2: adjusted OR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.89; Q3: adjusted OR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.69; and Q4: adjusted OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.41). The association between whole grain intake and CKD seems to be stronger for individuals who were male (P for interaction = 0.008) or smokers (P for interaction = 0.013). In addition, the restricted cubic spline suggested an obvious L-shaped correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Increased whole grain intake was associated with a decreased risk of CKD in Chinese adults.

rGO-PDMS Flexible Sensors Enabled Survival Decision System for Live Oysters.

The shell-closing strength (SCS) of oysters is the main parameter for physiological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of SCS as an indicator of live oyster health. This study developed a flexible pressure sensor system with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the substrate and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as the sensitive layer to monitor SCS in live oysters (rGO-PDMS). In the experiment, oysters of superior, medium and inferior grades were selected as research objects, and the change characteristics of SCS were monitored at 4 °C and 25 °C. At the same time, the time series model was used to predict the survival rate of live oyster on the basis of changes in their SCS characteristics. The survival times of superior, medium and inferior oysters at 4 °C and 25 °C were 31/25/18 days and 12/10/7 days, respectively, and the best prediction accuracies for survival rate were 89.32%/82.17%/79.19%. The results indicate that SCS is a key physiological indicator of oyster survival. The dynamic monitoring of oyster vitality by means of flexible pressure sensors is an important means of improving oyster survival rate. Superior oysters have a higher survival rate in low-temperature environments, and our method can provide effective and reliable survival prediction and management for the oyster industry.

Nanoliposomes co-encapsulating Ce6 and SB3CT against the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma with the integration of photodynamic therapy and NKG2D-related immunotherapy on A375 cells.

Purpose. To overcome the insufficiency of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treating metastatic melanoma, the combination of smart nanoparticles and PDT with immunotherapy was used to achieve a higher efficiency by accumulating more photosensitizers in tumor areas and triggering stronger immune responses against tumors after PDT.Methods. In this study, we designed a nanoliposome co-encapsulation of chlorin E6 (Ce6) and SB-3CT to realize significant antitumoral proliferation and metastasis efficacy after laser irradiation in A375 cells. The morphology, size distribution, and loading efficiency of Ce6-SB3CT@Liposome (Lip-SC) were characterized. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cytotoxicity were evaluated in A375 cells, and the mechanisms of natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing were assessed.Results. Lip-SC showed good stability and was well-dispersed with a diameter of approximately 140 nm in phosphate-buffered saline. The nanoliposomes could accumulate in tumor areas and induce apoptosis in cancer cells upon 660 nm light irradiation, which could trigger an immune response and induce the expression of NK group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands. The subsequently released SB-3CT could further activate NK cells effectively and strengthen the immune system by inhibiting the shedding of soluble NKG2D ligands.Discussion. Taken together, the synergistic effects of SB-3CT on nanoliposomes for Ce6-mediated PDT were analyzed in detail to provide a new platform for future anti-melanoma treatment.

A colorimetric sensing platform for azodicarbonamide detection in flour based on MnO2 nanosheets oxidative system.

Azodicarbonamide (ADA), as a dough conditioner food additive in flour, can be turned into toxic biurea and semicarbazide after high temperature processing. Hence, the using of ADA in food material should be strictly controlled, and the detection of ADA is very important for consumers' safety and health. Herein, a simple and fast colorimetric strategy has been developed for ADA detection based on the MnO2 nanosheets-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-glutathione (GSH) as oxidative sensing system (MnO2-TMB-GSH). Since the ADA can selectively react with GSH via oxidizing the sulfydryl (-SH) group of GSH to disulfide bond (S-S), which makes GSH unable to reduce MnO2 nanosheets and restore its oxidase-like activity. The absorbance changes of the TMB solution depended on ADA content. The MnO2-TMB-GSH colorimetric platform can detect the ADA with a linear range of 10 µmol L-1 (11.6 ppm) to 400 µmol L-1 (464 ppm), and the limit of detection (LOD) is 3.3 µmol L-1 (3.51 ppm). Some potential interferences in real sample were tested and did not affect the MnO2-TMB-GSH colorimetric platform for ADA detection. Furthermore, the sensing platform was applied for detecting ADA in real flour sample with a recovery of 96%-105% (RSD < 5%). This colorimetric method can effectively and rapidly detect ADA additives in flour less than the prescribed standard (45 mg kg-1), which shows a great potential for visualization analysis and on-site detection of ADA in flour. A simple and fast colorimetric strategy has been developed for azodicarbonamide (ADA) detection based on the MnO2 nanosheets-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-glutathione (GSH) as oxidative sensing system (MnO2-TMB-GSH).

Radiosensitivity enhancement by Co-NMS-mediated mitochondrial impairment in glioblastoma.

We investigated the radiosensitizing effects of Co-NMS, a derivative of nimesulide based on a cobalt carbonyl complex, on malignant glioma cells. In the zebrafish exposed to Co-NMS ranging from 5 to 20 µM, cell death and heat shock protein 70 expression in the brain and neurobehavioral performance were evaluated. Our data showed that Co-NMS at 5 µM did not cause the appreciable neurotoxicity, and thereby was given as a novel radiation sensitizer in further study. In the U251 cells, Co-NMS combined with irradiation treatment resulted in significant inhibition of cell growth and clonogenic capability as well as remarkable increases of G2/M arrest and apoptotic cell population compared to the irradiation alone treatment. This demonstrated that the Co-NMS administration exerted a strong potential of sensitizing effect on the irradiated cells. With regard to the tumor radiosensitization of Co-NMS, it could be primarily attributed to the Co-NMS-derived mitochondrial impairment, reflected by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the disruption of mitochondrial fusion and fission balance as well as redox homeostasis. Furthermore, the energy metabolism of the U251 cells was obviously suppressed by cotreatment with Co-NMS and irradiation through repressing mitochondrial function. Taken together, our findings suggested that Co-NMS could be a desirable drug to enhance the radiotherapeutic effects in glioblastoma patients.

Cardiac Inotropes Offer Protection of Renal Function in Patients with Kidney Transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Impaired cardiac function is one of the most concomitant symptoms in patients with kidney failure after long-term dialysis. In addition, the preservation of adequate perfusion pressure to the graft plays a significant role in the intraoperative management during kidney transplantation, but the use of positive inotropic drugs in kidney transplant patients has been studied less. We investigated the protective effects of renal function by means of cardiac inotropes in kidney transplant patients. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients that received kidney transplantation between April 2014 and December 2016 at Qilu Hospital were included and randomly divided into the treatment group receiving levosimendan and a control group. All kidney recipients received ABO-compatible donors. A poor outcome was defined as one of the following: delayed graft function, graft hemorrhage, or nephrectomy. RESULTS: The treatment group had a better composite outcome and the level of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was also lower than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Inotropic drugs may play a protective role in renal function in kidney transplantation.

Embryotoxicity assessment and efficient removal of naphthalene from water by irradiated graphene aerogels.

Naphthalene has remained a challenge how to eradicate it from the water because of its carcinogenic risk to humans. In the present study, naphthalene prominently increased the rates of embryonic mortality and malformation, and decreased the hatchability of zebrafish which have a high developmental similarity to humans. Moreover, multiple-organ toxicity were notably found in naphthalene-treated zebrafish. Here, irradiated graphene aerogel (IGA) was successfully prepared from high-energy electron beam to generate more wrinkles, folds, defects and a strong absorption capability for naphthalene, compared with the non-irradiated graphene aerogel. IGA was outstandingly found to remove naphthalene from the embryo culture medium, and subsequently inhibit the embryotoxicity and maintain tissue integrity by restoring cardiac function, attenuating apoptosis signals, recovering eye morphology and structure, reducing expression of heat shock protein 70 in the tissues and promoting behavioral capacity. Meanwhile, no obvious negative impact of IGA was found in the developing zebrafish from embryo to larvae. Consequently, reduction in the toxicity of naphthalene during zebrafish embryogenesis was mediated by IGA as an advanced strategy.

Visual determination of oxidation of edible oil by a nanofiber mat prepared from polyvinyl alcohol and Schiff's reagent.

A fiber mat was developed to visually determine the oxidation of edible oils, based on the colorimetric reaction of Schiff's reagent and aldehydes - the major volatile formed during lipid oxidation. The mixtures of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Schiff's reagent containing various amounts of glycerol were electrospun to form the fiber mats. The response of the PVA/Schiff's reagent fiber mats to gaseous hexanal (model aldehyde) was investigated. Oxidized soybean oils were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the PVA/Schiff's reagent fiber mat for indicating oxidation of the oils. The results showed that the fiber mats obtained had average fiber diameters of less than 100 nm. Upon hexanal exposure, the fiber mats turned from white to purple. Higher amount of glycerol led to larger color change of the fiber mats and shorter response time to hexanal. A linear relationship (R2 = 0.96) was observed between the color change of the mat and hexanal concentration (15-117 µmol L-1). The visual determination limit of the mat for hexanal was 29 µmol L-1. The color change of the PVA/Schiff's reagent fiber mat was increased with an increase of soybean oil oxidation. Out of the seven soybean oils tested, the PVA/Schiff's reagent fiber mat was able to correctly indicate the oxidation states of six oils. The result suggested that the visual determination method developed is a promising method to indicate the oxidation of edible oils, which can be performed easily by non-experts.Graphical abstract.

Facile Fabrication of Biomimetic Chitosan Membrane with Honeycomb-Like Structure for Enrichment of Glycosylated Peptides.

In the study of glycoproteomics with mass spectrometry, certain pretreatments of samples are required for eliminating the interference of nonglycopeptides and improving the efficiency of glycopeptides detection. Although hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has been developed for enrichment of glycosylated peptides, a plethora of hydrophilic materials always suffered from large steric hindrance, great cost, and difficulty with modifications of high-density hydrophilic groups. In this work, a 1 mm thick biomimetic honeycomb chitosan membrane (BHCM) with honeycomb-like accessible macropores was directly prepared by the freeze-casting method as an adsorbent for HILIC. The N-glycopeptides from trypsin digests of immunoglobulin G (IgG), mixture of IgG and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and serum proteins were enriched using this material and compared with a commercial material ZIC-HILIC. The biomimetic membrane could identify as many as 32 N-glycopeptides from the IgG digest, exhibiting high sensitivity (about 50 fmol) and a wide scope for glycopeptide enrichment. A molar ratio of IgG trypsin digest to bovine serum albumin trypsin digest as low as 1/500 verified the outstanding specificity and efficiency for glycopeptide enrichment. In addition, 270 unique N-glycosylation sites of 400 unique glycopeptides from 146 glycosylated proteins were identified from the triplicate analysis of 2 µL human serum. Furthermore, 48 unique O-glycosylation sites of 278 unique O-glycopeptides were identified from the triplicate analysis of 30 µg deglycosylated fetuin digest. These results indicated that the chitosan-based membrane prepared in this work had great potential for pretreatment of samples in glycoproteomics.

Fast fabrication of a hybrid monolithic column containing cyclic and aliphatic hydrophobic ligands via photo-initiated thiol-ene polymerization.

Three monomers, octakis (3-mercaptopropyl) octasilsesquioxane, 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane and isophytol were employed to synthesize a novel monolithic stationary phase via photo-initiated thiol-ene click polymerization for reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Several factors such as porogenic system, reaction time and the molar ratio of functional groups were investigated in detail. The resulting poly(POSS-co-TVCH-co-isophytol) monolithic column exhibited suitable permeability for fast separation and outstanding thermal stability. Five alkylbenzenes were employed to evaluate the ability of chromatographic separation of the resulting monolithic columns at different flow rates, and showed the highest column efficiencies of 90,200-93,100 N/m (corresponding to 10.4-10.6 µm of plate height) at a velocity of 0.41 mm/s. The baseline separations of five anilines and eight phenols further proved the applicability of poly(POSS-co-TVCH-co-isophytol) monolithic column in the separation of small molecules.

The protective effect and mechanism of rapamycin in the rat model of IgA nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of the development of IgA nephropathy has not been clear up to now. At present, some studies revealed that the mTOR pathway may participate in IgA nephropathy; however, the mechanism has not been systematically studied. In this study, we established an IgAN rat model to investigate the protective effects of rapamycin as a new type of immunosuppressant, as well as its therapeutic mechanisms. METHODS: After the establishment of IgA nephropathy model, rats were treated with different concentrations of rapamycin, and the protective effect of different concentrations of rapamycin on renal function of the rats was observed. The deposition of IgA was observed by immunofluorescence. The kidney expression of Akt and p70S6k proteins in mTOR pathway was examined using the western blot assay after rapamycin treatment. RESULTS: Morphology and immunofluorescence confirmed that the rat model of IgA nephropathy was successfully established. In particular, the level of proteinuria decreased with the increase of the dose of rapamycin, as well as the deposition of IgA in glomeruli. Moreover, the western blot analysis indicated that the expression of p70S6K in the downstream of mTOR pathway decreased and the upstream protein AKT of the mTOR pathway was overexpressed in the rats model. CONCLUSION: We found that rapamycin has protective effects in the IgA nephropathy rat model in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the result of western blot assay suggested that rapamycin may display its therapeutic effects through interfering the AKT-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway.

Conductometric immunoassay of alpha-fetoprotein in sera of liver cancer patients using bienzyme-functionalized nanometer-sized silica beads.

A conductometric immunoassay protocol was designed for the sensitive detection of a liver cancer biomarker, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), in biological fluids by using enzyme-conjugated nanometer-sized enzyme-doped silica beads. Initially, urease molecules were doped into nanosilica particles by using the reverse micelle method. Thereafter, arginase-labeled anti-AFP antibodies were covalently conjugated onto the surface of the synthesized nanoparticles. The immunoreaction was carried out in a monoclonal anti-AFP capture antibody-coated microplate with a sandwich-type assay format by using bienzyme-functionalized silica nanobeads as the recognition elements. Upon l-arginine introduction, the substrate was cleaved into urea and l-ornithine on the basis of the arginase enzymatic reaction, and the as-produced urea was then decomposed into ammonia (NH4+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions by the doped urease, thus causing the variation in the local conductivity of the detection solution on an interdigitated conductometric transducer. Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensing system exhibited good conductometric responses toward target AFP within a dynamic linear range of 0.01-100 ng mL-1 at a relatively low detection limit of 4.8 pg mL-1 based on the 3sB criterion. Importantly, good reproducibility, high specificity and acceptable method accuracy were acquired for the analysis of human serum specimens in liver cancer patients.

DNA-PKcs deficiency inhibits glioblastoma cell-derived angiogenesis after ionizing radiation.

DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) plays a critical role in non-homologous end-joining repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induced by ionizing radiation (IR). Little is known, however, regarding the relationship between DNA-PKcs and IR-induced angiogenesis; thus, in this study we aimed to further elucidate this relationship. Our findings revealed that lack of DNA-PKcs expression or activity sensitized glioma cells to radiation due to the defective DNA DSB repairs and inhibition of phosphorylated Akt(Ser473) . Moreover, DNA-PKcs deficiency apparently mitigated IR-induced migration, invasion and tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1) in conditioned media derived from irradiated DNA-PKcs mutant M059J glioma cells or M059K glioma cells that have inhibited DNA-PKcs kinase activity due to the specific inhibitor NU7026 or siRNA knockdown. Moreover, IR-elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion was abrogated by DNA-PKcs suppression. Supplemental VEGF antibody to irradiated-conditioned media was negated enhanced cell motility with a concomitant decrease in phosphorylation of the FAK(Try925) and Src(Try416) . Furthermore, DNA-PKcs suppression was markedly abrogated in IR-induced transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) accumulation, which is related to activation of VEGF transcription. These findings, taken together, demonstrate that depletion of DNA-PKcs in glioblastoma cells at least partly suppressed IR-inflicted migration, invasion, and tube formation of HMEC-1 cells, which may be associated with the reduced HIF-1α level and VEGF secretion. Inhibition of DNA-PKcs may be a promising therapeutic approach to enhance radio-therapeutic efficacy for glioblastoma by hindering its angiogenesis.

Efficacy and safety of carrimycin in ten patients with severe pneumonia following solid organ transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The number of patients undergoing solid organ transplantation has increased annually. However, infections in solid organ transplant recipients can have a severe effect on patient survival owing to the continued use of immunosuppressants. Carrimycin is a novel macrolide antibiotic produced by genetically engineered streptomyces spiramyceticus harboring a 4''-O-isovaleryltransferase gene (ist) from streptomyces thermotoleran. Carrimycin has good antibacterial and antiviral effects. However, no relevant studies have been conducted on the efficacy and safety of carrimycin in patients with severe pneumonia (SP) after solid organ transplantation. AIM: To explore the efficacy and safety of carrimycin in patients with SP after solid organ transplantation to provide a medication reference for clinical treatment. METHODS: In March 2022, ten patients with SP following solid-organ transplantation were treated at our hospital between January 2021 and March 2022. When the condition was critical and difficult to control with other drugs, carrimycin was administered. These ten patients' clinical features and treatment protocols were retrospectively analyzed, and the efficacy and safety of carrimycin for treating SP following solid organ transplantation were evaluated. RESULTS: All ten patients were included in the analysis. Regarding etiological agent detection, there were three cases of fungal pneumonia, two cases of bacterial pneumonia, two cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia, and three cases of mixed infections. After treatment with carrimycin, the disease in seven patients significantly improved, the course of the disease was significantly shortened, fever was quickly controlled, chest computed tomography was significantly improved, and oxygenation was significantly improved. Finally, the patients were discharged after curing. One patient died of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and two patients discontinued treatment. CONCLUSION: Carrimycin is a safe and effective treatment modality for SP following solid organ transplantation. Carrimycin may have antibacterial and antiviral effects in patients with SP following solid organ transplantation.

Multi-scale bioimpedance flexible sensing with causal hierarchical machine learning for fish vitality evaluation under adversity stress.

It is expected that waterless low-temperature stressful environments will induce stress responses in fish and affect their vitality. In this study, we developed a laser-activated, stretchable, highly conductive liquid metal (LM) based flexible sensor system for fish multi-scale bioimpedance detection. It has excellent conformability, electrical conductivity, bending and cyclic tensile stability. Meanwhile, test result showed that wireless power supply is a potential solution for realizing safe power supply for devices inside waterless low-temperature packages. In addition, a hierarchical regression model (GC-HRM) based on Granger causality was established. The result showed that tissue bioimpedance can induce changes in individual bioimpedance with unidirectional Granger causality. The R2 of the linear regression (LR), support vector regression (SVR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models under single-scale individual bioimpedance were 0.85, 0.90 and 0.78, respectively. By adding the multi-scale bioimpedance features, the R2 of the LR, SVR and ANN models were improved to 0.95, 1.00 and 0.98, respectively.

Diagnostic value of combined ultrasound contrast and elastography for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules: a meta-analysis.

The diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with ultrasound elastography for benign and malignant thyroid nodules is still controversial, so we used meta-analysis to seek controversial answers. The PubMed, OVID, and CNKI databases were searched according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature was selected from the establishment of each database to February 2024. The QUADAS-2 tool assessed diagnostic test accuracy. SROC curves and Spearman's correlation coefficient were made by Review Manager 5.4 software to assess the presence of threshold effects in the literature. Meta-Disc1.4 software was used for Cochrane-Q and χ2 tests, which be used to evaluate heterogeneity, with P-values and I2 indicating heterogeneity levels. The appropriate effect model was selected based on the results of the heterogeneity test. Stata18.0 software was used to evaluate publication bias. The diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with ultrasound elastography for benign and malignant thyroid nodules was evaluated by calculating the combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, DOR, and area under the SROC curve. A total of 31 studies included 3811 patients with 4718 nodules were analyzed. There is no heterogeneity caused by the threshold effect, but there is significant non-threshold heterogeneity. Combined diagnostic metrics were: sensitivity = 0.93, specificity = 0.91, DOR = 168.41, positive likelihood ratio = 10.60, and negative likelihood ratio = 0.07. The SROC curve area was 0.97. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and elastography show high diagnostic accuracy for thyroid nodules, offering a solid foundation for early diagnosis and treatment.Trial registration. CRD42024509462.

Design, synthesis, and application of some two-dimensional materials.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are widely used as key components in the fields of energy conversion and storage, optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, etc. To meet the practical needs, molecular structure design and aggregation process optimization have been systematically carried out. The intrinsic correlation between preparation methods and the characteristic properties is investigated. This review summarizes the recent research achievements of 2D materials in the aspect of molecular structure modification, aggregation regulation, characteristic properties, and device applications. The design strategies to fabricate functional 2D materials starting from precursor molecules are introduced in detail referring to organic synthetic chemistry and self-assembly technology. It provides important research ideas for the design and synthesis of related materials.

Study on Damage Characteristics and Failure Modes of Gypsum Rock under Dynamic Impact Load.

The objective of this work was to investigate the damage characteristics and failure modes of gypsum rock under dynamic impact loading. Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests were performed under different strain rates. The strain rate effects on the dynamic peak strength, dynamic elastic modulus, energy density, and crushing size of gypsum rock were analyzed. A numerical model of the SHPB was established using the finite element software, ANSYS 19.0, and its reliability was verified by comparing it to laboratory test results. The results showed that the dynamic peak strength and energy consumption density of gypsum rock increased exponentially with strain rate, and the crushing size decreased exponentially with the strain rate, both findings exhibited an obvious correlation. The dynamic elastic modulus was larger than the static elastic modulus, but did not show a significant correlation. Gypsum rock fracture can be divided into crack compaction, crack initiation, crack propagation, and breaking stages, and is dominated by splitting failure. With increasing strain rate, the interaction between cracks is noticeable, and the failure mode changes from splitting to crushing failure. These results provide theoretical support for improvements of the refinement process in gypsum mines.