Pseudohoeflea coraliihabitans sp. nov., a poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate-producing, halotolerant bacterium isolated from coral sediment in the Dapeng peninsula (Guangdong, China).

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, flagellated, rod-shaped, halotolerant, and poly-ß-hydroxyalkanoate-producing bacterium, designated DP4N28-3T, was isolated from offshore sediment surrounding hard coral in the Dapeng peninsula (Guangdong, PR China). Growth occurred at 15-35 °C (optimal at 30 °C), pH 6.0-9.5 (optimal at 6.0-7.0), and 0.0-30.0 % NaCl concentration (w/v, optimal at 0.0-2.0 %), showing halotolerance. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, five housekeeping genes, and genome sequences identified Pseudohoeflea suaedae DSM 23348T (98.1 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) as the most related species to strain DP4N28-3T. Average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity values between strain DP4N28-3T and P. suaedae DSM 23348T were all below the threshold of species demarcation. Major phenotypic differences were the flagella type and the limited sources of single carbon utilization by strain DP4N28-3T, which only included acetic acid, acetoacetic acid, d-glucuronic acid, and glucuronamide. Strain DP4N28-3T harboured the class I poly-ß-hydroxyalkanoate synthase gene (phaC) and produced poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate. The fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c, 49.4 %) and C16 : 0 (13.4 %). The major cellular polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol. The respiratory quinone was Q-10. The results of the phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that the isolated strain represents the type strain of a novel species. Based on these results, strain DP4N28-3T (=MCCC 1K05639T=KCTC 82803T) is proposed as the type strain of the novel species Pseudohoeflea coraliihabitans sp. nov.

Maritimibacter dapengensis sp. nov., a poly-ß-hydroxyalkanoates-producing bacterium isolated from sediment of the Dapeng peninsula (Guangdong, China).

A Gram-negative, obligate aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium lacking a flagellum, was isolated from sediment sampled at the Dapeng peninsula of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, and designated strain DP4N28-5T. Growth of strain DP4N28-5T occurred at 15-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at 6.0) and in 2.0-10.0 % NaCl (w/v; optimum at 2.0-3.0 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DP4N28-5T was most closely related to Maritimibacter alkaliphilus DSM 100037T (97.6 %; sequence similarity). The strain synthesized a trace amount of poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate. The dominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c), C16 : 0, 11-mehtyl C18 : 1 ω7c and C16 : 0 2-OH. The major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. The respiratory quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 62.0 mol% and the estimated genome size was 3.9 Mbp. The calculated average nucleotide value between strain DP4N28-5T and M. alkaliphilus DSM 100037T was 78.1 %. The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic differences between strain DP4N28-5T and its phylogenetic relatives indicate that DP4N28-5T represents a novel species in the genus Maritimibacter, for which the name Maritimibacter dapengensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DP4N28-5T (=MCCC 1K05640T=KCTC 82805T). The description of genus Maritimibacter was emended to include this new species.

Mameliella sediminis sp. nov., a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate-accumulating bacterium.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, capable of producing poly-ß-hydroxyalkanoate, designated DP3N28-2T, was isolated from the sediment collected from Daya Bay, Guangdong, PR China. Optimal growth occurred at 37-40 °C, pH 6.0 and in the presence of 4 % NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis revealed that DP3N28-2T showed highest similarities with Mameliella alba DSM 23384T (98.3 %), Antarctobacter jejuensis 13-2-B6T (97.2 %), Antarctobacter heliothermus El-219T (96.8 %), Maliponia aquimaris MM-10T (96.7 %), Ponticoccus litoralis CL-GR66T (96.4 %) and Aquicoccus porphyridii L1 8-17T (96.1 %). The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c; 72.1 %) and C16 : 0 (11.0 %). The polar lipids contain phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one aminophosphlipid, one phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. The respiratory quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 63.0 mol% (data from the genome sequence). The estimated genome size was 5.12 Mb. The average nucleotide identity values between the DP3N28-2T genome and the genome of M. alba was 81.1 %, while the digital DNA-DNA hybridization value was 23.4 %. The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic differences between DP3N28-2T and its phylogenetic relatives indicates that DP3N28-2T should be regarded as representing a novel species of the genus Mameliella, for which the name Mameliella sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DP3N28-2T (=MCCC 1K06218T=KCTC 82804T).

Thauera lacus sp. nov., isolated from a saline lake in Inner Mongolia.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated D20T, was isolated from the saline Lake Dai in Inner Mongolia, PR China. Growth of strain D20T occurred at 25-45 °C (optimum, 40 °C), pH 4.0-12.0 (optimum, 8.0) and with 0-3 % NaCl (w/v); (optimum, 0-1 %). The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain D20T was most closely related to three Thauera species, Thaueraselenatis AXT, Thaueraaminoaromatica S2T and Thaueraaromatica K172T, with a similarity value of 96.2 %. The major respiratory quinone of strain D20T was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and the dominant fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c; 39.8 %), C16 : 0 (30.9 %) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c; 13.5 %). The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one aminophospholipid and five unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 67.2 mol% (data from the genome sequence). The estimated genome size was 3.7 Mb. The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic differences between strain D20T and its phylogenetic relatives indicated that strain D20T should be regarded as a novel species in the genus Thauera, for which the name Thaueralacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D20T (=MCCC 1H00305T=KCTC 62586T).

Aquiflexum aquatile sp. nov., isolated from lake water.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, red-coloured, rod-shaped, non-flagellated, non-motile and non-gliding bacterium, designated strain Z0201T, was isolated from lake water in Yunnan, China (26° 16' N, 99° 94' E). Cells of strain Z0201T were 0.2-0.4 µm wide and 1.4-2.5 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Strain Z0201T was found to grow at 4-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (pH 7.5) in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (0-0.5 %). The sole respiratory quinone of strain Z0201T was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. The major fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0 (49.4 %). The polar lipid profile of strain Z0201T consisted of aminophospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain Z0201T was a member of the genus Aquiflexum, appearing to be closely related to Aquiflexum balticum (95.4 %). On the basis of phenotypic distinctiveness and phylogenetic divergence, strain Z0201T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aquiflexum, for which the name Aquiflexumaquatile sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Z0201T (=KCTC 62450T=MCCC 1H00328T).

Aliidiomarina celeris sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, heterotrophic, facultative anaerobic, gliding and motile bacterium, approximately 0.6-0.9 µm wide and 1.5-2.6 µm long, designated F3105T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected along the coast of Rongcheng, China . The growth of strain F3105T occurred on media with 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0-3.0 %) and a pH of 6.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) at 4-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C). The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and chemotaxonomic data revealed that the isolate belonged to the genus Aliidiomarina, and is closely related to Aliidiomarina shirensis (95.9 % sequence similarity). The sole isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0, and its polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, aminolipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. The DNA G+C content of strain F3105T was 49.5 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic distinctiveness and phylogenetic divergence, strain F3105T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aliidiomarina, for which the name Aliidiomarinaceleris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F3105T (=MCCC 1H00223T=KCTC 52891T).

Confluentibacter citreus sp. nov., isolated from lake sediment, and emended description of the genus Confluentibacter.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated XJNYT, was isolated from Sayram Lake (44° 30' 30.41″ N 81° 12' 39.55″ E), Xinjiang Province, north-west China, and was characterized taxonomically by a polyphasic study. Strain XJNYT grew at salinities of 0-4 % (w/v) and temperatures of 4-37 °C. The pH range for growth was 6.5-8.5. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain XJNYT belonged to the genus Confluentibacter and was closely related to the type strain of Confluentibacter lentus with 97.8 % similarity. The DNA G+C content was 34.5 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, C17 : 0 2-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. On the basis of morphological, physiological and molecular properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain XJNYT represents a novel species within the genus Confluentibacter, for which the name Confluentibactercitreus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XJNYT (=KCTC 52638T=MCCC 1H00183T).

Salinimicrobium flavum sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-gliding, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated X7T, was isolated from marine sediment taken from the coast of Weihai, China. Strain X7T grew optimally at 28-30 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain X7T was a member of the genus Salinimicrobium and was most closely related to the species Salinimicrobium gaetbulicola with a 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value. The major cellular fatty acids of strain X7T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 2-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids of strain X7T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-6, and the genomic DNA G+C content was 46.7 mol%. Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic results indicated that strain X7T represents a novel species of the genus Salinimicrobium, for which the name Salinimicrobium flavum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is X7T (=KCTC 42585T=MCCC 1H00115T).