Contribution of Immune Responses to the Cardiotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity of Deltamethrin in Early Life Stage Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Deltamethrin (DM) is a widely used insecticide that has demonstrated developmental toxicity in the early life stages of fish. To better characterize the underlying mechanisms, embryos from Tg(cmlc2:RFP), Tg(apo14:GFP), and Tg(mpx:GFP) transgenic strains of zebrafish were exposed to nominal DM concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 25, and 50 µg/L until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Heart size increased 56.7%, and liver size was reduced by 17.1% in zebrafish exposed to 22.7 and 24.2 µg/L DM, respectively. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses predicted that key biological processes affected by DM exposure were related to inflammatory responses. Expression of IL-1 protein was increased by 69.0% in the 24.4 µg/L DM treatment, and aggregation of neutrophils in cardiac and hepatic histologic sections was also observed. Coexposure to resatorvid, an anti-inflammatory agent, mitigated inflammatory responses and cardiac toxicity induced by DM and also restored liver biomass. Our data indicated a complex proinflammatory mechanism underlying DM-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity which may be important for key events of adverse outcomes and associated risks of DM to early life stages of fish.

Aquatic and sediment ecotoxicity data of difenoconazole and its potential environmental risks in ponds bordering rice paddies.

Difenoconazole has a widespread agricultural use to control fungal diseases in crops, including rice. In edge-of-field surface waters the residues of this lipophilic fungicide may be toxic to both pelagic and benthic organisms. To allow an effect assessment we mined the regulatory and open literature for aquatic toxicity data. Since published sediment toxicity data were scarce we conducted 28 d sediment-spiked toxicity test with 8 species of benthic macroinvertebrates. Ecotoxicological threshold levels for effects were assessed by applying the species sensitivity distribution approach. Based on short-term L(E)C50's for aquatic organisms from water-only tests an acute Hazardous Concentration to 5% of the species (HC5) of 100 µg difenoconazole/L was obtained, while the HC5 based on chronic NOEC values was a factor of 104 lower (0.96 µg difenoconazole/L). For benthic macroinvertebrates the chronic HC5, based on 28d-L(E)C10 values, was 0.82 mg difenoconazole/kg dry weight sediment. To allow a risk assessment for water- and sediment-dwelling organisms, exposure concentrations were predicted for the water and sediment compartment of an edge-of-field pond bordering rice paddies treated with difenoconazole using the Chinese Top-Rice modelling approach, the Chinese Nanchang exposure scenario and the Equilibrium Partitioning theory. It appeared that in the vast majority of the 20 climate years simulated, potential risks to aquatic and sediment organisms cannot be excluded. Although the HC5 values based on laboratory toxicity data provide one line of evidence only, our evaluation suggests population- and community-level effects on these organisms due to chronic risks in particular.

Glycine to valine substitution in the short intracellular linkers of domain II enhances I1011M-mediated sodium channel resistance to Type I pyrethroids, but not Type II pyrethroids.

Pyrethroids are widely used against agricultural pests and human disease vectors due to their broad insecticidal spectrum, fast action, and low mammalian toxicity. Unfortunately, overuse of pyrethroids has led to knockdown resistance (kdr) caused by mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels. Mutation I1011M was repeatedly detected in numerous pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti populations from Latin American and Brazil. In addition, mutation G923V was first reported to coexist with I1011M in permethrin/DDT-resistant Ae. aegypti, whether G923V enhances the I1011M-mediated pyrethroid resistance in sodium channels remains unclear. In this study, we introduced mutations G923V and I1011M alone or in combination into the pyrethroid-sensitive sodium channel AaNav1-1 and examined the effects of these mutations on gating properties and pyrethroid sensitivity. We found mutations I1011M and G923V + I1011M shifted the voltage dependence of activation in the depolarizing direction, and none of mutations affect the voltage-dependence of inactivation. G923V and G923V + I1011M mutations reduced the channel sensitivity to both Type I and Type II pyrethroids. However, I1011M alone conferred resistance to Type I pyrethroids, not to Type II pyrethroids. Interestingly, significant synergism effects on Type I pyrethroids were observed between mutations G923V and I1011M. The effects of all mutations on channel sensitivity to DDT were identical with those to Type I pyrethroids. Our results confirm the molecular basis of resistance mediated by mutations G923V and I1011M and may contribute to develop molecular markers for monitoring pest resistance to pyrethroids.

Antenna-Biased Odorant Receptor PstrOR17 Mediates Attraction of Phyllotreta striolata to (S)-Cis-Verbenol and (-)-Verbenone.

Phyllotreta striolata, the striped flea beetle, is one of the most destructive pests in Brassicaceae plants worldwide. Given the drawbacks associated with long-term use of chemical insecticides, green strategies based on chemical ecology are an effective alternative for beetle control. However, the lack of information on beetle ecology has hindered the development of effective biocontrol strategies. In this report, we identified two odorants, (S)-cis-verbenol and (-)-verbenone, which displayed significant attraction for P. striolata (p < 0.05), indicating their great potential for P. striolata management. Using the Drosophila "empty neuron" system, an antenna-biased odorant receptor, PstrOR17, was identified as responsible for the detection of (-)-verbenone and (S)-cis-verbenol. Furthermore, the interactions between PstrOR17 and (-)-verbenone or (S)-cis-verbenol were predicted via modeling and molecular docking. Finally, we used RNAi to confirm that PstrOR17 is essential for the detection of (-)-verbenone and (S)-cis-verbenol to elicit an attraction effect. Our results not only lay a foundation for the development of new and effective nonchemical insecticide strategies based on (S)-cis-verbenol and (-)-verbenone, but also provide new insight into the molecular basis of odorant recognition in P. striolata.

A potential link between aromatics-induced oviposition repellency behaviors and specific odorant receptor of Aedes albopictus.

BACKGROUND: The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is a competent vector for the spread of several viral arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Several vital mosquito behaviors linked to survival and reproduction are primarily dependent on a sophisticated olfactory system for semiochemical perception. However, a limited number of studies has hampered our understanding of the relationship between the A. albopictus acute olfactory system and the complex chemical world. RESULTS: Here, we performed a qRT-PCR assay on antennae from A. albopictus of differing sex, age and physiological states, and found that AalbOr10 was enriched in blood-fed female mosquitoes. We then undertook single sensillum recording to de-orphan AalbOr10 using a panel of physiologically and behaviorally relevant odorants in a Drosophila 'empty neuron' system. The results indicated that AalbOr10 was activated by seven aromatic compounds, all of which hampered egg-laying in blood-fed mosquitoes. Furthermore, using a post-RNA interference oviposition assay, we found that reducing the transcript level of AalbOr10 affected repellent activity mediated by 2-ethylphenol at low concentrations (10-4 vol/vol). Computational modeling and molecular docking studies suggested that hydrogen bonds to Y68 and Y150 mediated the interaction of 2-ethylphenol with AalbOr10. CONCLUSION: We reveal a potential link between aromatics-induced oviposition repellency behaviors and a specific odorant receptor in A. albopictus. Our findings provide a foundation for identifying active semiochemicals for the monitoring or controlling of mosquito populations. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Increased risk of subsequent primary lung cancer among female hormone-related cancer patients: A meta-analysis based on over four million cases.

BACKGROUND: The incidence rate of lung cancer in women has significantly increased over the past decade, and previous evidence has indicated a significant relationship between the elevated levels of sex hormones and the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that female hormone-related cancer (FHRC) patients, including breast, endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer patients, may experience a higher risk of developing subsequent lung cancer. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the risk of lung cancer among FHRC patients compared to the general population. METHODS: The PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases were searched up to May 11, 2022. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to identify the risk of subsequent lung cancer after FHRC. Subgroup analyses based on the follow-up time and tumor type were also conducted. RESULTS: A total of 58 retrospective cohort studies involving 4,360,723 FHRC participants were included. The pooled results demonstrated that FHRC patients had a significantly increased risk of developing subsequent primary lung cancer (SIR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.48-1.76, P <0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed an obvious trend of increasing lung cancer risk over time (SIRs for <5 years, ≥5 years, ≥10 years, ≥20 years, and ≥30 years after FHRC: 1.32, 1.59, 1.57, 1.68, and 1.95, respectively). In addition, subgroup analysis stratified by tumor type indicated an increased risk of developing subsequent lung cancer after breast (SIR = 1.25, P <0.001), endometrial (SIR = 1.40, P = 0.019), cervical (SIR = 2.56, P <0.001), and ovarian cancer (SIR = 1.50, P = 0.010). CONCLUSION: FHRC patients are more likely to develop lung cancer than the general population. Furthermore, the increased risk of subsequent primary lung cancer is more obvious with a longer survival time and is observed in all types of hormone-related cancer. REGISTRATION: International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols: No. INPLASY202270044; https://inplasy.com/.

On-site rapid detection of multiple pesticide residues in tea leaves by lateral flow immunoassay.

The application of pesticides (mostly insecticides and fungicides) during the tea-planting process will undoubtedly increase the dietary risk associated with drinking tea. Thus, it is necessary to ascertain whether pesticide residues in tea products exceed the maximum residue limits. However, the complex matrices present in tea samples comprise a major challenge in the analytical detection of pesticide residues. In this study, nine types of lateral flow immunochromatographic strips (LFICSs) were developed to detect the pesticides of interest (fenpropathrin, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and iprodione). To reduce the interference of tea substrates on the assay sensitivity, the pretreatment conditions for tea samples, including the extraction solvent, extraction time, and purification agent, were optimized for the simultaneous detection of these pesticides. The entire testing procedure (including pretreatment and detection) could be completed within 30 min. The detected results of authentic tea samples were confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), which suggest that the LFICS coupled with sample rapid pretreatment can be used for on-site rapid screening of the target pesticide in tea products prior to their market release.

A facile electrochemical aptasensor for chloramphenicol detection based on synergistically photosensitization enhanced by SYBR Green I and MoS2.

This study reports the development of a photocatalytic electrochemical aptasensor for the purpose of detecting chloramphenicol (CAP) antibiotic residues in water by utilizing SYBR Green I (SG) and chemically exfoliated MoS2 (ce-MoS2) as synergistically signal-amplification platforms. The Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrodeposited onto the surface of an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. After that, the thiolate-modified cDNA, also known as capture DNA, was combined with the aptamer. Subsequently, photosensitized SG molecules and ce-MoS2 nanomaterial were inserted into the groove of the resultant double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The activation of the photocatalytic process upon exposure to light resulted in the generation of singlet oxygen. The singlet oxygen effectively split the dsDNA, resulting in significant enhancement in the current of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-. When the CAP was present, both SG molecules and ce-MoS2 broke away from the dsDNA, which turned off the photosensitization response, leading to significant reduction in the current of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-. Under the optimal conditions, the aptasensor exhibited a linear relationship between the current of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- with logarithmic concentrations of CAP from 20 to 1000 nM, with a detection of limit (3σ) of 3.391 nM. The aptasensor also demonstrated good selectivity towards CAP in the presence of interfering antibiotics, such as tetracycline, streptomycin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfadimethoxine. Additionally, the results obtained from the analysis of natural water samples using the proposed aptasensor were consistent with the findings acquired through the use of a liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Therefore, with its simplicity and high selectivity, this aptasensor can potentially detect alternative antibiotics in environmental water samples by replacing the aptamers based on photosensitization.