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In this issue of Molecular Cell, Chen et al. (2020) report the structural transition during DNA-dependent activation of DNA-PK, shedding light on the mechanism by which kinase inhibitors and auto-phosphorylation-deficient DNA-PKcs compromise non-homologous end-joining (Chen et al., 2020).
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Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Proteínas Nucleares , ADN/genética , Reparación del ADN por Unión de Extremidades , Proteína Quinasa Activada por ADN/genética , Proteína Quinasa Activada por ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Autoantígeno Ku/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , FosforilaciónRESUMEN
The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which comprises the KU heterodimer and a catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), is a classical non-homologous end-joining (cNHEJ) factor1. KU binds to DNA ends, initiates cNHEJ, and recruits and activates DNA-PKcs. KU also binds to RNA, but the relevance of this interaction in mammals is unclear. Here we use mouse models to show that DNA-PK has an unexpected role in the biogenesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and in haematopoiesis. The expression of kinase-dead DNA-PKcs abrogates cNHEJ2. However, most mice that both expressed kinase-dead DNA-PKcs and lacked the tumour suppressor TP53 developed myeloid disease, whereas all other previously characterized mice deficient in both cNHEJ and TP53 expression succumbed to pro-B cell lymphoma3. DNA-PK autophosphorylates DNA-PKcs, which is its best characterized substrate. Blocking the phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at the T2609 cluster, but not the S2056 cluster, led to KU-dependent defects in 18S rRNA processing, compromised global protein synthesis in haematopoietic cells and caused bone marrow failure in mice. KU drives the assembly of DNA-PKcs on a wide range of cellular RNAs, including the U3 small nucleolar RNA, which is essential for processing of 18S rRNA4. U3 activates purified DNA-PK and triggers phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at T2609. DNA-PK, but not other cNHEJ factors, resides in nucleoli in an rRNA-dependent manner and is co-purified with the small subunit processome. Together our data show that DNA-PK has RNA-dependent, cNHEJ-independent functions during ribosome biogenesis that require the kinase activity of DNA-PKcs and its phosphorylation at the T2609 cluster.
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Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , Hematopoyesis/genética , Autoantígeno Ku/metabolismo , Linfoma/enzimología , Linfoma/fisiopatología , ARN Ribosómico 18S/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/genética , Dominio Catalítico/fisiología , Reparación del ADN/genética , Activación Enzimática/genética , Células HeLa , Humanos , Linfoma/genética , Modelos Animales , Mutación , Fosforilación , Unión Proteica , Biosíntesis de Proteínas/genética , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , ARN Nucleolar Pequeño/metabolismoRESUMEN
The nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is a major DNA double-strand break repair pathway in mammals and is essential for lymphocyte development. Ku70 and Ku80 heterodimer (KU) initiates NHEJ, thereby recruiting and activating the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs). While DNA-PKcs deletion only moderately impairs end-ligation, the expression of kinase-dead DNA-PKcs completely abrogates NHEJ. Active DNA-PK phosphorylates DNA-PKcs at two clusters-PQR around S2056 (S2053 in mouse) and ABCDE around T2609. Alanine substitution at the S2056 cluster moderately compromises end-ligation on plasmid-based assays. But, mice carrying alanine substitution at all five serine residues within the S2056 cluster (DNA-PKcsPQR/PQR) display no defect in lymphocyte development, leaving the physiological significance of S2056 cluster phosphorylation elusive. Xlf is a nonessential NHEJ factor. Xlf -/- mice have substantial peripheral lymphocytes that are completely abolished by the loss of DNA-PKcs, the related ATM kinases, other chromatin-associated DNA damage response factors (e.g., 53BP1, MDC1, H2AX, and MRI), or RAG2-C-terminal regions, suggesting functional redundancy. While ATM inhibition does not further compromise end-ligation, here we show that in XLF-deficient background, DNA-PKcs S2056 cluster phosphorylation is critical for normal lymphocyte development. Chromosomal V(D)J recombination from DNA-PKcsPQR/PQRXlf -/- B cells is efficient but often has large deletions that jeopardize lymphocyte development. Class-switch recombination junctions from DNA-PKcsPQR/PQRXlf -/- mice are less efficient and the residual junctions display decreased fidelity and increased deletion. These findings establish a role for DNA-PKcs S2056 cluster phosphorylation in physiological chromosomal NHEJ, implying that S2056 cluster phosphorylation contributes to the synergy between XLF and DNA-PKcs in end-ligation.
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Proteínas Quinasas , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Animales , Ratones , Fosforilación , Alanina , Linfocitos B , Proteína Quinasa Activada por ADN , Mamíferos , Proteínas de Unión al ADNRESUMEN
Antibacterial resistance in wild animals has been increasingly reported worldwide, even though they are usually not directly exposed to clinically relevant antibiotics. Crested ibis, one of the rarest birds in the world, usually forages in paddy fields and prefer to nest and breed near villages that is greatly influenced by anthropogenic activities. We sampled the feces of crested ibises, as well as their habitat environment samples, to explore the pollution characteristics of heavy metals, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Results showed that the pollution characteristics of heavy metals, antibiotic, ARGs and gut microbiota of crested ibis were more related by host lifestyle and habitats. Captive ibises had higher relative abundances of the total ARGs and tetracycline concentrations compared with feralization and wild ibises, while the heavy metal contents had shown the opposite result. The Characteristics of pollutants in the corresponding environmental samples also exhibited high similarity with the results of fecal samples. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were significantly different between captive and wild individuals, while the abundance of majority bacterial genera was generally higher in wild populations. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil (Cd, Cu and Zn) and water (Cd, Cu, Zn and Cr) were both exceeded the background soil levels or surface water quality standards, suggesting multi-element contamination in the habitat. Ecological risk assessments of soils by Igeo and Er showed that the habitats of wild ibises were heavily and moderately contaminated by Cd, which would possibly pose a threat to the health of ibises. PLS-PM analysis indicated that microbial compositions and residual antibiotics had the most substantial impact on the dynamic changes in ARGs of ibis. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics, risks of those contaminations, and their effects on the ARGs in the habitat of crested ibis.
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CtIP is a DNA end resection factor widely implicated in alternative end-joining (A-EJ)-mediated translocations in cell-based reporter systems. To address the physiological role of CtIP, an essential gene, in translocation-mediated lymphomagenesis, we introduced the T855A mutation at murine CtIP to nonhomologous end-joining and Tp53 double-deficient mice that routinely succumbed to lymphomas carrying A-EJ-mediated IgH-Myc translocations. T855 of CtIP is phosphorylated by ATM or ATR kinases upon DNA damage to promote end resection. Here, we reported that the T855A mutation of CtIP compromised the neonatal development of Xrcc4-/-Tp53-/- mice and the IgH-Myc translocation-driven lymphomagenesis in DNA-PKcs-/-Tp53-/- mice. Mechanistically, the T855A mutation limits DNA end resection length without affecting hairpin opening, translocation frequency, or fork stability. Meanwhile, after radiation, CtIP-T855A mutant cells showed a consistent decreased Chk1 phosphorylation and defects in the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. Consistent with the role of T855A mutation in lymphomagenesis beyond translocation, the CtIP-T855A mutation also delays splenomegaly in λ-Myc mice. Collectively, our study revealed a role of CtIP-T855 phosphorylation in lymphomagenesis beyond A-EJ-mediated chromosomal translocation.
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Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Daño del ADN/genética , Linfoma/genética , Linfoma/patología , Fosforilación/genética , Animales , Proteínas de la Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutada/genética , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular/genética , Ratones , Mutación/genética , Translocación Genética/genéticaRESUMEN
Cucumber is a warm climate vegetable that is sensitive to chilling reactions. Chilling can occur at any period of cucumber growth and development and seriously affects the yield and quality of cucumber. Hydrogen (H2) is a type of antioxidant that plays a critical role in plant development and the response to stress. Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) is the main way to use exogenous hydrogen. This study explored the role and mechanism of HRW in the cucumber defense response to chilling stress. The research results showed that applying 50% saturated HRW to the roots of cucumber seedlings relieved the damage caused by chilling stress. The growth and development indicators, such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight, fresh weight, and root length, increased under the HRW treatment. Photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll content, and Fv/Fm also improved and reduced energy dissipation. In addition, after HRW treatment, the REC and MDA content were decreased, and membrane lipid damage was reduced. NBT and DAB staining results showed that the color was lighter, and the area was smaller under HRW treatment. Additionally, the contents of O2- and H2O2 also decreased. Under chilling stress, the application of HRW increased the activity of the antioxidases SOD, CAT, POD, GR, and APX and improved the expression of the SOD, CAT, POD, GR, and APX antioxidase genes. The GSSG content was reduced, and the GSH content was increased. In addition, the ASA content also increased. Therefore, exogenous HRW is an effective measure for cucumber to respond to chilling stress.
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Cucumis sativus , Cucumis sativus/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Agua/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Plantones/metabolismoRESUMEN
We present a class of partially coherent light sources having Airy-type amplitude and Airy-correlated spatial coherence. We show that the light beam generated by such sources can preserve the Airy beam pattern well during its propagation from source to far field. We demonstrate the robustness of the Airy beam pattern by introducing a hard aperture to largely block the beam source. We find that the coherence-induced Airy beam pattern can still be well reconstructed during propagation. We successfully synthesize such partially coherent source using the principle of complex random modes decomposition by using a single phase-only spatial light modulator. The proposed robust Airy beam pattern may find applications in information transmission through complex media.
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Considering the high importance of the rapid detection of chloride ion (Cl-) in sweat for the diagnosis of fibrotic cysts, we have investigated the heterogeneous halide exchange between CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) in n-hexane and Cl- in aqueous solution. The results show that CsPbBr3 PNCs could achieve fast halide exchange with Cl- in the aqueous phase under magnetic stirring at pH = 1, accompanied by a significant wavelength blue shift and vivid fluorescence color changes from green to blue. Therefore, a fluorescence wavelength shift-based colorimetric sensing of Cl- based on the halide exchange of CsPbBr3 PNCs has been developed to realize the rapid detection of Cl- in sweat. Compared with the conventional fluorescence intensity-based method, this method is of high convenience since the whole procedure could be achieved within 5 min without any sample pretreatment (even no dilution), demonstrating promising application prospects. Graphical Abstract Fluorescence wavelength-shift based colorimetric sensing of chloride in sweat via halide exchange of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals.
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Cloruros/análisis , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Nanopartículas/química , Sudor/química , Bromuros/química , Cesio/química , Colorimetría/métodos , Humanos , Plomo/química , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia/métodosRESUMEN
The defect-tolerant nature of lead halide perovskites renders outstanding luminescence by simple space-confined growth in nanopores. The fluorescence turn-on and wavelength-shift phenomena could be found in the formation of methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) nanocrystals in hollow SiO2 nanospheres triggered by the reaction between methylamine (MA) gas and HPbBr3/PbBr2@SiO2 nanospheres. The enhanced fluorescence intensity is linear with the MA concentration in the range of 1.0-95 ppm with a limit of detection (LOD) of 70 ppb (S/N = 3). In addition, the maximum emission wavelength is consistently red-shifted from 478.7 to 510.6 nm as the MA concentration increases from 1.0 to 95 ppm, imparting the potential for colorimetric sensing. By combining the fluorescence turn-on and colorimetric sensing modes, the flexible method meets the demands for visual discrimination and point-of-care determination with portable devices.
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Fluorescencia , Plomo/química , Metilaminas/análisis , Nanopartículas/química , Colorimetría , Gases/análisis , Tamaño de la Partícula , Porosidad , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
The peroxide number of edible oil relates to its quality. The classical determination methods for the peroxide number are still unsatisfactory due to their complexity and poor reproducibility in the analytical process and their incapability of field rapid detection. In this study, a novel wavelength-shift-based visual method has been developed for the peroxide number determination of edible oil using halide perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbBr3 NCs). In the analysis, the edible oil sample underwent redox reactions with a part of oleylammonium iodide (OLAM-I) in advance. Then, the halogen exchange occurred between the added CsPbBr3 NCs and the iodide ions from the residual OLAM-I. The resulting wavelength shift of the fluorescence emission reflects the peroxide number in the edible oil sample. Under the ultraviolet light excitation at 365 nm, the apparent color of the photoluminescence could directly be compared with a color chart to determine and qualify the peroxide number. Using the approach, the visual detection of the peroxide number of edible oil samples on site could be realized. The detection process takes only â¼15 min and is convenient and accurate.
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In all eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a tubular network whose generation requires the fusion of ER membranes. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the membrane-bound GTPase ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 (RHD3) is a potential candidate to mediate ER fusion. In addition, Arabidopsis has two tissue-specific isoforms of RHD3, namely RHD3-like (RL) proteins, and their function is not clear. Here, we show that a null allele of RHD3, rhd3-8, causes growth defects and shortened root hairs. A point mutant, rhd3-1, exhibits a more severe growth phenotype than the null mutant, likely because it exerts a dominant-negative effect on the RL proteins. Genetic analysis reveals that the double deletion of RHD3 and RL1 is lethal and that the rhd3 rl2 plants produce no viable pollen, suggesting that the RL proteins are redundant to RHD3. RHD3 family proteins can replace Sey1p, the homolog of RHD3 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), in the maintenance of ER morphology, and they are able to fuse membranes both in vivo and in vitro. Our results suggest that RHD3 proteins mediate ER fusion and are essential for plant development and that the formation of the tubular ER network is of general physiological significance.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/enzimología , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dinaminas/metabolismo , Retículo Endoplásmico , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/metabolismo , Fusión de Membrana , Desarrollo de la Planta , Eliminación de Gen , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismoRESUMEN
In this study, a wavelength-shift-based colorimetric sensing approach for the peroxide number of milk powder using CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbBr3 NCs) has been developed. Through the fat extraction, REDOX reactions and halogen exchange, as well as the optimized experimental conditions, a colorimetric sensing method was established to determine the peroxide number of milk powder samples. The integrated process of milk powder fat extraction and the REDOX process greatly shortened the determination time. This colorimetric method has a good linear correlation in the range of the peroxide number from 0.02 to 1.96 mmol/kg, and the detection limit was found to be 3 µmol/kg. This study further deepens the application prospect of wavelength-shift-based colorimetric sensing using CsPbBr3 NCs.
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Nanopartículas , Peróxidos , Animales , Polvos , Colorimetría , LecheRESUMEN
Introduction: While studies indicate that high self-control may serve as a safeguard against problematic internet use, there's evidence suggesting that problematic internet use can, in turn, diminish self-control. This study aimed to elucidate the longitudinal interplay between internet self-control and problematic internet use in adolescents, employing cross-lagged panel modeling. Furthermore, drawing from a positive psychology perspective, we examined the potential role of 'meaning in life' as a protective mediator within this longitudinal relationship. We then constructed a mediation model to explore protective factors against problematic internet use. Methods: Through a questionnaire, we tracked 659 adolescents (331 males and 328 females; mean age=13.61) in a longitudinal design across two time points, spaced at five-month intervals, to assess their internet self-control, problematic internet use, and meaning in life. Results: Results of the cross-lagged panel models showed that: Internet self-control had a significant negative impact on problematic internet use after five months (ß = -0.094, p < 0.01). Conversely, problematic internet use had a significant negative impact on internet self-control after five months (ß = -0.099, p < 0.05). Results from the longitudinal mediation model showed that: Meaning in life mediated the effect of internet self-control on problematic internet use after five months (ßinternet self-control(T1)-meaning in life(T2) = 0.142, p < 0.01; ßmeaning in life(T1)-problematic internet use (T2) = -0.075, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study uncovers a reciprocal predictive relationship between internet self-control and problematic internet use, while highlighting the mediating role of meaning in life within this relationship. These findings suggest that fostering internet self-control and cultivating a sense of meaning in life among adolescents can serve as effective prevention and intervention strategies for addressing the issue of problematic internet use.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of metformin combined with anti-VEGF agents in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: This study was a prospective, nonrandomized case-control study. Patients were included in with a diagnosis of DME who received anti-VEGF agents injection. Basic information, medical history, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), the number of intravitreal injections, panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), and macular grid photocoagulation treatment during the 6-month follow-up, were recorded for each patient. RESULTS: A total of 50 DME patients were collected (24 patients with a history of oral metformin ≥ 6 months and 26 patients who had not taken metformin). The BCVA and the CMT were significantly improved after anti-VEGF treatment in two groups (F1 = 19.35, F2 = 26.78; F1 = 65.45, F2 = 76.23; P < 0.05). The BCVA in the metformin group was better than that in non-metformin group at every point after treatment (F = 34.45, P < 0.05). The CMT in metformin group decreased much more than that in non-metformin group during the follow-up period (F = 87.05, P < 0.05). The injection numbers decreased in the metformin group compared with the non-metformin group (t = 5.14, P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in PRP and macular grid photocoagulation therapy between the two groups during the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Metformin can enhance the therapeutic effect of anti-VEGF agents on DME patients to improve their visual acuity, improve the structure of the macular area, and reduce the number of intravitreal injections 90.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Retinopatía Diabética , Edema Macular , Metformina , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Retinopatía Diabética/complicaciones , Retinopatía Diabética/diagnóstico , Retinopatía Diabética/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravítreas , Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Edema Macular/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema Macular/etiología , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Estudios Prospectivos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The volatile flavor compounds of Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine) brewed from different raw materials were obviously different, but there were few studies on the volatile flavor compounds of Huangjiu brewed from different wheat Qu at different brewing stages. In this paper, headspace-solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, combined with principal component analysis and sensory evaluation, was used to determine the volatile flavor compounds in Huangjiu brewed from wheat Qu made by hand and wheat Qu made by mechanical. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents and types of volatile flavor substances in Huangjiu brewed from different wheat Qu at fermentation stages, and the prefermentation and postfermentation Huangjiu samples could be well distinguished from each other. Compared with the Huangjiu brewed from wheat Qu made by mechanical, the Huangjiu brewed from wheat Qu made by hand has stronger aroma and better taste.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of cyclin-dependent kinase 14 (CDK14) expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The present prospective observational study included 193 patients diagnosed with NSCLC between January 2010 and December 2014. NSCLC tumor tissues and paired paracancerous normal tissues were obtained from all patients. CDK14, thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), and Ki67 expression was measured via immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: CDK14 staining was strong (>3) in 129 patients (66.49%) and weak (≤3) in 64 patients (33.16%). The mean IHC scores were markedly higher in tumor tissues than in paracancerous tissues. Pearson's analysis demonstrated that the IHC scores of CDK14 expression were positively correlated with TTF-1, CK5/6, and Ki67 scores. Kaplan-Meier analysis illustrated that 5-year overall survival was markedly longer in patients with weak CDK14 staining. TNM stage, pleural invasion, lymph node metastasis, CDK14 expression, and Ki67 expression were risk factors for 5-year overall survival in patients with NSCLC. CONCLUSION: CDK14 overexpression portended poor outcomes in patients with NSCLC, and CDK14 expression was correlated with TTF-1, CK5/5, and Ki67 expression.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Quinasas Ciclina-Dependientes , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Metástasis Linfática , PronósticoRESUMEN
In neuroscience, the Default Mode Network (DMN), also known as the default network or the default-state network, is a large-scale brain network known to have highly correlated activities that are distinct from other networks in the brain. Many studies have revealed that DMNs can influence other cognitive functions to some extent. This paper is motivated by this idea and intends to further explore on how DMNs could help Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) on image classification problems through an experimental study. The approach emphasizes the bionic meaning on model selection and parameters settings. For modeling, we select Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) as the neuron model, Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) as the input DMN, and design the learning algorithm based on Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP). Then, we experiment on a two-layer SNN to evaluate the influence of DMN on classification accuracy, and on a three-layer SNN to examine the influence of DMN on structure evolution, where the results both appear positive. Finally, we discuss possible directions for future works.
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In order to improve the high cost of equipment and difficult management caused by the natural aging of Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu), micro-oxygen (MO) and electric field (PEF) technology are used to accelerate the aging of Huangjiu. The results showed that micro-oxygen and electric field have a significant effect on the sensory characteristics and flavor characteristics of Huangjiu. Compared with the naturally aged Huangjiu, the flavor compounds of Huangjiu treated with micro-oxygen and electric field increase significantly. Based on principal component analysis, Huangjiu processed at 0.35 mg L/day or 0.5 mg L/day combined electric field exhibited similar flavor to the natural aged Huangjiu, which was highly associated with long-chain fatty acid ethyl esters (C13-C18). Moreover, partial least squares regression demonstrated that sensory attributes of cereal aroma and astringency were highlighted after aging time, while fruit aroma, continuation, and full body were dominant after micro-oxygen and electric field treatment. Micro-oxygen and electric field effectively enhanced the quality of Huangjiu, which could be applied in other alcoholic beverages.
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INTRODUCTION: Thoracoscopic sympathectomy (TS) has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PH). However, the complications include compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH), and over-dry hands may occur in some patients after TS. AIM: To compare the therapeutic effect of T3 and T4 TS on primary PH and primary PH with axillary and plantar sweating. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 100 patients with PH who had undergone T3 (group A, n = 49) or T4 (group B, n = 51) TS in our department, with at least 1 year of postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: At discharge, no major complications or deaths occurred in either group. The condition of sweaty hands was fully improved in 44 of 49 patients in group A and all patients in group B, with a significant difference (p = 0.031). After 12 months of follow-up, 18 (36.7%) patients in group A and 4 (7.8%) patients in group B developed CH, 16 (48.5%) patients in group A and 24 (77.4%) patients in group B had improved axillary sweating, with a significant difference (p < 0.05). The satisfaction rate of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Both T3 and T4 TS were safe and effective treatments for PH patients, but the incidence of CH in T4 TS was lower than that in T3 TS. T3 TS may be more suitable for patients with severe PH, while T4 TS had a better therapeutic effect on PH patients with axillary sweating.
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Malignant tumor represents a major reason for death in the world and its incidence is growing rapidly. Developing the tools for early diagnosis is possibly a promising way to offer diverse therapeutic options and promote the survival chance. Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), also called Osteopontin (OPN), has been demonstrated overexpressed in many cancers. However, the specific role of SPP1 in prognosis, gene mutations, and changes in gene and miRNA expression in human cancers is unclear. In this report, we found SPP1 expression was higher in most of the human cancers. Based on Kaplan-Meier plotter and the PrognoScan database, we found high SPP1 expression was significantly correlated with poor survival in various cancers. Using a large dataset of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), head and neck cancer (HNSC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, this study identified 22 common genes and 2 common miRNAs. GO, and KEGG paths analyses suggested that SPP1 correlated genes were mainly involved in positive regulation of immune cell activation and infiltration. SPP1-associated genes and miRNAs regulatory networks suggested that their interactions may play a role in the progression of four selected cancers. SPP1 showed significant positive correlation with the immunocyte and immune marker sets infiltrating degrees. All of these data provide strong evidence that SPP1 may promote tumor progress through interacting with carcinogenic genes and facilitating immune cells' infiltration in COAD, HNSC, LUAD, and LUSC.