Near-miss organizational learning in nursing within a tertiary hospital: a mixed methods study.

BACKGROUND: Near-miss organizational learning is important for perspective and proactive risk management. Although nursing organizations are the largest component of the healthcare system and act as the final safety barrier, there is little research about the current status of near-miss organizational learning. Thus, we conducted this study to explore near-miss organizational learning in a Chinese nursing organization and offer suggestions for future improvement. METHODS: This was a mixed methods study with an explanatory sequence. It was conducted in a Chinese nursing organization of a tertiary hospital under the guidance of the 4I Framework of Organizational Learning. The quantitative study surveyed 600 nurses by simple random sampling. Then, we applied purposive sampling to recruit 16 nurses across managerial levels from low-, middle- and high-scored nursing units and conducted semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics, structured equation modelling and content analysis were applied in the data analysis. The Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) checklist was used to report this study. RESULTS: Only 33% of participants correctly recognized near-misses, and 4% of participants always reported near-misses. The 4I Framework of Organizational Learning was verified in the surveyed nursing organization (χ2 = 0.775, p = 0.379, RMSEA < 0.01). The current organizational learning behaviour was not conducive to near-miss organizational learning due to poor group-level learning (ßGG = 0.284) and poor learning absorption (ßMisalignment= -0.339). In addition, the researchers developed 13 codes, 9 categories and 5 themes to depict near-miss organizational learning, which were characterized by nurses' unfamiliarity with near-misses, preferences and the dominance of first-order problem-solving behaviour, the suspension of near-miss learning at the group level and poor learning absorption. CONCLUSION: The performance of near-miss organizational learning is unsatisfactory across all levels in surveyed nursing organization, especially with regard to group-level learning and poor learning absorption. Our research findings offer a scientific and comprehensive description of near-miss organizational learning and shed light on how to measure and improve near-miss organizational learning in the future.

Identification of Workload Measurement Indicators for School Nursing Practice.

Many school districts rely on caseload or student to school nurse ratios that are not grounded in evidence-based research. There is a need for a comprehensive workload instrument to describe the work of school nurses that incorporates the complexities of the role and includes acuity, care processes, and social determinants of health. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify workload activities from a previous Delphi study that can be empirically measured as items for a workload instrument. A nationally representative sample of 27 school nurses participated in four focus groups, describing activities important to the measurement of workload. Focus group input resulted in identification and confirmation of workload activities that impact school nurse workload. Use of the National Association of School Nurses' Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice™ was integral in capturing gaps and important workload activities for a potential workload instrument.

Structural Racism in America: A Summative Content Analysis of National Nursing Organization Statements.

The public and brutal death of Black American George Floyd was a tragedy that had the potential to push the profession of nursing toward a perspective transformation. A summative content analysis of 49 professional nursing organization statements served as a pilot to explore the research question: Did the nursing profession experience a perspective transformation relating to racial justice and health equity following the death of George Floyd? Texts from the statements were analyzed for the presence of an equity lens, which is necessary for a perspective transformation. Each statement was assigned a rating score to determine the organization's readiness for a perspective transformation based on equity competencies adapted from CommonHealth Action. Findings demonstrated that the nursing profession is beginning to articulate the issue of racism in health care and is committed to advocating for patients of color; however, further understanding of the historical context of structural racism and the development of meaningful policy remains necessary for the profession to experience a perspective transformation.

Participants' perceptions of an intervention implemented in an Action Research Nursing Documentation Project.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to describe healthcare professionals' experiences and perceptions of an intervention implemented in an action research project conducted to improve nursing documentation practices in four municipalities in Norway. BACKGROUND: Documentation of individualized patient care is a continuing concern in healthcare services and could impacts the quality and safety of healthcare. Use of electronic systems has made some aspects of documentation more comprehensive, but creation of an individualized care plan remains a pressing issue. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive design was used. METHODS: An action research project was conducted between 2010-2012 to improve the content and quality of nursing documentation in community healthcare services in four municipalities. One year after the project was completed four focus group interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals, one for each involved municipality. Two unit managers were interviewed individually. Qualitative content analysis was used. RESULTS: Three themes emerged: healthcare professionals perceived competing interest; they experienced that they had to manage complexity and changes; and they highlighted a clear and visible leader as important for success. CONCLUSIONS: Quality improvement activities are essential. Healthcare professionals experience a complicated situation when electronic health record systems do not support workflow. Further research is recommended to focus on the functionality and user interface of electronic health record systems, and on the role of leadership when implementing changes in clinical practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Stronger cooperation among policymakers, electronic health record system vendors, and healthcare professionals is essential for improving electronic health record systems and documentation practices. Involvement of end-users in these improvements can make a difference in the way the systems are perceived in the clinical workflow.

A Concept Analysis of the Social Responsibility of Nursing Organizations Based on Walker and Avant's Method.

Social responsibility has been a core value of the nursing profession, particularly in the area of health disparity. Nevertheless, it is unclear what is meant by social responsibility. This study examined ways to define the concept of the social responsibility of nursing organizations to understand the meaning of social responsibility in the nursing profession. METHODS: The concept analysis process reported by Walker and Avant was used to clarify the meaning of social responsibility in nursing organizations. RESULTS: Defining the attributes of the social responsibility of nursing organizations included accessing, educating, and practicing as approaches for strategizing the social and structural change in inequity, caring for oppressed groups suffering socially from those with privilege and power, and taking action for health policy changes in social and political unequal contexts. The antecedents of social responsibility in nursing organizations included recognizing personal characteristics, the perspective of vulnerable populations, and the social and environmental status quo, as well as educating public services on the ethical and moral reasoning of social issues. The consequences of the social responsibility of nursing organizations were achieving social justice as equal access to basic human health needed at a societal level, equal access to effective nursing practices, and the development of health promotion policies for world health administrative practices in nursing. CONCLUSION: This study provides guidance to direct future studies by identifying conceptual attributes in the context of the social responsibility of nursing organizations.

Human trafficking policies of professional nursing organizations: Opportunity for innovative and influential policy voice.

Human trafficking is a grievous human rights violation and rapidly emerging public health threat to which most nurses are ill-equipped to effectively respond. Curricula development within academic institutions and standard setting of organizational, education, accreditation, or licensing entities are a slow-moving and complicated process ill-equipped to adequately inform nursing practice in a timely way. Professional nursing organizations are ideally situated with knowledge, skills, and attributes to effectively contribute in a timely manner to policy creation and implementation directed toward emerging health threats. This analysis identifies only nine of 104 national nursing organizations that deliver vision, skills, position statements, practice guidelines, or other tools for members seeking evidence-based, credible, professional resources to initiate health policies and clinical protocols for human trafficking. Opportunity exists for nursing organizations to leverage the collective professional skill sets of their members to efficiently galvanize the nursing profession to effectively respond to persons encountered in clinical settings who are abused and exploited through trafficking.

Diplomatic activities of Iranian Nursing Organization: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Nursing organizations play an important role in fulfilling the professional demands of nurses. The Iranian Nursing Organization (INO) is also using diplomatic activities in this direction. AIM: This study was conducted to explain the diplomatic activities of INO. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. A purposive sampling approach was used. Data were collected via in-depth, unstructured, face-to-face interviews with 21 nurses at various INOs in different cities from March to July 2020. The data collection process continued until data saturation. Interviews were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's (2004) guidelines. The MAXQDA software (v. 10) was used. FINDING: The results showed that the diplomatic activities of INO comprise professional (three categories), social (two categories), and diplomacy in power network (two categories). CONCLUSION: INO carries out diplomatic activities at organizational, national and international levels and pursues its professional nursing goals through diplomacy. INO also uses social diplomacy and political diplomacy to influence decision-makers in the community and network of power.

Building coalitions: A statewide nursing organization's role in changing nursing education regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The California Association of Colleges of Nursing (CACN), representing California's baccalaureate and higher degree nursing education programs, has raised concerns for over two-years about the number, relevance, and legitimacy of nursing education regulations. Formal CACN letters to state regulators did not affect change. While California nursing education regulations require 75% direct patient contact for all clinical courses, meeting this requirement became impossible as clinical agencies closed to nursing students during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing regulatory change was urgently needed to provide greater flexibility in meeting clinical course objectives using simulation and other online learning modalities. At stake was the graduation of over 14,971 RN students from public and private nursing programs. While state regulators opposed a legislative approach, CACN collaborated with stakeholders to support legislation that led to a reduction in direct patient care hours, allowing nursing students to progress and graduate. This longstanding advocacy work was accelerated by the pandemic and required leadership and knowledge about the legislative process for nurse educators to succeed. The ultimate goal for CACN is to forge a more respectful relationship and greater collaboration between educators and regulators to enhance quality, reduce costs, and redundancies in nursing education in this state.

Strengthening Student Nurses' Sense of Belonging Through Attendance at a Professional Nursing Conference.

Nursing faculty members at one midwestern college provided a professional development opportunity for baccalaureate nursing students by organizing a trip to a nursing association conference (ie, the AORN Global Surgical Conference & Expo). Preconference and postconference survey results showed a statistically significant increase in sense-of-belonging scores; and the eta-squared statistic (0.14) indicated a large effect size, suggesting the students' conference attendance enhanced their sense of belonging to the profession. A Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a strong, positive correlation between a student's intention to join a professional organization and his or her belief that membership in a professional organization was important (r = 0.82, n = 26, P < .001). This type of professional experience may improve students' perception of nursing professionalism, sense of belonging, intention to join a professional organization, and confidence in nursing as a career.

Organizational identity and the state of organizational identification in nursing organizations.

AIM: This study qualitatively identified the organizational identity of a nursing organization and determined the state of organizational identification of staff in hospital wards. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive survey study. METHODS: Interviews were conducted using interview guides; a qualitative inductive analysis was performed for the three attributes of organizational identity (central, distinctive and enduring). The study included three head nurses working in different facilities and three teams comprising three nurses each, who worked under each of the head nurses (12 nurses total). RESULTS: Centrality comprised two subcategories: "ward work attributes" and "ward care attributes". Clear centrality originating from a head nurse showed a strong influence on organizational culture in a hospital ward. As young staff is identified by distinctiveness in wards, it is important to clarify distinctiveness. When centrality and distinctiveness were not clear, enduring was weak.

Statewide political activism for California academic nursing leaders.

The California Association of Colleges of Nursing (CACN) is a not-for-profit, non-partisan nursing organization whose members are the universities' Schools of Nursing that offer baccalaureate and graduate degree programs in California. The nursing deans and directors are the individuals who attend scheduled statewide meetings and actualize the mission, vision, and governance of this organization. Starting in 2011, CACN began a journey toward greater political activism that was initiated by strategic planning. During the Spring 2017 meeting, forty-four California nursing deans/directors advanced their advocacy by attending prescheduled visits with California legislators. The goals for meetings with California policy makers included: 1. Inform them about CACN as an organization and its sphere of influence and 2. Educate them about CACN's perspective on current bills in the California legislature. This manuscript details a process to assist other state organizations to move toward political activism in support of the nursing profession from the academic nursing leadership perspective.

Analysis on the status quo and influencing factors of disaster preparedness of nursing organization among newly recruited nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals of Zhengzhou city / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the status quo of disaster preparedness of nursing organization among newly recruited nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals of Zhengzhou city and analyze the influencing factors in order to provide theoretical basis for further improving the standardized training program for newly recruited nurses.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. From December 2021 to March 2022, 964 newly recruited nurses from 4 tertiary grade A hospitals of Zhengzhou city were selected as the survey objects by convenient sampling method. The general information questionnaire and Hospital Nursing Department Disaster Preparedness Scale were used to conduct the questionnaire survey. Disordered multiple classification Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of disaster preparedness of hospital nursing organization.Results:The disaster preparedness score of nursing organization of newly recruited nurses was (37.62 ± 7.57) points. The results of disordered multiple classification Logistic regression showed that the factors influencing the disaster preparedness level of nursing organization of newly recruited nurses were whether they had participated in disaster rescue work and the degree of attention paid by nursing organizations to disaster rescue training (both P<0.05). Conclusions:The disaster preparedness of the nursing organization of newly recruited nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals of Zhengzhou city was at a medium level. Nursing managers should pay attention to the disaster preparedness of newly recruited nurses, develop their core abilities for disaster rescue according to their influencing factors, and incorporate disaster preparedness related contents on the basis of standardized training programs.

Métodos de trabalho dos enfermeiros em hospitais: scoping review / Working methods of nurses in hospitals: scoping review / Métodos de trabajo de las enfermeras en los hospitales: scoping review

RESUMOObjetivo: sintetizar o conhecimento científico sobre os métodos de trabalho dos enfermeiros no contexto hospitalar. Método: estudo de revisão do tipo scoping, baseada nos princípios do Joanna Briggs Institute, com recurso às bases de dados Medline (PubMed), CINAHL®e LILACS. Como critérios de inclusão, definiram­se os artigos publicados nos idiomas de português, inglês e espanhol, entre 2016 e 2021, que abordassem a temática em estudo. Excluíram-se os achados referentes à assistência de enfermagem na atenção primária e nos contextos específicos de prestação de cuidados de enfermagem. Resultados: entre os 986 estudos encontrados, foram considerados 15 artigos para análise e identificadas três áreas temáticas, métodos de trabalho adotados pelos enfermeiros, implicações da adoção dos métodos de trabalho dos enfermeiros e fatores facilitadores/dificultadores da adoção dos métodos de trabalho dos enfermeiros. Conclusão: o método de trabalho constitui uma das bases do exercício profissional, com diversas implicações e fatores que podem concorrer para a qualidade e segurança dos cuidados de enfermagem prestados

ABSTRACTObjective: to synthesize scientific knowledge about nurses' working methods in the hospital context.Method: scoping review study, based on the principles of the Joanna Briggs Institute, using the Medline (PubMed), CINAHL® and LILACS databases. As inclusion criteria, articles published in the languages of Portuguese, English and Spanish, between 2016 and 2021, that addressed the subject under study were defined. Findings related to nursing care in primary care and in specific contexts of nursing care were excluded.Results: of the 986 studies found, 15 articles were considered for analysis and three thematic areas were identified, working methods adopted by nurses, implications of adopting nurses' working methods, and facilitating/ hindering factors in adopting nurses' working methods.Conclusion: the work method is one of the bases of professional practice, with several implications and factors that can contribute to the quality and safety of the nursing care provided.Descriptors: Delivery of Health Care; Nursing care; Nursing; Hospitals; Models, Nursing; Organization and Administration.

RESUMENObjetivo: sintetizar el conocimiento científico sobre los métodos de trabajo del enfermero en el contexto hospitalario.Método: estudio de revisión scoping, basado en los principios del Instituto Joanna Briggs, utilizando las bases de datos Medline (PubMed), CINAHL® y LILACS. Como criterios de inclusión se definieron los artículos publicados en los idiomas portugués, inglés y español, entre 2016 y 2021, que abordaran el tema en estudio. Se excluyeron los hallazgos relacionados con la atención de enfermería en la atención primaria y en contextos específicos de la atención de enfermería.Resultados: de los 986 estudios encontrados, se consideraron 15 artículos para su análisis y se identificaron tres áreas temáticas, métodos de trabajo adoptados por enfermeras, las implicaciones de la adopción de los métodos de trabajo de las enfermeras y los factores facilitadores/ obstaculizadores en la adopción de los métodos de trabajo de las enfermeras.Conclusión: el método de trabajo es una de las bases de la práctica profesional, con diversas implicaciones y factores que pueden contribuir a la calidad y seguridad de la atención de enfermería brindada.

Nursing education's response to the 1995 Institute of Medicine Report: Nursing, Health, and the Environment.

PROBLEM: Although environmental health has been central to nursing practice since the work of Florence Nightingale, the inclusion of environmental health concepts into nursing education has, for the most part, been confined to public health and occupational health nursing. The 1995 Institute of Medicine report, Nursing, Health, and the Environment, clearly stated that environmental health was an important aspect of nursing practice, but nurses were not adequately educated to address such in their practice. METHODS: This article highlights the initiatives by nurse educators, faculty development programs, federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, and private foundations to educate and engage nurses in environmental health since 1995, with a focus on the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments. The historical summary was developed using professional literature, documents, personal interviews, and survey data. FINDINGS: Nurses responded to the mandates of the 1995 Institute of Medicine report, Nursing, Health, and the Environment, in formal educational programs, through continuing education for nurses, workshops, symposia, and regional faculty development trainings. Since the formation of the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, collaborative efforts led to the development of competencies, nursing outreach to organizations such as the American Nursing Association, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing to advance practice standards, academic curriculum, and the development of an electronic textbook. CONCLUSION: The environmental health nursing agenda moved forward since the publication of the 1995 IOM report; however, the development of the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments accelerated the educational accomplishments through organizational collaboration.

Reflections on T. Berry Brazelton, MD's influence on pediatric nursing.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to provide examples of Dr. Brazelton's important influence on pediatric nursing, and by extension, the work of child psychiatric mental health nurses, the care of children and families, and ultimately, the healthcare delivery system. SOURCES: Dr. Brazelton's professional colleagues, research, professional journals, and books. CONCLUSION: Over the past 40 years, T. Berry Brazelton has had a major impact on the development of pediatric nursing, infant mental health, and the nurse practitioner movement. He has influenced the growth and development of nursing organizations, nursing education, nursing research, nursing practice, and health policy affecting nurses.

Comparing Organizational Commitment, Nursing Organization Culture, and Job Satisfaction of Korean Nurses Working in Korea and the U.S / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the differences in organizational commitment, nursing organization culture, and job satisfaction of Korean nurses employed in Korea and the United States, and to determine how these variables were associated with selected study characteristics. METHODS: An exploratory cross-sectional study was performed with a convenience sample of 357 nurses from Korea and the U.S. Data were collected by using a web site survey and self-reported questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. RESULTS: In comparison to Korean American nurses (KAN), Korean nurses (KN) were younger, single, worked more time, took a charge role or higher, and had less turnover experience. After controlling for age and marital status, nursing organization culture and job satisfaction of KN were significantly lower than those of KAN, respectively (F= -26.02, p<.001; F= -4.87, p=.028). Significant relationships among selected socio-demo-health and work-related characteristics and the three variables were higher for KN. CONCLUSION: Higher organizational commitment and nursing organization culture from all Korean nurses were related their perceived high level of job satisfaction. Recommendations for further study include exploring a larger sample size of a variety of different types of nursing organizations and staff as well.

Mediating Effects of Empowerment, Job Stress, and Organizational Commitment in Relation-oriented Nursing Organization Culture and Turnover Intention of Clinical Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to analyze the mediating effects of empowerment, job stress, organizational commitment and relation-oriented nursing organization culture on turnover intention of clinical nurses. METHODS: Participants selected for the final analysis were 382 nurses working in 4 general hospitals. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics Pearson correlation analysis (SPSS/WIN 17.0), and Path analysis (AMOS 18.0). RESULTS: The study results are as follows: relation-oriented nursing organizational culture had no direct effect but had an indirect effect on nurses' turnover intention through empowerment, job stress, and organizational commitment, while job stress and organizational commitment had direct effects on turnover intention. The results also showed that empowerment had strong effect on organizational commitment, but job stress had very weak effect. Empowerment had an effect on turnover intention. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that establishment of relation-oriented nursing organization culture is imperative if clinical nurses' turnover intention is to be decreased.

Limitações e potencialidades da passagem de plantão de enfermagem na atenção hospitalar / Limitations and potentialities of the nursing shift in hospital care

A passagem de plantão é um recurso estratégico para a organização dos cuidados de enfermagem, que permite a continuidade da assistência efetiva. Trata-se de uma atribuição do enfermeiro, que precisa desenvolver a competência em comunicação para coordenar, organizar e realizar a passagem de plantão. A reconfiguração do papel do hospital, importância da integralidade e continuidade do cuidado, relevância da temática para o trabalho do enfermeiro e da equipe de enfermagem e a carência da produção científica sobre a passagem de plantão na atenção hospitalar justificaram a realização desta pesquisa. O objetivo foi identificar potencialidades e limitações da passagem de plantão de enfermagem na atenção hospitalar. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, abordagem qualitativa, utilizando Técnica do Incidente Crítico. Desenvolvido nas Unidades Funcionais da Neurologia e Clínica Cirúrgica, de hospital público universitário, referência para atenção às urgências e emergências, em município da região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Os participantes foram enfermeiros que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão: ser profissional nos serviços selecionados, não estar direta ou indiretamente envolvido com o estudo e estar presente na unidade à época da coleta de dados, e foram critérios de exclusão: estar ausente da unidade em decorrência de afastamentos de qualquer natureza. Para coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas, transcritas integralmente. Para análise, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e para os relatos utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Foram encontradas 76 situações, 103 comportamentos e 126 consequências. As situações tiveram predomínio de referências negativas (73,7%), agrupadas em quatro categorias: comunicação, interrupções na passagem de plantão, aspectos ambientais e aspectos organizacionais. Os comportamentos tiveram maioria de referências negativas (63,1%), agrupados em quatro categorias: comunicar, interromper a passagem de plantão, questionar a estrutura de trabalho e utilizar recursos tecnológicos. As consequências concentraram referências negativas (65,8%), agrupadas em quatro categorias: comunicação, tempo, organização do trabalho e relações interpessoais. As referências positivas foram entendidas como potencialidades e as referências negativas como limitações para a passagem de plantão. Nesse sentido, pode-se afirmar que os resultados referentes a situações, comportamentos e consequências evidenciam predomínio de limitações para a passagem de plantão incluindo as interrupções, falhas na comunicação, ausência de um local adequado para a realização da passagem de plantão e extensão na carga horária de trabalho, que podem repercutir em fatos inadequados para o atendimento ao usuário, tais como possibilidade de erros, duplicação/repetição de cuidados ou supressão destes inadvertidamente. Cabe destacar que, embora menos frequentes, as referências potencializadoras da passagem de plantão dizem respeito à comunicação em sua forma, foco, objetividade e conteúdo, as informações, utilização de recursos que facilitam a transmissão de informações e ambiente adequado. Os resultados permitiram um diagnóstico situacional sem, contudo, avançar para proposição de sugestões e intervenções, uma vez que a construção conjunta com os implicados das respectivas unidades pode estimular o processo participativo, criativo e de corresponsabilização. É preciso resignificar a passagem de plantão como parte das atividades de enfermagem, inserida em contexto institucional, que produz impacto para a equipe de enfermagem e multiprofissional, mas acima de tudo para os usuários

The shift is a strategic resource for the organization of nursing care, which allows continuity of effective care. This is task of the nurse, who must develop communication skills to coordinate, organize and perform the shift. The reconfiguration of the role of hospital, the importance of integrality and continuity of care, the relevance of the theme to nurses' work and nursing team, and the lack of scientific production about shift in hospital care justified this research. The aim was to identify the potentialities and limitations of the nursing shift in hospital care. This is a descriptive study with qualitative approach, using the Critical Incident Technique. It was developed at the Functional Units of Neurology and Surgical Clinic of a public university hospital, which is reference for urgency and emergency care, in a municipality in the northeastern region of the São Paulo state. Participants were nurses who met the inclusion criteria, which were the following: to be professional in the selected services, not being directly or indirectly involved with the study and to be present at the Unit at the time of data collection; and the exclusion criteria: absent from the Unit due to work leaves. For data collection, semi-structured, recorded and fully transcribed interviews were used. Descriptive statistics was used for the analysis and content analysis was used for the reports. There were 76 situations, 103 behaviors and 126 consequences. The situations had a predominance of negative references (73.7%), grouped into four categories: communication, interruptions in shift, environmental aspects and organizational aspects. The behaviors had a majority of negative references (63.1%), grouped into four categories: to communicate, to interrupt the shift, to question the work structure and to use technological resources. The consequences concentrated negative references (65.8%), grouped into four categories: communication, time, work organization and interpersonal relations. Positive references were understood as potentialities and negative references as limitations to shift. In this sense, the results regarding situations, behaviors and consequences showed a predominance of limitations for the shift, including interruptions, communication failures, lack of a suitable place for performing the shift and extension of working hours, which can have repercussions on inappropriate facts for user's assistance, such as the possibility of mistakes, duplication/repetition of care or interruption of it inadvertently. It is highlighted that, although less frequent, the potential references of the shift are related to communication in its form, focus, objectivity and content, to the information, use of resources that facilitate the transmission of information and adequate environment. The results allowed a situational diagnosis without, however, moving forward to propose suggestions and interventions, since the joint construction with those involved in the respective units can stimulate the participatory, creative and co- responsible process. It is necessary to re-signify the shift as part of the nursing activities, inserted in an institutional context that produces impact for the nursing and multiprofessional team, but above all for the users

Materiais educativos como instrumento para o aprimoramento da participação no conselho gestor / Educative material instruments to improve the consumer participation

O Sistema Único de Saúde, por meio da Lei Orgânica da Saúde e da lei 8.142/90, destaca a importância do Conselho Gestor de Saúde como instância participativa e representativa dos membros da sociedade, para o exercício do controle social das políticas públicas de saúde. A participação social, nos vários espaços da sociedade, apresenta contradições, podendo se apresentar tanto de maneira legítima como manipulada, ainda que por dentro das instituições do Estado. A dimensão política da participação é compreendida pela Saúde Coletiva, como mecanismo de aprendizado e de organização para o enfrentamento das desigualdades em saúde. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar cartilhas educativas sobre conselho gestor, elaboradas pelas instâncias governamentais, nos âmbitos federal, estadual e municipal e sugerir os elementos essenciais referentes à dimensão política da participação, que devem constituir caderno educativo sobre conselhos gestores, a partir da Saúde Coletiva. Trata-se de análise documental qualitativa, cujas fontes foram o site da prefeitura do município de São Paulo, da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo, e do Ministério da Saúde. Selecionou-se três materiais educativos: 1. Cartilha Estadual de Saúde de São Paulo, (2013); 2. Cartilha do Conselho Nacional de Saúde/Ministério da Saúde (2013) e 3. Informe eletrônico do Conselho Municipal de Saúde da Cidade de São Paulo. A análise dos textos das cartilhas foi realizada através de categorias de participação social, definidas a partir do contexto de atuação dentro do Estado. A análise dos conteúdos das cartilhas mostrou inconsistência. A participação social foi considerada democrática-radical e coletiva em diversos temas abordados pelas cartilhas, mostrando-se, no entanto, autoritária e de cooptação no que se refere à escolha dos representantes vinculados à organização governamental, que acontece diretamente relacionada à indicação dos governantes e dos prestadores de serviço. O incentivo à mobilização social, à luta política, à participação dos indivíduos e grupos mostraram-se os grandes conteúdos ausentes quando comparados ao que está normatizado como a sociedade civil organizada em grupos de interesse. Ausentaram-se também os ensinamentos sobre a política no sentido amplo, capazes de expor as contradições sociais fundamentais da sociedade de classes. Ausentou-se ainda a perspectiva de participação que contesta a ordem instituída e que denuncia as contradições na destinação de recursos. Como produto final foi elaborado um caderno educativo para os conselhos de saúde, sobre temas que não são abordados por cartilhas desenvolvidas pelas instâncias governamentais. Sua finalidade é apoiar os usuários, a desenvolverem a participação crítica necessária ao enfrentamento coletivo das contradições sociais e da área da saúde. Os temas são: Estado, Democracia, Participação social e Conselho Gestor. Espera-se que este caderno possa instrumentalizar participantes dos conselhos gestores de saúde a compreender os limites da participação por dentro do Estado e a promover superações nessas formas de participação.

The Lei Orgânica da Saúde (Law 8.080 / 90) and Law 8.142 / 90, that legitimates the Unified Health System, highlight the importance of the Consumer Participation as a participatory and representative body of the members of the society, for the exercise of social control of public health policies. Social participation, in the various spaces of society, presents contradictions, being able to present itself in a legitimate way as well as manipulated, although within the statement´s institutions. The political dimension of participation is understood by Public Health as the mechanism of learning and organization to copying health inequalities. The aim of this study was to analyze educational guides on consumer participation, elaborated by the governmental instances, at the federal, state and municipal levels, and to suggest the essential elements regarding the political dimension of participation, which should be an educational book on consumer participation, based on Public Health. It is a documentary qualitative analisis, whose source were whose sources of search were disposable at the website of São Paulo city, the Health´s Department of the State of São Paulo, and the National Health Department. Three educational materials were selected: 1. State of São Paulo Health Book, (2013); 2. Book of the National Health Council / National Health Department (2013) and 3. Electronic report of the Municipal Health Council of São Paulo´s City. The analysis of the texts from the booklets was done through categories of social participation, defined from the context of acting within the State, showed an inconsistency. Social participation was considered democratic-radical and collective in several themes approached by the booklets, however, it was authoritarian and co-optative in the choice of representatives linked to the governmental organization, which happens directly related to the nomination of the rulers and of service providers. The great absentees were the contents of incentive to the social mobilization, to the political fight, to the participation of the individuals and groups outside the one that is normalized, like the organized civil society in groups of interest. There were also perceived the absence of the political knowledge´s in the broad sense being able to expose the fundamental social contradictions of class society. The final product of this work was an educative material to the Consumer, including themes not pointed out by the government. Its purpose is to support the users, to develop the necessary critical participation in the collective challenge of social and health contradictions. The themes are: State, Democracy, Social Participation and Management Council. It is hoped that this booklet may afford these actors in the consumer participation to understand the limits of participation within the State and to promote overcomings in these forms of participation.

Custo direto do implante por cateter de bioprótese valvar aórtica nas diferentes vias de acesso / Direct cost of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the different access routes

Introdução: Uma nova alternativa de tratamento foi desenvolvida, o Implante por Cateter de Bioprótese Valvar Aórtica (TAVI, em inglês, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation), indicado para os pacientes portadores de estenose aórtica grave com várias comorbidades, considerados inoperáveis pelo tratamento cirúrgico convencional. O TAVI ainda não foi incorporado ao rol de políticas de saúde do Brasil pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), tampouco pela Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS), pois há escassez de evidências científicas fundamentadas em análise econômica do procedimento que relatem os resultados e o custo a longo prazo em comparação à cirurgia convencional. Objetivo: Identificar o custo direto médio do implante por cateter de bioprótese valvar aórtica, verificar se há alteração significativa de custo nas diferentes vias de acesso utilizadas e identificar os fatores preditores que possam elevar o custo do procedimento. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagens quantitativa, exploratória, descritiva, transversal, retrospectiva e documental, realizada em um hospital da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de São Paulo (SES-SP), da Administração Direta, especializado no tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares de alta complexidade. A população do estudo correspondeu aos procedimentos eletivos do TAVI, desde a inauguração da sala híbrida, em março de 2012, até agosto de 2015, totalizando 108 procedimentos, sendo 92 por via transfemoral, 8 por via transapical e 8 por via transaórtica. Resultados: O custo direto médio dos procedimentos TAVI nas três vias totalizou R$ 82.230,94. Por via transfemoral, esse custo médio foi de R$ 82.826,38; por via transaórtica, R$ 79.440,91; e por via transapical, R$ 78.173,41. O total de material e medicamento/solução representou, por via transfemoral, 91,89% do total do custo direto médio do procedimento TAVI; por via transapical, 91,81%; e por via transaórtica, 90,69%, e o custo fixo com a válvula transcateter, no valor de R$ 65 mil, representou 78,47% sobre o custo total do procedimento TAVI, por via transfemoral; 83,14%, por via transapical; e 81,82%, por via transaórtica. O Teste Kruskal-Wallis Teste das Variáveis Contínuas apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as vias de acesso. No custo total do procedimento TAVI, o Teste de Bonferroni mostrou diferença na associação entre as vias transfemoral e transapical. No entanto, na associação com a via transaórtica, não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa. Os fatores preditores que elevaram o custo do procedimento TAVI foram: vias de acesso, duração do procedimento, material de hemodinâmica, medicamento/solução, material de consumo, material de perfusão, total de material e medicamento/solução, recursos humanos, gases medicinais, depreciação e energia. A segunda válvula foi a única variável referente às intercorrências no Centro Cirúrgico que elevou o custo do procedimento. A média de idade dos pacientes com indicação ao TAVI foi de 81,50 ±6,96 anos. Conclusão: O TAVI é um avanço a ser discutido e acompanhado, havendo a necessidade de reforçar novas pesquisas que avaliem os benefícios do tratamento com base nos resultados e custos, a fim de auxiliar na tomada de decisão para incorporação desse tratamento para o público-alvo, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes e proporcionando a integração destes novamente às atividades diárias.

Introduction: A new treatment alternative has been developed, the Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), indicated for patients with severe aortic stenosis with various comorbidities deemed inoperable by conventional surgical treatment. TAVI has not yet been incorporated into the Brazilian health policies by the Public Health System (SUS), or by the National Supplementary Health Agency (ANS), because there is a shortage of scientific evidence based on an economic analysis of the procedure that reports the results and the long-term costs compared to conventional surgery. Objective: To identify the average direct cost of the transcatheter aortic valve implantation, to verify if there is significant change of cost in the different access routes used, and to identify predictive factors that could increase the cost of the procedure. Method: This is a study with quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, transversal, retrospective, and documentary approaches, carried out in a hospital of the State Department of Health of São Paulo (SES-SP), of the Direct Administration, specialized in the treatment of high-complexity cardiovascular diseases. The study population corresponded to TAVI elective procedures, from the inauguration of the hybrid room, in March 2012, up to August 2015, totaling 108 procedures, of which 92 were transfemoral, 8 were transapical, and 8 were transaortic. Results: The average direct cost of the TAVI procedures in the three routes totaled R$ 82,230.94. Transfemorally, this average cost was R$ 82,826.38; through the transaortic route, R$ 79,440.91; and through the transapical route, R$ 78,173.41. The total material and medication / solution represented 91.89% of the total average direct cost of the TAVI procedure through the transfemoral route; 91.81% through the transapical route; and 90.69% through the transaortic route, and the fixed cost with the transcatheter valve, in the amount of R$ 65,000.00, represented 78.47% of the total cost of the TAVI procedure through the transfemoral route; 83.14%, through the transapical route; and 81.82% through the transaortic route. The Kruskal-Wallis Test Continuous Variables Test showed a statistically significant difference among the access routes. In the total cost of the TAVI procedure, the Bonferroni Test showed a difference in the association between the transfemoral and transapical routes. However, in the association with the transaortic route, there was no statistically significant difference. Predictive factors that increased the cost of the TAVI procedure were: access routes, length of procedure, hemodynamic material, drug / solution, consumption material, infusion material, total material and medicine/solution, human resources, medical gas, depreciation and energy. The second valve was the only variable related to the complications in the or that increased the cost of the procedure. The mean age of patients with TAVI was 81.50 ± 6.96 years. Conclusion: TAVI is an advance to be discussed and monitored, and there is a need to encourage new studies that evaluate the benefits of treatment based on the results and costs, in order to assist in the decision making for the incorporation of this treatment into its population, improving the quality of life of patients and providing once again their integration into daily activities.